13,076 Results Found

A theoretical model is presented for balancing an acceptable radon concentration in indoor air. The infiltration of radon from the ground to the indoor air can be controlled by barriers or by lowering the air pressure at the lower zone of the ground...

Aerosol pollutant particles indoors significantly affect public health. The conventional wisdom is that natural ventilation will alleviate the dispersion of airborne or aerosol particles. However, we show that the problem is far more complex and that...

This paper is framed in both 3D digitization and 3D data intelligent processing research fields. Our objective is focused on developing a set of techniques for the automatic creation of simple three-dimensional indoor models with mobile robots. The d...

Numerous compact tomato cultivars are available for home gardening. However, evaluations under different environmental conditions are limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the growth and productivity of 20 compact tomato cultivars grown...

Spatial relationships are crucial to spatial knowledge representation, such as positioning localities. However, minimal attention has been devoted to positioning localities indoors with locality description. Distance and direction relations are gener...

Indoor aerosol sources may significantly contribute to the daily dose of particles deposited into the human respiratory system. Therefore, it is important to characterize the aerosols deriving from the operations currently performed in an indoor envi...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and their related applications are now developing at a rapid pace. Indoor positioning will be one of the core technologies that enable AI applications because people spend 80% of their time indoors. Humans ca...

High-precision, low-cost, and wide coverage indoor positioning technology is the key to indoor and outdoor integrated location-based services, and it has broad market prospects and social value. However, achieving sub-meter level positioning accuracy...

This study examines the role of violet light (VL) in preventing myopia progression, addressing a critical need in urban environments where VL exposure is limited. Recent research suggests that VL, within the 360–400 nm wavelength range, may red...

Outdoor access for owned domestic cats (Felis catus) is a divisive issue. Cat safety, mental and physical wellbeing, infectious diseases, and wildlife depredation are cited as factors influencing owners; however, the degree of consideration each fact...

This study was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of airborne fine particles and indoor samples, obtained in the interiors of seven primary schools located along the Mediterranean coast in an area with an important indust...

Airborne transmission via aerosol particles without close human contact is a possible source of infection with airborne viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. Reducing this indirect infection risk, which is mostly present indoors, requires wearing...

Purpose: To study the association of parents’ reports about their children’s near work and outdoor habits with myopia in their children. Methods: Data from a questionnaire study conducted in 1983 among Finnish schoolchildren were reanalyz...

A pilot study of indoor air pollution produced by biomass cookstoves was conducted in 53 homes in Sri Lanka to assess respiratory conditions associated with stove type (“Anagi” or “Traditional”), kitchen characteristics (e.g., presence of a chimney i...

Recently indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a key issue, especially in schools, where children spend most of the day. Only in a few cases IAQ was investigated using lichens as biomonitors. During autumn 2017, lichens (Evernia prunastri) were exposed...

The analysis of existing information on physical activity and fitness as elements of health and well-being reveals that they are achieved particularly effectively in contact with nature. Physical education lessons outdoors, as a form of healthy train...

Lighting from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is one of the largest capital and operational expenses for indoor farms. While broad-waveband white LEDs are relatively inexpensive, their efficacy is lower than most narrow-band LEDs. This study aimed to de...

The creation of as-built Building Information Models requires the acquisition of the as-is state of existing buildings. Laser scanners are widely used to achieve this goal since they permit to collect information about object geometry in form of poin...

Indoor military operations play a vital part in modern urban warfare. Decision making in indoor operations is quite complicated due to the complex of the indoor spatial environment. However, the study of the characteristics and features of indoor ope...

The last 10 years have seen enormous technical progress in the field of indoor positioning and indoor navigation; yet, in contrast with outdoor well-established GNSS solutions, no technology exists that is cheap and accurate enough for the general ma...

With the recent progress in indoor spatial data modeling, indoor mapping and indoor positioning technologies, several spatial information services for indoor spaces have been provided like for outdoor spaces. In order to support interoperability betw...

With the continuous development of indoor positioning technology, various indoor applications, such as indoor navigation and emergency rescue, have gradually received widespread attention. Indoor navigation and emergency rescue require access to a va...

Indoor landmarks play a crucial role in the process of indoor positioning and route planning for pedestrians or unmanned devices. Indoor structural landmarks, a type of indoor landmarks, can provide rich steering and semantic descriptions for indoor...

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has a high-level of impact on one’s health and productivity. It is widely accepted that IEQ is composed of four categories: thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), visual comfort, and acoustic comfort. The...

Traditional indoor navigation algorithms generally only consider the geometrical information of indoor space. However, the environmental information and semantic parameters of a fire are also important for evacuation routing in the case of a fire. It...

People spend more than 80% of their time in indoor spaces, such as shopping malls and office buildings. Indoor trajectories collected by indoor positioning devices, such as WiFi and Bluetooth devices, can reflect human movement behaviors in indoor sp...

Geospatial data capture and handling of indoor spaces is increasing over the years and has had a varied history of data sources ranging from architectural and building drawings to indoor data acquisition approaches. While these have been more data fo...

Human beings experience a large fraction of their exposure to air pollutants in indoor environments. Air pollution is a large environmental health risk, and exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor air pollution contribute equally to the total nu...

The increasing complexity of modern buildings has challenged the mobility of people with disabilities (PWD) in the indoor environment. To help overcome this problem, this paper proposes a data model that can be easily applied to indoor spatial inform...

The article describes the results of the project “open source smart lamp” aimed at designing and developing a smart object able to manage and control the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of the built environment. A first version of this smart objec...

Over the last years, a rapid evolution of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usage in various applications has been observed. Their use in indoor environments requires a precise perception of the surrounding area, immediate response to its changes, and, c...

The demand for location-based services (LBS) in large indoor spaces, such as airports, shopping malls, museums and libraries, has been increasing in recent years. However, there is still no fully applicable solution for indoor positioning and navigat...

Due to recent industrial developments and the COVID-19 pandemic, people are spending more time indoors. Consequently, many researchers have focused on the indoor environment, and indoor air quality is considered more important for human health. Impro...

In this paper, we propose a method that uses low-resolution infrared (IR) array sensors to identify the presence and location of people indoors. In the first step, we introduce a method that uses 32 × 24 pixels IR array sensors and relies on de...

The article describes the results of the project “open source Smart lamp” aimed at designing and developing a smart object able to manage and control the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) of the built environment. A first version of this smart objec...

Knowledge on indoor air pollution exposure is limited. Collecting high-quality measurements in home environments is challenging, owing to the complexity of sampling options, the cost and limiting disturbance to occupants. The protocol developed for t...

Indoor navigation systems have recently become a popular research field due to the lack of GPS signals indoors. Several indoors navigation systems have already been proposed in order to eliminate deficiencies; however each of them has several technic...

Bacopa monnieri, a cognitive-enhancing herb crucial in health supplements, faces quality variations and contamination by toxic substances in conventional field cultivation, which hinders industrial use. Here, indoor cultivation of diploid (2x) and te...

Accurate detection of locations of indoor high-density crowds is crucial for early warning and emergency rescue during indoor safety accidents. The spatial structure of indoor environments is more complicated than outdoor environments. The locations...

Accurate and fast indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) is very important for daily life and emergency response. Indoor map is the basis of indoor LBS. The model construction and data organization of indoor map are the key scientific problems that urg...

Biomonitoring in indoor environments is a recent application, and so far, indoor air quality (IAQ) has been investigated only in a few cases using photosynthesising biomonitors. On the whole, 22 studies have been selected and reviewed, being specific...

Accurate radio frequency (RF)-based indoor localization systems are more and more applied during sports. The most accurate RF-based localization systems use ultra-wideband (UWB) technology; this is why this technology is the most prevalent. UWB posit...

The effect of students’ psychosocial problems on their reporting of indoor air quality (subjective IAQ) and indoor air-related (IA-related) symptoms has not been studied in schools in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, we analyzed whether chang...

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Geography Markup Language (GML) standard provides basic types and a framework for defining geo-informational data models such as CityGML and IndoorGML, which provide standard information models for 3D city modelli...

The rapid development of indoor localization techniques such as Wi-Fi and RFID makes it possible to obtain users’ position-tracking data in indoor space. Indoor position-tracking data, also known as indoor moving trajectories, offer many new op...

Technologies and systems for indoor positioning, mapping, and navigation (IPMN) have rapidly developed over the latest decade due to advanced radio and light communications, the internet of things, intelligent and smart devices, big data, and so fort...

In recent years, there is a growing interest in indoor positioning due to the increasing amount of applications that employ position data. Current approaches determining the location of objects in indoor environments are facing problems with the accu...

As indoor space becomes more important in our daily life, the demand to build digital twins for indoor spaces is increasing accordingly. The properties of indoor spaces, however, differ from those of outdoor spaces, and we need to apply different app...

An indoor climate impacts human comfort, well-being, and safety. Therefore, it remains an important topic since, nowadays, people spend a significant amount of time indoors. Additionally, as tropical geographical zones become more populated, urbanise...

Indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is important since people spend most of their time indoors. However, knowledge of the spatiotemporal variations of indoor PM2.5 concentrations within a city is limited. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribu...