4,627 Results Found

This study examined three different approaches to reduce the heating cost while maintaining indoor thermal comfort at acceptable levels in an educational office building, including decentralized (DDRC) and centralized demand response control (CDRR) a...

Using an integrated demand-supply optimization model, this work investigates the potential for flexible space heating demand, i.e., demand response (DR), in buildings, as well as its effects on the heating demand and the operation of a district heati...

This article presents the field test of the developed demand response system installed in the central heating systems of existing apartment buildings. The buildings are occupied by students and located in Tampere, Finland, which is within the norther...

The construction industry is a key driver of environmental change due to its extensive use of resources and high emissions, thus significantly burdening global efforts towards sustainable development targets. A large portion of the environmental foot...

Demand response techniques can be effective at reducing heating costs for building owners. However, few studies have considered the dynamic marginal costs for district heating production and taken advantage of them for building-level demand response....

The energy demand in greenhouses is enormous, and high-performance covering materials and thermal screens with varying radiometric properties are used to optimise the energy demand in building energy simulations (BES). Transient System Simulation (TR...

Demand response has been noted as a major element of future smart energy systems. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the demand response actions in different conditions—including climate, dynamic energy price, and building types....

Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the limitations of electrical power and the heat load. Simulating a real CHP...

Demand side management can add flexibility to a district heating (DH) system by balancing the customer’s hourly fluctuating heat demand. The aim of this study is to analyze how different demand side management control strategies, implemented into dif...

This study evaluates the effects of pooling heat demands in a district for the purpose of upscaling heat production units by means of energy, exergy, economic, exergoeconomic, and environmental indicators, as well as the sensitivity to investment and...

Demand response has been studied in district heating connected buildings since the rollout of smart, communicating devices has made it cost-effective to control buildings’ energy consumption externally. This research investigates optimal demand...

Behaviour Demand Response (BDR) is an approach that enables the adaptation of operation of the district heating assets to dynamic market and capacity constraints by asking building occupants to participate and temporarily alter their demand profiles....

Extensive research demonstrates the importance of user practices in understanding variations in residential heating demand. Whereas previous studies have investigated variations in aggregated data, e.g., yearly heating consumption, the recent deploym...

With China’s socio-economic growth, the demand for enhanced residential comfort in northern urban areas has surged. Traditional district heating systems often fail to meet modern users’ diverse needs, leading to inefficiencies and signifi...

The urban heat island (UHI) effect influences the heating and cooling (H&C) energy demand of buildings and should be taken into account in H&C energy demand simulations. To provide information about this effect, the PLANHEAT integrated tool&m...

Matching demand profile and solar irradiance availability is necessary to meet space heating and domestic hot water needs by means of an air-source heat pump and photovoltaic system in a single-family house. Demand-side management, with smart control...

Heat demand of a district heating network needs to be accurately predicted and managed to reduce consumption and emissions. Detailed thermal parameters are essential for predictions using physics-based energy models, but they are not always available...

Since the price for residential heat (RH) from district heating system in South Korea is regulated by the government rather than being freely determined in the market, it is difficult to estimate the demand function for RH properly using the distorte...

This study analyses data from natural gas combination boilers across a 6-year timeframe, exploring how demand for space heating and hot water have both changed over time, and highlights the impact of factors such as external temperature and the UK en...

The thermal influence of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) is not limited to periods of high temperature but persists throughout the year. The present study utilizes hourly data collected over a period of one year from a network of hygrothermal monitoring st...

There is currently a growing interest in lowering energy demand and, consequently, greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors. Several attempts by national governments to reduce energy demand are centered on the residential sector, since it accounts for...

This paper proposes a combined cooling, heating and electric power (CCHP) system based on demand side response. In order to improve the economy of the system, a two-stage optimal scheduling scheme is proposed with the goal of minimizing the total ope...

This paper examines the relationship between space heating energy efficiency and two related but distinct measures; greenhouse mitigation, and peak demand. The historic role of Melbourne’s space heating provides an opportunity to assess whether impro...

Mitigating carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector is a primary global goal. This paper compares different residential buildings in urban and rural regions of Hajdú-Bihar County (Hungary). Significant differences were found between urb...

The liberalization of the gas market has deeply affected the structure of the gas system. The change from a vertically integrated utility structure to a liberalized architecture has resulted in a new network asset where aggregators could play a key r...

Various methods can be used to reduce energy consumption in buildings. One of them is the tightening of energy requirements, which, like other methods, cannot result in a worsening of the indoor environmental quality. The article presents a study on...

In the present study, the feasibility to achieve localized induction heating and debonding of multi-material composite structures is assessed in testing coupons prepared by Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) and extrusion-based additive manufacturing (A...

District heating and cooling (DHC) is considered one of the most sustainable technologies to meet the heating and cooling demands of buildings in urban areas. The fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) concept, often referred to as amb...

Climate change has a major impact on the urban built environment, both with respect to the heating and cooling energy requirements, but also regarding the higher probability of confronting extreme events such as heatwaves. In parallel, the ongoing ur...

Implementation of new energy efficiency measures for the heating and building sectors is of utmost importance. Demand side management offers means to involve individual buildings in the optimization of the heat demand at city level to improve energy...

Energy performance certification is an important tool for the assessment and improvement of energy efficiency in buildings. In this context, estimating building energy demand also in a quick and reliable way, for different combinations of building fe...

This paper deals with climate change mitigation and addresses waste heat reuse as a measure which is until now considered only to a limited extent. The City of Vienna serves as a case study to explore potentials to improve the urban heat supply using...

The accurate prediction of building heat demand plays the critical role in refined management of heating, which is the basis for on-demand heating operation. This paper proposed a prediction model framework for building heat demand based on reinforce...

Nowadays, renewable energy sources are gaining importance, yet global energy demand is primarily met by burning fossil fuels. Fluctuations in fossil fuel availability, driven by geopolitical tensions, supply–demand changes, and natural disaster...

Globally, the heat sector has a major share in energy consumption and carbon emission footprint. To provide reliable mitigation options for space heating, domestic hot water, industrial process heat and biomass for cooking for the energy transition t...

This article presents a bottom-up approach for calculation of the useful heat demand for space heating and hot water preparation using geo-referenced datasets for buildings at the city level. This geographic information system (GIS) based approach wa...

With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation, there is a growing demand to use the inherent flexibility within buildings to absorb renewable related disruptions. Heat pumps play a particularly important role, as they ac...

Space and water heating for residential and commercial buildings amount to a third of the European Union’s total final energy consumption. Approximately 75% of the primary energy is still produced by burning fossil fuels, leading to high greenh...

District heating and cooling networks can pose the possibility of including a variety of renewable energy sources as well as waste heat into a district’s heat supply concept. Unfortunately, low demand densities as they increasingly occur throug...

The EU aims to become the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050. In order to meet this target, the integration of high shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in the energy system is of primary importance. Nevertheless, the large de...

The accurate prediction of heat demand in retrofitted residential buildings is crucial for optimizing energy consumption, minimizing unnecessary losses, and ensuring the efficient operation of heating systems, thereby contributing to significant ener...

In recent years, demand response programs (DRPs) have become an effective method of encouraging users to participate in energy system operations. The problem of optimal energy flow (OEF) is a complex challenge in multiple power systems. Accordingly,...

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environm...

Heat is a crucial input supplied in the form of steam or hot water to industrial production of South Korea. Estimating the demand function for heat in the manufacturing sector is all the more important a task in terms of policy because heat consumpti...

Demand response (DR) enhances building energy flexibility, but its application in hybrid heating systems with dynamic pricings remains underexplored. This study applied DR via heating setpoint adjustments based on dynamic electricity and district hea...

This paper proposes an emergency-based demand response (DR) controller of domestic heat pump (DHP) units based on an estimated frequency of the UK electricity in 2035. The normal pattern of DHP demand is adjusted to maintain system frequency within i...

Reducing the heat demand of existing buildings is an essential prerequisite for achieving a greenhouse gas-neutral energy supply. Numerous studies and open-source tools deal with heat demand mapping. It is not uncommon that estimated heat demands dev...

Heat demand of buildings and related CO₂ emissions caused by energy supply contribute to global climate change. Spatial data-based heat planning enables municipalities to reorganize local heating sectors towards efficient use of regional renewable en...

As cities and their population are subjected to climate change and urban heat islands, it is paramount to have the means to understand the local urban climate and propose mitigation measures, especially at neighbourhood, local and building scales. A...

Determining the demand for heat power for domestic hot water preparation is necessary to perform a building energy assessment. For this, we need to predict domestic hot water consumption. Considering the number of factors influencing domestic hot wat...