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447 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
357 Views
20 Pages

4 January 2026

The selection of data smoothing methods is one of the key steps in extracting land surface phenology parameters from time-series remote sensing data. However, existing studies often use default parameters for denoising the time-series data, neglectin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,595 Views
23 Pages

3 November 2024

Plastic-mulching technology has a crucial role to play in modern agriculture by optimizing crop growth environments and enhancing yields. Accurately detecting and mapping the distribution of plastic-mulched farmlands (PMFs) is essential for improving...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,726 Views
20 Pages

Monitoring Mangrove Phenology Based on Gap Filling and Spatiotemporal Fusion: An Optimized Mangrove Phenology Extraction Approach (OMPEA)

  • Yu Hong,
  • Runfa Zhou,
  • Jinfu Liu,
  • Xiang Que,
  • Bo Chen,
  • Ke Chen,
  • Zhongsheng He and
  • Guanmin Huang

6 February 2025

Monitoring mangrove phenology requires frequent, high-resolution remote sensing data, yet satellite imagery often suffers from coarse resolution and cloud interference. Traditional methods, such as denoising and spatiotemporal fusion, faced limitatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,896 Views
21 Pages

Extraction of Cotton Information with Optimized Phenology-Based Features from Sentinel-2 Images

  • Yuhang Tian,
  • Yanmin Shuai,
  • Congying Shao,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Lianlian Fan,
  • Yaoming Li,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Abdujalil Narimanov,
  • Rustam Usmanov and
  • Sevara Baboeva

10 April 2023

The spatial distribution of cotton fields is primary information for national farm management, the agricultural economy and the textile industry. Therefore, accurate cotton information at the regional scale is required with a rapid increase due to th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,776 Views
12 Pages

Phenolic and Antioxidant Compound Accumulation of Quercus robur Bark Diverges Based on Tree Genotype, Phenology and Extraction Method

  • Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė,
  • Ieva Čėsnienė,
  • Gabija Leleikaitė,
  • Virgilijus Baliuckas and
  • Dorotėja Vaitiekūnaitė

6 March 2023

Oak bark is a rich niche for beneficial bioactive compounds. It is known that the amount of the compounds found in plant tissues can depend on species, genotype, growth site, etc., but it is unclear whether oak phenology, i.e., late or early bud burs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
346 Views
16 Pages

11 December 2025

Tea, recognized as one of the world’s three principal beverages, plays a significant role both economically and culturally. The accurate, large-scale mapping of tea plantations is crucial for quality control, industry regulation, and ecological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,686 Views
26 Pages

16 October 2020

Accurate evaluation of start of season (SOS) changes is essential to assess the ecosystem’s response to climate change. Smoothing method is an understudied factor that can lead to great uncertainties in SOS extraction, and the applicable situat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,270 Views
19 Pages

13 May 2023

Vegetation phenology reflects the response mechanisms in ecology and climate change, so it is important that the parameters used to study vegetation phenology are accurate. Previous studies mainly focused on phenological changes. However, because the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,629 Views
18 Pages

Comparison of Multi-Methods for Identifying Maize Phenology Using PhenoCams

  • Yahui Guo,
  • Shouzhi Chen,
  • Yongshuo H. Fu,
  • Yi Xiao,
  • Wenxiang Wu,
  • Hanxi Wang and
  • Kirsten de Beurs

6 January 2022

Accurately identifying the phenology of summer maize is crucial for both cultivar breeding and fertilizer controlling in precision agriculture. In this study, daily RGB images covering the entire growth of summer maize were collected using phenocams...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
713 Views
7 Pages

Phenological parameters extracted from time series (TS) of spectral indices are essential to characterizing crops. However, the lack of data in the TS can affect their accuracy. The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) provides these parameters...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,379 Views
19 Pages

12 January 2022

The northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is an agricultural protection area in China’s new development plan, and the primary region of winter wheat growth within QTP. Winter wheat monitoring is critical for understanding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,904 Views
17 Pages

Antioxidant Properties and Secondary Metabolites Profile of Hyptis colombiana at Various Phenological Stages

  • Sheila B. Beltrán,
  • Lady J. Sierra,
  • José L. Fernández-Alonso,
  • Angie K. Romero,
  • Jairo R. Martínez and
  • Elena E. Stashenko

22 September 2023

Hyptis colombiana (Lamiaceae family), a species also treated as Cantinoa colombiana in a recently segregated genus from Hyptis, is a perennial herb or subshrub native to the Andes of northern South America. H. colombiana leaves are commonly used in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,207 Views
27 Pages

13 June 2022

The excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers during agricultural production causes water pollution, which is an important type of non-point source pollution (NSP). Large amounts of harmful substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, flow into sur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
7,316 Views
16 Pages

30 August 2017

Remote-sensing phenology detection can compensate for deficiencies in field observations and has the advantage of capturing the continuous expression of phenology on a large scale. However, there is some variability in the results of remote-sensing p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,413 Views
16 Pages

Previous studies have primarily focused on the extraction of highland barley crops using single phenological images, which ignored the selection of the optimal phenological period for classification. Utilizing the multiple phenological images from Se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,437 Views
23 Pages

This study employed a data fusion method to extract the high-similarity time series feature index of a dataset through the integration of MS (Multi-Spectrum) and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images. The farmlands are divided into small pieces that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,460 Views
14 Pages

31 January 2022

Satellite remote sensing is an important method for forest phenological studies at continental or global scales. Sentinel-1 (S1), a polar orbit satellite with a spatial resolution of 10 m, provides an opportunity to observe high-resolution forest phe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,647 Views
17 Pages

14 November 2024

The advent of precision agriculture has highlighted the necessity for the careful determination of crop phenology at increasingly smaller scales. Although remote sensing technology is extensively employed for the monitoring of crop growth, the acquis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,662 Views
19 Pages

Exploring the Potential for Automatic Extraction of Vegetation Phenological Metrics from Traffic Webcams

  • David E. Morris,
  • Doreen S. Boyd,
  • John A. Crowe,
  • Caroline S. Johnson and
  • Karon L. Smith

10 May 2013

Phenological metrics are of potential value as direct indicators of climate change. Usually they are obtained via either satellite imaging or ground based manual measurements; both are bespoke and therefore costly and have problems associated with sc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,888 Views
24 Pages

Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Extracts

  • Urte Griskeviciene,
  • Justina Dambrauskiene,
  • Mindaugas Marksa,
  • Zaneta Mazeliene,
  • Rimanta Vainoriene and
  • Liudas Ivanauskas

20 September 2024

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the Asteraceae family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
8,088 Views
16 Pages

9 March 2017

Phenological metrics extracted from satellite data (phenometrics) have been increasingly used to access timely, spatially explicit information on crop phenology, but have rarely been calibrated and validated with field observations. In this study, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
153 Citations
14,885 Views
15 Pages

Land Cover Classification of Landsat Data with Phenological Features Extracted from Time Series MODIS NDVI Data

  • Kun Jia,
  • Shunlin Liang,
  • Xiangqin Wei,
  • Yunjun Yao,
  • Yingru Su,
  • Bo Jiang and
  • Xiaoxia Wang

19 November 2014

Temporal-related features are important for improving land cover classification accuracy using remote sensing data. This study investigated the efficacy of phenological features extracted from time series MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,946 Views
17 Pages

Extraction of Rice Phenological Differences under Heavy Metal Stress Using EVI Time-Series from HJ-1A/B Data

  • Shuyuan Liu,
  • Xiangnan Liu,
  • Meiling Liu,
  • Ling Wu,
  • Chao Ding and
  • Zhi Huang

30 May 2017

An effective method to monitor heavy metal stress in crops is of critical importance to assure agricultural production and food security. Phenology, as a sensitive indicator of environmental change, can respond to heavy metal stress in crops and remo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,620 Views
24 Pages

Valorization of Tagetes erecta L. Leaves to Obtain Polyphenol-Rich Extracts: Impact of Fertilization Practice, Phenological Plant Stage, and Extraction Strategy

  • Narda Mejía-Resendiz,
  • Martha-Estrella García-Pérez,
  • Gina Rosalinda De Nicola,
  • Noé Aguilar-Rivera,
  • Emma-Gloria Ramos-Ramírez,
  • María Galindo,
  • Miguel Avalos-Viveros and
  • José-Juan Virgen-Ortiz

13 June 2025

Tagetes erecta L. is an ornamental crop known for its medicinal qualities. Large amounts of waste are produced in the commercial usage of T. erecta flowers, including leaves that could be used to develop new eco-friendly phenolic extracts with additi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,555 Views
22 Pages

21 December 2022

It is important to develop or validate remote sensing methods to explore agricultural management and food self-sufficiency in the agricultural areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under the influence of global change, ecological protection, and s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,197 Views
20 Pages

30 April 2025

Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) serves as a crucial quantitative indicator that reflects the carbon sequestration capacity of forests, and accurately mapping AGB is pivotal for assessing forest ecosystem stability. However, mapping AGB in subtropica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,007 Views
18 Pages

18 August 2022

The timely and accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of grasslands is crucial for maintaining grassland habitats and ensuring the sustainable utilization of resources. We used Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Sentinel-2 data for mountain grasslan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
72 Citations
11,477 Views
18 Pages

Bioactive Compounds in Wild Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Leaves and Stalks: Polyphenols and Pigments upon Seasonal and Habitat Variations

  • Maja Repajić,
  • Ena Cegledi,
  • Zoran Zorić,
  • Sandra Pedisić,
  • Ivona Elez Garofulić,
  • Sanja Radman,
  • Igor Palčić and
  • Verica Dragović-Uzelac

18 January 2021

This study evaluated the presence of bioactives in wild nettle leaves and stalks during the phenological stage and in the context of natural habitat diversity. Thus, wild nettle samples collected before flowering, during flowering and after flowering...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,373 Views
40 Pages

Identifying Crop Growth Stages from Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Data in Maize and Winter Wheat from Ground and Satellite Measurements

  • Yuqing Hou,
  • Yunfei Wu,
  • Linsheng Wu,
  • Lei Pei,
  • Zhaoying Zhang,
  • Dawei Ding,
  • Guangshuai Wang,
  • Zhongyang Li and
  • Yongguang Zhang

11 December 2023

Crop growth stages are integral components of plant phenology and are of significant ecological and agricultural importance. While the use of remote sensing methods for phenology identification in cropland ecosystems has been extensively explored in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,857 Views
17 Pages

Role of the Green Husks of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)—A Review

  • Laurine Kithi,
  • Éva Lengyel-Kónya,
  • Mária Berki and
  • Géza Bujdosó

Green husks are the outer layer of walnut fruits. They form part of the agro-residues discarded away upon nut maturity in the walnut industry. Although it is not used, research studies show that green husk is a rich source of natural bioactive phytoc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,212 Views
13 Pages

Irrigation Effects on Volatile Profile and Essential Oil Yield of Guayule During Flowering

  • Emilio José González-Navarro,
  • Maria de las Mercedes García-Martínez,
  • María Engracia Carrión Jiménez,
  • Manuel Carmona and
  • Amaya Zalacain

21 November 2024

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) has the potential to be an alternative source of rubber if its co-products can be exploited on an industrial scale. Among the co-products that have garnered interest are the essential oils (EOs), which can reac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,407 Views
19 Pages

Monitoring Autumn Phenology in Understory Plants with a Fine-Resolution Camera

  • Huanhuan Yuan,
  • Jianliang Zhang,
  • Haonan Zhang,
  • Wanggu Xu,
  • Jie Peng,
  • Xiaoyue Wang,
  • Peng Chen,
  • Pinghao Li,
  • Fei Lu and
  • Zhi Wang
  • + 1 author

15 March 2025

Autumn phenology plays a crucial role in shaping the capacity for carbon sequestration. However, understories, a vital yet often neglected ecosystem component, have complicated autumn phenology prediction. We address the challenge of monitoring under...

  • Article
  • Open Access
959 Views
33 Pages

16 September 2025

This study conducted field experiments in 2024 in Meidaizhao Town, Tumed Right Banner, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, adopting a plant-level sampling design with 10 maize plots selected as sampling areas (20 plants per plot). At four...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,498 Views
20 Pages

8 July 2023

Accurate determination of crop phenology information is essential for effective field management and decision-making processes. Remote sensing time series analyses are widely employed to extract the phenological stages. Each crop’s phenological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
635 Views
26 Pages

26 October 2025

Accurate phenological information is crucial for evaluating ecosystem dynamics and the carbon budget. As one of China’s largest terrestrial ecosystem carbon pools, Southwest China plays a significant role in achieving the “dual carbon&rdq...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,780 Views
18 Pages

Determination of Key Phenological Phases of Winter Wheat Based on the Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm and MODIS Time-Series Data

  • Fa Zhao,
  • Guijun Yang,
  • Xiaodong Yang,
  • Haiyan Cen,
  • Yaohui Zhu,
  • Shaoyu Han,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Yong He and
  • Chunjiang Zhao

8 May 2021

Accurate determination of phenological information of crops is essential for field management and decision-making. Remote sensing time-series data are widely used for extracting phenological phases. Existing methods mainly extract phenological phases...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,483 Views
18 Pages

13 May 2025

Accurately extracting the phenology of maize, one of the three major staple crops, is crucial for assessing regional suitability under climate change, optimizing field management, predicting yield fluctuations, and ensuring food security. This study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,846 Views
24 Pages

Rice Phenology Retrieval Based on Growth Curve Simulation and Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Data

  • Bo Wang,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Qinghong Sheng,
  • Jun Li,
  • Jiahui Tao and
  • Zhijun Yan

30 June 2022

The accurate estimation and monitoring of phenology is necessary for modern agricultural industries. For crops with short phenology occurrence times, such as rice, Sentinel-1 can be used to effectively monitor the growth status in different phenology...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,665 Views
15 Pages

Phenological Changes and Driving Forces of Lake Ice in Central Asia from 2002 to 2020

  • Guanyu Hou,
  • Xiuliang Yuan,
  • Shixin Wu,
  • Xiaofei Ma,
  • Zihui Zhang,
  • Xingwen Cao,
  • Conghui Xie,
  • Qing Ling,
  • Weiyi Long and
  • Geping Luo

7 October 2022

Lake ice phenology is an indicator of past and present climate, it is sensitive to regional and global climate change. In the past few decades, the climate of Central Asia has changed significantly due to global warming and anthropogenic activities....

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,676 Views
17 Pages

16 November 2021

Machine learning (ML) can accelerate the extraction of phenological data from herbarium specimens; however, no studies have assessed whether ML-derived phenological data can be used reliably to evaluate ecological patterns. In this study, 709 herbari...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,113 Views
27 Pages

15 June 2025

Plant phenology is closely related to plant function, ecosystem services, and climate balance. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) offers new perspectives on plant phenology at regional and global scales. However, the effect of SIF products...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,788 Views
28 Pages

17 June 2022

Vegetation phenology is an important indicator of vegetation dynamics. The boreal forest ecosystem is the main part of terrestrial ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere and plays an important role in global carbon balance. In this study, the dynamic t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
353 Views
21 Pages

22 December 2025

Different approaches have been developed to assess the phenological dynamics of ecosystems. However, diverse data sources and extraction methods for assessing ecosystem phenology can result in discrepant and inaccurate results, especially across diff...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,621 Views
19 Pages

7 March 2023

Using Earth observation to accurately extract snow phenology changes is of great significance for deepening the understanding of the ecological environment and hydrological process, agricultural and animal husbandry production, and high-quality devel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,334 Views
19 Pages

Assessing the Effects of Time Interpolation of NDVI Composites on Phenology Trend Estimation

  • Xueying Li,
  • Wenquan Zhu,
  • Zhiying Xie,
  • Pei Zhan,
  • Xin Huang,
  • Lixin Sun and
  • Zheng Duan

10 December 2021

The accurate evaluation of shifts in vegetation phenology is essential for understanding of vegetation responses to climate change. Remote-sensing vegetation index (VI) products with multi-day scales have been widely used for phenology trend estimati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
91 Citations
9,275 Views
21 Pages

26 June 2021

With the increasing population and continuation of climate change, an adequate food supply is vital to economic development and social stability. Winter crops are important crop types in China. Changes in winter crops planting areas not only have a d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
14,828 Views
23 Pages

Mapping Bush Encroaching Species by Seasonal Differences in Hyperspectral Imagery

  • Jens Oldeland,
  • Wouter Dorigo,
  • Dirk Wesuls and
  • Norbert Jürgens

27 May 2010

Bush encroachment is a form of land degradation prominent worldwide, but particularly present in semi-arid areas. In this study, we mapped the spatial distribution of the two encroacher species, Acacia mellifera and Acacia reficiens,in Central Namibi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
8,202 Views
13 Pages

21 February 2019

Crop planting area mapping and phenology monitoring are of great importance to analyzing the impacts of climate change on agricultural production. In this study, crop planting area and phenology were identified based on Sentinel-1 backscatter time se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
80 Citations
10,905 Views
32 Pages

Using Near-Infrared-Enabled Digital Repeat Photography to Track Structural and Physiological Phenology in Mediterranean Tree–Grass Ecosystems

  • Yunpeng Luo,
  • Tarek S. El-Madany,
  • Gianluca Filippa,
  • Xuanlong Ma,
  • Bernhard Ahrens,
  • Arnaud Carrara,
  • Rosario Gonzalez-Cascon,
  • Edoardo Cremonese,
  • Marta Galvagno and
  • Mirco Migliavacca
  • + 8 authors

15 August 2018

Tree–grass ecosystems are widely distributed. However, their phenology has not yet been fully characterized. The technique of repeated digital photographs for plant phenology monitoring (hereafter referred as PhenoCam) provide opportunities for...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,395 Views
11 Pages

23 June 2022

Satellite-based vegetation datasets enable vegetation phenology detection at large scales, among which Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) are widely used proxies for detecting phenology from photosynthesi...

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