In this experimental study, the mechanical and adhesion properties of several hydraulic lime mortars incorporating graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials were evaluated. Four different composite mortar samples were prepared by adding different perce...
This paper investigates the effects of the partial replacement of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) with waste glass powder (GP) on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of NHL mortars. In the experimental study, five mixtures containin...
Masonry structures are susceptible to damage and collapse due to seismic actions, a problem in many urban areas. To address this issue, researchers are studying the use of fibre-reinforced mortars as overlay strengthening systems. This study assessed...
The study evaluated the impact of graphene powders used as additives in the recipe of the experimental lime mortar to a mixture ratio of 1:2.5 of NHL3.5 hydraulic lime:fine sand. The content of binder, aggregate and water was kept constant, varying o...
This paper aims to propose and characterize a sustainable hydraulic mortar entirely obtained by the reuse of waste materials, with marble slurry coming from quarries in the north-western Sicily and glass powder coming from a waste collection plant in...
Mortar that is typically employed for interior or exterior coatings can be characterised using laboratory-prepared specimens according to specific test standards; however, its performance undergoes changes following application on substrates. When se...
Hydraulic fracturing may be induced easily in a cement-based structure in a sulfate-rich environment, which threatens engineering safety. In order to investigate the evolution of critical water pressure, a series of hydraulic fracturing tests and spl...
This study investigates the enhancement of hydraulic lime mortar (HLM) using varying contents of metakaolin (MK) to improve its application in the restoration of historic buildings. Samples from historic structures were analyzed, and the effects of d...
NHL mortars are known to be compatible materials for the conservation of architectural heritage. To improve their properties with regard to salt resistance and lower their carbon footprint, NHL-based mortars with salt inhibitor agents were studied an...
This work investigates the effects of substituting natural sand with excavated soil sand in the formulation of hydraulic mortar developed from a self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four excavated soil sand deposits were studied to assess their physicoche...
Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as a building material has been widely used to restore the historic structure. However, the slow growth rate of strength and durability limits its engineering application. In this work, the NHL-based mortars were pretreat...
This study illustrates the results of minero-petrographic and microchemical investigations of artificial stone materials (mortars, plasters, and bricks) taken from the Theatrum Marcelli (Rome, Italy). To achieve this objective, the artificial buildin...
The manufacturing technology of historical mortars from the Roman to Medieval period apparently has not undergone evolutions. As reported in the literature, a quality decrease in the raw material occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire. During th...
Samples of mortars were collected from lime and hydraulic mortars affected by environmental degradation. A total of 63 samples were obtained from Hellenistic, Late Roman and Byzantine historic constructions located at Kavala, Drama and Makrygialos in...
The re-valorisation of oyster-shell waste offers a sustainable pathway for producing eco-efficient construction materials. This study investigates the physical, mechanical, and durability performance of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortars incorporat...
Various powders of graphene oxide (GO), GO with silver (GO-Ag) and zinc oxide (GO-ZnO) were obtained. The powders were silanized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) aiming to be used, in a future stage, as additives in the hydraulic lime mor...
Mortars from the cistern in Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to assess the mortar manufacturing process and application techniques. To this end, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray flu...
Mortars taken from the 16th century Venetian Fortress of Bergamo (Italy) were characterized (binder-concentrated fractions and aggregate fractions as well as bulk samples) with a multi-analytical approach using X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively co...
Masonry walls comprise an important part of the building envelope and, thus, are exposed to environmental effects such as temperature and moisture variations. However, structural assessment usually neglects the influence of these hygro-thermal loads...
This paper aims to carry out an archaeometric characterization of mortar samples taken from an underwater environment. The fishpond of the archaeological site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy) was chosen as a pilot site for experimentat...
This work proposes sustainability criteria for the selection or design of restoration mortars based on their physical and mechanical properties, durability, price in the French market, and the environmental impact estimated by the global warming pote...
The use of lime as a binder in masonry lining mortars plays an important role in its conservation and durability. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of pre-existing and restoration mortars is essential in order to guarantee the compatibility...
The use of recycled burnt clay brick sand (RBS) and recycled concrete sand (RCS) in historical lime-based repair mortars can reduce the environmental impact caused by construction and demolition waste disposal. This study examined the use of fine rec...
Rendering mortars with lightweight zeolite aggregates were designed and tested. The effect of the type of binder used was also researched. For the hardened mortars, macrostructural parameters, mechanical characteristics, hygric and thermal properties...
This research is based on the characterization of ancient mortars from the Anfiteatro Flavio (Pozzuoli) dating back to the 1st and 2nd century CE through a multi-analytical approach involving macroscopic, mineralogical, petrographic, and chemical inv...
One of the most common revetment types in Germany is the mortar-grouted riprap revetment (MGRR), which is constructed by placing riprap on a filter or separation layer and subsequent grouting with mortar. Existing technical standards and guidelines f...
Coatings and plasters are an integral part of masonry cladding, having a fundamental protective and aesthetic function. They are exposed to numerous aggressive actions, which produce their degradation over time. The utilization of lime, as a binder i...
Eco-sustainable, low toxic and low flammable poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) was forced into flakes of the porous Lecce stone (LS), collected as stone cutting wastes, employing a very simple cheap method, to produce a “form-stable” phase chang...
The topic of this study is the archaeometric characterization of mortars from Villa del Pezzolo, a Roman Villa located in Seiano (Napoli-Campania, Italy), dated between the 1st century B.C. and the 3rd century A.D. Mortars were analyzed by means of a...
Anthropogenic carbonates are pyrotechnological products composed of calcium carbonate, and include wood ash, lime plaster/mortar, and hydraulic mortar. These synthetic materials are among the first produced by humans, and greatly influenced their bio...
Increasing concerns about climate change and global warming bring about technical steps for the development of several energy-efficient technologies. Since the building sector is one of the largest energy users for cooling and heating necessities, th...
The layer bonding performance of hydraulic engineered cementitious composites (HECCs) plays an important role in their application in hydraulic buildings. This performance encompasses the bonding between layers of HECCs, as well as between HECCs and...
The wave run-up height is a crucial design parameter that determines the crest height of a sea dike and is used for estimating the number of overtopping waves. Therefore, a reduction of the wave run-up height is generally aspired in the design of dik...
Plasters have covered wide surface areas of buildings since antiquity, with a main purpose of indoor protection of the substrate on which they are applied. When no longer functional, they might require substitution with solutions that can combine com...
Due to routine maintenance of aircraft on the concrete pavement at army airbases, a large part of the pavement surface is often found saturated with different hydrocarbon-based oil, fuel, and fluid. In addition, the pavement concrete is subjected to...
Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) can be used as an inorganic cementitious material, as it exhibits low shrinkage, salt-alkali resistance, moderate strength, and good durability with cultural relics. There has been increasing interest in NHL, as it is con...
Magnesium slag (MS) is a solid by-product during magnesium production using the Pidgeon process. Around 5–6 million tons of magnesium slag was produced in China in 2023, which accounted for 83% of the total disposal of magnesium slag worldwide....
In recent years, lime mortars mixed with artificial or natural pozzolans are commonly used in restoration applications. The aim of this work is the assessment of carbonation, pozzolanic reaction, setting time, and mechanical properties of metakaolin&...
The Church of Panaghia Krena is a very important Byzantine monument situated in the island of Chios, well-known due to the high aesthetic value of the ceramic tile decoration on its facades and of its frescoes. The church suffered severe damage espec...
Lime-based mortars, frequently used in historic structures, are classified as hydraulic and non-hydraulic according to how they gain strength. In the past, various methods were used to improve the strength and durability properties of lime-based hydr...
The conservation-restoration interventions at historical monuments in Romania require [...]
A mixture of hydraulic lime and pozzolanic material can be used as a binder in making concrete and mortar for energy-efficient construction purposes. Generally, lime possesses lower strength and higher setting time. By introducing pozzolans in the li...
The construction sector is currently challenged by environmental concerns, reducing energy consumption, and optimising the use of raw materials, hence the need to use new technologies and materials that have a better lifecycle performance. Recycling...
This study explored the effect of compounding artificial hydraulic lime and silica fume for use as a sandstone grotto patching material. Different proportions of silica fume were added to hydraulic lime in lab tests, and their effects on the mortar&r...
The correct choice of pointing mortar is considered crucial to the conservation of historic masonry. A proliferation of cement and eminently hydraulic lime mortars since the late 19th century has accelerated the deterioration of built cultural herita...
The subject matter of the work presented here is the development and evaluation of novel lightweight mortars that meet the functional and technical criteria imposed on repair mortars. In a broad experimental campaign, lime, natural hydraulic lime, an...
This paper presents an experimental study on use of hot-melt polyamide (HMP) to prepare mortar specimens with improved crack healing and engineering properties. The role of HMP in the crack repairing of cement mortar subjected to several rounds of he...
In this paper, crushed lava granulate was used as full silica sand replacement in composition of repair mortars based on hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, or cement-lime binder. Lava granules were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X...
This paper deals with the “modern” plaster mortars based on air lime, hydraulic lime, and cement used between the 1950s and 1990s of the last century, taking, as a case study, a historical building of the Cagliari city whose foundations a...
Renewables-based power grid expansion has increased the use of wood biomass as a low-carbon fuel, resulting in the generation of predominantly inorganic wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste during biomass combustion. The conservation of historically valua...
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