In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on s...
The continuously intensified pursuit to reduce emissions related to human activity and the increased competition in maritime sector calls for sustainable and well-planned solutions to conform with environmental constraints and maximize profit, respec...
In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous isolated systems, with power demands varying according to the type of ship: passenger or commercial. The power supply in modern ships is based on thermal engines-generators, which us...
The safety of shipping, energy consumption and environmental impact in ports and port channels is very critical. One of the most important elements in the provision of safe navigation, energy consumption and emissions generation is the depth of ports...
Maritime transportation is responsible for most global trade and is generally considered more environmentally efficient compared to other modes of transport, particularly for long-distance trade. With increasingly stringent emission regulations, howe...
With the development of global maritime trade, ship emissions pose an increasing threat to the global atmospheric environment, especially in international navigation waters and important port areas, where their impact on coastal air quality and ecosy...
Recent developments in power electronics, energy storage systems, and renewable energy; increased market demands for more efficient and cleaner electric power to meet stricter environmental regulations; and development in gigawatt (GW)-class DC (dire...
A large amount of cargo is transported between European and Southeast Asian countries. Ships sometimes take different routes when sailing between ports due to the best commercial speed; navigational, economical, and hydrometeorological conditions; an...
Increasingly restrictive environmental regulations for the maritime sector have led shipping companies to look for technological alternatives to reduce emissions. This article introduces a methodology to analyse emission reductions of ships in port b...
This study investigates methods for reducing air pollution in the shipping sector, particularly in port areas. The study examines the use of fuel cells as an alternative to diesel generators. Environmental pollution at ports remains a critical issue,...
Hybrid propulsion and using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the alternative fuel have been applied on automobiles and some small ships, but research investigating the fuel consumption and emissions over the total voyage of ocean-going cargo ships with...
To achieve environmental sustainability on ships, stakeholders should make efforts to reduce emissions. Port authorities are crucial to attain this goal by introducing new policies. This study takes the Port of Long Beach as an example to assess port...
In this study, real voyage data and ship specifications of a general cargo ship are employed, and it is assumed that diesel generators are replaced with hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The effect of the replacement on CO2, NOX, SOX, and...
The global shipping industry facilitates the movement of approximately 80% of goods across the world but accounts for nearly 3% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions every year, and other pollutants. One challenge in reducing shipping emissions is...
Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III r...
All-electric ships, and especially the hybrid ones with diesel generators and batteries, have attracted the attention of maritime industry in the last years due to their less emission and higher efficiency. The variant emission policies in different...
Even though cold ironing is not a new technology applied to reduce the impact of emissions from ships at berth, commonly used arrangements for shore-side power substations only allow a unidirectional power flow, from port to ship side. Although these...
This study analyzes greenhouse gas emissions from ships visiting European ports between 2020 and 2023, utilizing data from the EU Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (EU-MRV) system. It examines the impact of the FuelEU Maritime Regulation on fou...
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) proposed to reduce the total CO2 emissions of the maritime sector by 50% by 2050, and strive to gradually achieve the zero-carbon target. Therefore, shipping companies need to consider environmental impac...
In this paper, a hybrid ship powered by diesel generator sets and power batteries in series is considered. By analyzing the characteristics of hybrid ship cycle operating conditions, the load power of the hybrid ship under load uncertainty is firstly...
Pollution caused by ship emissions has drawn attention from various countries. Because of the high density of ships in ports, channels, and anchorages and their proximity to the densely populated areas, ship emissions will considerably impact these a...
Sustainable transport is gaining increasing importance in the political agenda. All modes of transport are obliged to reduce their emissions by both national and international governmental bodies, this requirement being even more necessary in the cas...
With the continuous growth of international maritime trade, black carbon (BC) emissions from ships have caused great harm to the natural environment and human health. Controlling the BC emissions from ships is of positive significance for Earth&rsquo...
A new energy ship is being developed to address energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. New energy ships feature low operational costs and zero emissions. This study discusses the characteristics and development of solar-powered ships, wind-po...
Turning ships in port turning basins is an important and responsible operation, mainly involving the ship itself and the port tugboats. Such operations involve many maneuvers that consume a lot of energy (fuel) and emit a lot of emissions. Turning ba...
Seaports, as major transportation hubs, generate significant air pollution due to intensive ship traffic, directly affecting local air quality. While emission inventories are commonly used to manage ship-based air pollution, they reflect only the emi...
Unprecedented socioeconomic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted shipping. We combined ferry CO2 emissions in Europe (from the EU-MRV) with port call data and vessel parameters, and analysed them using mixed-effects linear models with int...
The main objective of this paper is to select the optimal configuration of a ship’s power system, considering the use of fuel cells and batteries, that would achieve the lowest CO2 emissions also taking into consideration the number of battery...
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced as a regulatory tool employed at the ship design phase to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase the vessel’s operational efficiency. Although it stimulated the greening o...
Emissions of maritime transport have been a critical research topic with the substantial growth in the global shipping industry, encompassing both the expansion of the world fleet and the increased distances it has been covering recently. The Interna...
Concerns about harmful exhaust emissions from ships have been an issue. Specifically, the emissions at ports are the most serious. This paper introduces a hybrid power system that combines conventional diesel generators with two different energy stor...
Ocean-going ships are one of the primary sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Several actions are being taken to reduce the GHG emissions from maritime vessels, and integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is one of them. Ocean-going mari...
This study examines the emissions generated by a tall ship of 81.36 m length under various operating conditions, focusing particularly on carbon dioxide emissions at different navigation speeds. The main purpose of the paper is to establish theoretic...
Though inland ships account for a small portion of the total global CO2 emissions from shipping, from the individual country’s economic and environmental perspective, this is very important. To reduce CO2 emissions from sea-going ships by incre...
The present work develops a multidisciplinary approach for evaluating the air pollution and economic impact from ships operating in the port of Varna. The work collects and analyses automatic identification system (AIS) data of the arriving and queui...
The need for technological development to reduce the impact of air pollution caused by ships has been strongly emphasized by many authorities, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This has encouraged research to develop an electri...
Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the most critical worldwide concerns, and multiple efforts are being proposed to reduce these emissions. Shipping represents around 2% of global CO 2 emissions. Since ship power systems have a high dependen...
Nowadays, maritime air pollution is regarded as a severe threat to coastal communities’ health. Therefore, many policies to reduce air pollution have been established worldwide. Moreover, there has been a shift in policy and research attention...
This research investigates the application of photovoltaic (PV) systems on ship retrofits with the aim of reducing the emission of harmful gases. By using renewable energy resources, this research presents the potential for reducing greenhouse gas (G...
Current efforts by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to decarbonize the shipping sector have gained momentum, although the exact path to achieve this goal is currently unclear. However, it can be safely assumed that alternative cleaner an...
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and European Union (EU) have set targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Focusing on ships above 5000 GT, their measures exclude several ship types, such as fishing vessels, offshore ships, and...
In this study, we investigate the air quality improvement effect in Busan, the largest port city in South Korea, caused by the implementation of International Maritime Organization (IMO) sulfur regulations. Currently, the Korean government is struggl...
Berthing operation heterogeneity across ship types causes significant uncertainty in assessing port congestion and carbon emissions over comparable timeframes. This study quantifies in-port emission dynamics for four cargo ship types (container, liqu...
Energy management strategy is a key technology of hybrid power ships. In recent years, renewable energy ship technologies have become a popular research field and one promising development direction to realize reasonable utilization of energy resourc...
Shipping is a vital component of global trade. However, shipping activities have negative environmental impacts, including emissions to air and water. The Baltic Sea is severely affected by eutrophication, mainly due to nutrient inputs, especially ni...
Black carbon, a short-lived climate forcer, has the dual impact of intensifying global warming and polluting the atmosphere. The further opening of Arctic shipping routes has resulted in a severe issue of black carbon emissions in this fragile region...
PM2.5 concentrations in major port cities in the Republic of Korea, such as Incheon and Busan, are as serious as those in land-based metropolises, such as Seoul, and fine dust generated in port cities is mainly emitted from ships. To identify the spe...
Greenhouse gas emissions from ships are estimated to be approximately 1002 million tons per year; this is the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emission source among nonroad transportation. Previous studies have generally estimated CO2 emissions using fue...
In recent years, the International Maritime Organization agreed on aiming to reduce shipping’s greenhouse gas emissions by 50% with respect to 2009 levels. Meanwhile, cruise ship tourism is growing at a fast pace, making the challenge of achiev...
This study investigates the configuration of an energy storage system (ESS) and the optimization of energy management strategies for diesel-electric hybrid ships, with the goal of enhancing fuel economy and reducing emissions. An integrated mathemati...
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