Astrocytes are crucial in the regulation of neurotransmitter homeostasis, and while their involvement in the dopamine (DA) tripartite synapse is acknowledged, it necessitates a more comprehensive investigation. In the present study, experiments were...
For many decades, neurons have been the central focus of studies on the mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative aspects of Down syndrome (DS). Astrocytes, which were once thought to have only a passive role, are now recogni...
It has been shown that propofol can induce widespread apoptosis in neonatal mouse brains followed by long-term cognitive dysfunction. However, selective brain area and cell vulnerability to propofol remains unknown. This study was aimed to dissect to...
A developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the influence of pathophysiological clues and injuries in the perinatal period. Astrocytes are among the first cells that react to insults against the nervous tissue, the presence of pathogens...
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ34 has recently been reported to increase cerebral blood flow, via the endothelial NO synthase, in the naive mouse brain throughout life. We addressed here the benefits of PJ34 after neonatal ischemia on he...
While arterial reflow after a stroke represents an important challenge for better outcomes, it is also very important that sudden recanalization does not produce local oxidative and nitrogen species, deleterious for the brain and more particularly th...
Already in newborns, the locus coeruleus (LC) controls multiple brain functions and may have a complex organization as in adults. Our findings in newborn rat brain slices indicate that LC neurons (i) generate at ~1 Hz a ~0.3 s-lasting local field pot...
The influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on brain development is inadequately understood. Since CBD is considered a non-intoxicating drug, it has attracted great interest concerning its potential medical applicability, including in pregnant women and child...
Defining the relationship between vascular development and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (Hifs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in the auditory brainstem is important to understand how tissue hypoxia caused by oxygen short...
In the neonate forebrain, network formation is driven by the spontaneous synchronized activity of pyramidal cells and interneurons, consisting of bursts of electrical activity and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. By employing ratiometric Na+ imaging...
Perinatal and neonatal ischemic stroke is a significant cause of cognitive and behavioral impairments. Further research is needed to support models of neonatal ischemic stroke and advance our understanding of the mechanisms of infarction formation fo...
Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy via alternating current stimulation on the scalp over the motor cortex is used for the treatment of brain disorders. Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), a brain injury in newborns, leads to long-term neurologic complicati...
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the development of the nervous system and neurodegenerative disorders implies a necessary knowledge of the oxidative metabolism of proliferating astrocytes. The electron flux through mitochondrial respiratory c...
Background/Objectives: The cerebral cortex is critical for neurological functions that are strongly affected by the aging process. Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining neurotransmitter balance and regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory...
In this study, we investigated the effects of minocycline, a putative suppressor of microglial activation, on systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced spinal cord inflammation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia in neonatal rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) inj...
Hypoxic ischemic injury to the fetal and neonatal brain is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although animal and culture studies suggest that glutamate excitotoxicity is a primary contributor to neuronal death following hypoxia, the...
Astrocytes, which proliferate after brain injury, represent a promising target for cellular reprogramming due to their abundance and ability to support brain repair. In this study, we investigated the in vitro reprogramming of primary cortical astroc...
The aim of this study was to investigate NAD+/NADH redox regulation in astrocytes by Ginsenoside Rb1 subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of ginseng. Neonatal mouse brain was...
Monocrotaline (MCT) has well-characterized hepatotoxic and pneumotoxic effects attributed to its active pyrrole metabolites. Studies have previously shown that astrocytes and neurons are targets of MCT, and that toxicity is attributed to astrocyte P4...
Abnormal cannabidiol (abn-CBD) exerts neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the impact of abn-CBD on the glial production of proinflammatory mediators and scar formation within in vitro models. Primary as...
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of agathisflavone on central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glia in the cerebellar slice ex vivo model of...
Both basic and preclinical research, as well as the development of new therapies, require tools that allow for the selective labelling of specific cell types and the targeted delivery of drugs. The developed tools must then be validated in biological...
The activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to neuroinflammation and contribute to many neurological disorders, including autoimmune diseases. Cell culture models are powerful tools for studying specific...
Inflammatory activation of astroglia adds to the pathology of various neurological diseases. Astrocytes respond to microglia-derived cytokines such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α) with enhanced inflammatory signaling. This provokes pro-inflamma...
Exposure to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insults in newborns can predispose them to severe neurological sequela. The mechanisms underlying HI-related brain injury have not been completely elucidated. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a composite of structures...
Escherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Recruitment of neutrophils to the central nervous system (CNS) via local immune response plays a critical role in defense against E. coli K1 infection; however, the mechanism un...
Ethanol induces neurodegeneration in the developing brain, which may partially explain the long-lasting adverse effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). While animal models of FASD show that ethanol-induced neu...
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that perinatal infection with various viral pathogens enhances the risk for several psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiological significance of astrocyte interactions with neurons and/or gut microbiomes...
Antenatal inflammation/infection is a major cause of neonatal apnoea and hypoventilation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key inflammatory mediator associated with depression of fetal and neonatal breathing. We aimed to determine whether antenatal ibupr...
The central nervous system is highly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation during the neonatal period, leading to long-term neurological damage. Growth hormone (GH) has shown neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in response to hypoxic injury. Thi...
Preterm infants often experience intermittent hypoxia (IH) with resolution in room air (RA) or hyperoxia (Hx) between events. Hypoxia is a major inducer of vascular endothelial growth factor, which plays a key role in normal and aberrant retinal angi...
We have previously demonstrated that Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, swelling of astrocytes end-feet and fluid permeation into brain interstitium in rats. Caveolae and water channels respond to BBB alter...
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating disease in preterm infants concurrent with neurodevelopmental disorders. Chronic hyperoxia exposure might also cause brain injury, but the evidence was insufficient. Methods: Neonatal C5...
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy (HIE) in term newborns is a leading cause of mortality and chronic disability. Hypothermia (HT) is the only clinically available therapeutic intervention; however, its neuroprotective effects are limited....
Νeuronal and glial cells play an important role in the development of vasculature in the retina. In this study, we investigated whether re-vascularization occurs in retinal neurodegenerative injury models. To induce retinal injury, N-methyl-D-aspa...
Cell culture conditions were proven to highly affect crucial biological processes like proliferation, differentiation, intercellular crosstalk, and senescence. Oxygen tension is one of the major factors influencing cell metabolism and thus, modulatin...
The disruption of redox homeostasis and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of brain hypoxia–ischemia (HI); medicinal plants have been studied as a therapeutic strategy, generally associated with the prevention of oxidative...
The ‘gold standard’ treatment of severe neonatal jaundice is phototherapy with blue–green light, which produces more polar photo-oxidation products that are easily excreted via the bile or urine. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bi...
The neonatal period is critical for brain development and determinant for long-term brain trajectory. Yet, this time concurs with a sensitivity and risk for numerous brain injuries following perinatal complications such as preterm birth. Brain injury...
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are common inborn errors of metabolism, with an incidence of one in 30,000 births. They are caused by deficiencies in any of six enzymes and two carrier proteins, the most common being Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency...
Cerebral ischemia is a pathological condition characterized by complete blood and oxygen supply deprivation to neuronal tissue. The ischemic brain compensates for the rapid decline in ATP levels by increasing the anaerobic glycolysis rate, which lead...
Hypothermia (HT) is used clinically for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); however, the brain protection is incomplete and selective regional vulnerability and lifelong consequences remain. Refractory damage and impairment with HT...
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed in ependymal cells bordering the ventricles, the glia limitans, and pericapillary astrocyte endfeet forming the blood–brain barrier. The sporadic occurrence of obstructive congenital hydrocephalus (OH) has been o...
Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), a member of species A enterovirus, is associated with outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and causes a large nationwide burden of disease. However, the molecular pathogenesis of CVA6 remains unclear. In the present stud...
Prolonged neonatal febrile seizures (FSs) often lead to cognitive decline and increased risk of psychopathology in adulthood. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the long-term adverse effects of FSs remain unclear. In this study, we ex...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability all over the world. TBI leads to (1) an inflammatory response, (2) white matter injuries and (3) neurodegenerative pathologies in the long term. In humans, TBI occurs most often...
Microglia morphological studies have been limited to the process of reviewing the most common characteristics of a group of cells to conclude the likelihood of a “pathological” milieu. We have developed an Imaris-software-based analytical...
While significant progress has been made in understanding the heterogeneity of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs), our understanding of similar heterogeneity among the more abundant transit amplifying progenitors is lagging. Our work on the neural progenitors...
Pediatric stroke, a significant cause of long-term neurological deficits in children, often arises from disruptions within neurovascular unit (NVU) components. The NVU, a dynamic ensemble of astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and microglia, is...
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are multifunctional nanoparticles with tunable physicochemical features, making them promising candidates for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system (CNS). Systemically administered dendrimers have been...
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