Roses (Rosa spp.) are among the most economically and ornamentally important floricultural crops worldwide, yet their improvement is constrained by inefficient breeding methods. Tissue culture regeneration based plant transformation and genome editin...
Genetic transformation is a valuable tool for the development of plant varieties with desirable traits that are present in the species germplasm with low genetic variability, i.e., resistance to pests and diseases and nutritional improvements. Althou...
Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is one of the most important industrial crops for the extraction of pyrethrins, which are natural insecticidal compounds. Progress in pyrethrum molecular breeding with the objective of increasing pyrethrin conten...
Natural regeneration of recalcitrant-seeded tree species is strongly limited in Mediterranean-type climate zones due to increasing droughts imposed by climate change. Direct seeding can be a low-cost alternative to seedling establishment, but there i...
The development of gamma ray-mutated rice lines is a solution for introducing genetic variability in indica rice varieties already being used by farmers. In vitro gamma ray (60Co) mutagenesis reduces chimeras and allows for a faster selection of desi...
Eruca sativa is known in traditional medicine for its therapeutic effects, while young plants are used as a salad or green food. Recently, the consumption of rocket has increased considerably, so it has become very important for breeders. Plant tissu...
This research was designed to provide the first protocol to establish an efficient solution for direct organogenesis regeneration in Passiflora quadrangularis using nodal explants from young shoots. Passifloraceae tissue culture has been associated w...
As a notable illustration of totipotency and plant regeneration, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the developmental reprogramming of somatic cells toward the embryogenesis pathway, the key step for genetic engineering. Investigations examining the totip...
Ionic liquids are novel compounds with unique chemical and physical properties. They can be received based on synthetic auxins like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or dicamba, which are commonly used hormones in microspore embryogenesis. Nevertheless,...
Somatic embryogenesis-mediated plant regeneration is essential for the genetic manipulation of agronomically important traits in upland cotton. Genotype specific recalcitrance to regeneration is a primary challenge in deploying genome editing and inc...
Gene editing by use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has become a powerful tool for crop improvement. However, a common bottleneck in the application of this approach to grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa),...
Ethylene is a plant hormone controlling physiological and developmental processes such as fruit maturation, hairy root formation, and leaf abscission. Its effect on regeneration systems, such as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE), has been...
Recent development and implementation of crop cryopreservation protocols has increased the capacity to maintain recalcitrant seeded germplasm collections via cryopreserved in vitro material. To preserve the greatest possible plant genetic resources g...
The induction of plant somatic embryogenesis is often a limiting step for plant multiplication and genetic manipulation in numerous crops. It depends on multiple signaling developmental processes involving phytohormones and the induction of specific...
New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBTs) protocols have been developed to produce new grape varieties with improved quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Reliable transformation protocols for grapes are based on the generation/induction of embry...
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is a globally important leafy vegetable, but functional genomics research on its recalcitrance to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is severely limited. In this study, we demonstrate that bo...
Sorghum has been considered a recalcitrant plant in vitro and suffers from a lack of regeneration protocols that function broadly and efficiently across a range of genotypes. This study was initiated to identify differential genotype-in vitro protoco...
In recent years, plant tissue culture has become a crucial component of the modern bioeconomy. From a commercial perspective, plant micropropagation remains one of its most valuable applications. Plants exhibit remarkable developmental plasticity; ho...
Establishing plant regeneration systems and efficient genetic transformation techniques plays a crucial role in plant functional genomics research and the development of new crop varieties. The inefficient methods of transformation and regeneration o...
Previous efforts to transform lentil have been considerably hampered by the crop’s recalcitrant nature, giving rise to particularly low transformation and regeneration frequencies. This study aimed at optimizing an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated t...
Grain amaranths are recalcitrant to conventional in vitro plant regeneration by organogenesis de novo or through somatic embryogenesis. Consequently, floral organogenesis by these methods, representing the culminating developmental point in angiosper...
Brassica napus is a species of high agronomic interest, used as a model to study different processes, including microspore embryogenesis. The DH4079 and DH12075 lines show high and low embryogenic response, respectively, which makes them ideal to stu...
The usual treatment for bone defects and recalcitrant nonunions is an autogenous bone graft. However, due to the limitations in obtaining autogenous bone grafts and the morbidity associated with their procurement, various bone healing materials have...
In vitro conservation and regeneration of potato germplasm is important in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the combined effect of paclobutrazol (PAC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during reduced-growth conservation and...
This review is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Domenico Mariotti, who significantly contributed to establishing the Italian research community in Agricultural Genetics and carried out the first experiments of Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic tra...
Between 5 and 10 percent of fractures do not heal, a condition known as nonunion. In clinical practice, stable fracture fixation associated with autologous iliac crest bone graft placement is the gold standard for treatment. However, some recalcitran...
Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. is a tetraploid wheat that is utilized worldwide as a valuable breeding source for wheat improvement. Gene-based biotechnologies can contribute to this field; however, T. timopheevii exhibits recalcitrance and albinism in t...
Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis have been widely applied as the two main regeneration pathways in plant tissue cultures. However, recalcitrance is still the main restriction in the clonal propagation of many woody species, especially in conif...
Prunus spp. is one of the most recalcitrant fruit tree species in terms of in vitro regeneration and transformation, mostly when mature tissues are used as explants. The present study describes the in vitro regeneration via indirect organogenesis, an...
The tissue culture regeneration system of Lupinus albus has always been considered as recalcitrant material due to its genotype-dependent response and low regeneration efficiency that hamper the use of genetic engineering. Establishment of repeatable...
Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are recalcitrant to in vitro culture regeneration, making the application of in vitro-based breeding strategies difficult. We evaluated the impact of different combinations of auxins, cytokinins and micronutrients on the induc...
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., family Cannabaceae) is a multi-purpose crop, used in the production of food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and medicines. Therefore, development of new varieties with specific chemical profiles is necessary. In vitro...
This study couples a carbon quantum dot photocatalyst with a proton relay installed (EDTA-CQDs) for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production with an ozone (O3) system. In situ activation of O3 is achieved by the photogenerated H2O2, which integr...
Morphogenetic factors (MTFs) are specialized plant genes and transcription factors that play pivotal roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. This review focuses on their functions in plant development regulation and their applications in plant biot...
Fungi from unique environments exhibit special physiological characters and plenty of bioactive natural products. However, the recalcitrant genetics or poor transformation efficiencies prevent scientists from systematically studying molecular biologi...
The treatment of diabetic wounds is impaired by the intricate nature of diabetes and its associated complications, necessitating novel strategies. The utilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic modality for chronic and reca...
Electrospinning is a widely used technique to draw recalcitrant biopolymer solutions into micro to nanoscale materials in a simple and economical way. The first focus of this research involved using ionic liquids as a non-volatile solvent for natural...
Rice is one of the apex food crops in terms of meeting the daily calorific and dietary requirement of the majority of the world population. However, rice productivity is severely limited by various biotic and abiotic attributes, causing a severe thre...
Bacterial nitroreductase enzymes that convert prodrugs to cytotoxins are valuable tools for creating transgenic targeted ablation models to study cellular function and cell-specific regeneration paradigms. We recently engineered a nitroreductase (&ld...
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an economically valuable crop used in the production of nutraceutical supplements, functional food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. However, the large-scale propagation of this plant has been limited by challe...
The development of a robust Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for a recalcitrant species like durum wheat requires the identification and optimization of factors affecting T-DNA delivery and plant regeneration. The purpose of this resear...
Sasa spp., monocarpic dwarf bamboos, are known to form recalcitrant understories, lower species diversity, and hinder forest development. Sasa borealis distributed throughout Korea showed a phenomenon of synchronized dieback after large-scale synchro...
This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of shoot regeneration from different leaf types (normal leaves and vitrified leaves) from three different carnation cultivars ‘Kumbuyl’, ‘Denev’, and ‘Jinju’ usi...
The recalcitrance and biological toxicity of phenolic pollutants pose a serious threat to the safety of aquatic environments, and developing efficient and stable catalytic degradation technologies is a key research focus in the current environmental...
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a protected crop in China with high economic value. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is a powerful tool to improve agronomic traits and obtain elite germplasm. However, current transformation protocols in melon...
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Cyanobacterial blooms caused by phytoplankton Microcystis have occurred successively since 1980 in Lake Taihu, China, which has led to difficulty collecting clean drinking water. The effects of cyanobacterial scum-derived dissolved organic matter (DO...
Fruit tree rootstock breeding is prolonged by extended juvenile phases, high heterozygosity, limited germplasm diversity, and hybrid incompatibilities, often requiring four decades to release new cultivars. Direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) in estab...
Plant transformation efficiency is highly dependent on species, individual genotypes, and tissue types. In maize, immature embryos are regularly used for transformation. The process relies heavily on callus development, as it is intricately associate...
Plant in vitro cultures have been a crucial component of efforts to enhance crops and advance plant biotechnology. Traditional plant breeding is a time-consuming process that, depending on the crop, might take up to 25 years before an improved cultiv...
Secondary somatic embryogenesis (SSE) represents a powerful tool for clonal propagation, efficient genetic modification, and plant conservation, enabling the continuous production of secondary somatic embryos (SSEs) from previously formed embryogenic...
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