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3,741 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,783 Views
16 Pages

25 July 2024

This study aims to elucidate the implications of carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets on corridor logistics, with a focus on the burgeoning high-speed rail express sector. Acknowledging carbon emissions taxation as an integral component of trans...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,014 Views
17 Pages

16 June 2025

This study investigates the economic operation of integrated energy systems under uncertainty, aiming to boost operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness while reducing carbon emissions. Unlike existing methods that either ignore the demand respon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,637 Views
18 Pages

25 August 2020

Afforestation and reforestation (AR) is an important component of China’s Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Voluntary Emission Reduction Program, acting as a valuable nationwide carbon sink. Although a number of studies have explored the costs of creating...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,437 Views
17 Pages

The Effects of Carbon Emissions and Agency Costs on Firm Performance

  • Muhammad Nurul Houqe,
  • Solomon Opare,
  • Muhammad Kaleem Zahir-ul-Hassan and
  • Kamran Ahmed

Carbon emissions and agency costs can have an impact on firms’ financial performance. However, limited attention has been paid to the combined and gradual effects of these two factors on firms’ performance. We explore the separate and com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,022 Views
14 Pages

20 October 2022

Bridges are special infrastructures that emit large amounts of carbon dioxide from construction. Attention should be given to the carbon cost generated by the bridge, which includes its direct economic cost; the carbon cost is the largest driving for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,273 Views
16 Pages

30 December 2022

The construction industry is a high-energy-consumption industry. Nearly 40% of global carbon emissions derive from the construction industry. Prefabricated assembly technology is an effective means of carbon emission reduction, but the incremental co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,894 Views
26 Pages

13 August 2018

Due to growing awareness about environmental issues, consumers are becoming more likely to purchase environmentally friendly products that involve lower carbon emissions (CE). Environmental regulations are being enforced and lower-carbon products are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,833 Views
28 Pages

Research on Multi-Channel Supply Chain Decisions Considering Carbon Emission Cost and Consumer Loyalty

  • Haodong Chen,
  • Hengyi Zhang,
  • Eias Al Humdan,
  • Mohammed Alharithi and
  • Yu Gong

11 July 2023

Considering carbon emission cost and consumer loyalty, this paper establishes a three-level multi-channel supply chain composed of the leading manufacturer, the retailer, and the consumer and builds a multi-channel supply chain with centralized decis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,581 Views
23 Pages

Modeling Method for Cost and Carbon Emission of Sheep Transportation Based on Path Optimization

  • Mengjie Zhang,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Huanhuan Feng,
  • Luwei Zhang,
  • Xiaoshuan Zhang and
  • Jun Li

22 January 2020

Energy conservation, cost, and emission reduction are the research topics of most concern today. The aim of this paper is to reduce the cost and carbon emissions and improve the sustainable development of sheep transportation. Under the typical case...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,084 Views
30 Pages

2 November 2025

A central sustainability question is how the digital economy helps societies decarbonize at lower cost. We develop a carbon-market-consistent framework to show how digitalization can strengthen market governance, reduce regional carbon-abatement cost...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,239 Views
18 Pages

27 March 2015

The REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism allows carbon sinks to be used as carbon credits in order to offset emissions from other sources. However, this practice has raised a number of issues relating to finan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,584 Views
27 Pages

31 October 2024

This paper presents a mathematical approach to analyzing carbon abatement costs and the allocation of carbon emission allowances in China’s industrial sectors. We utilize input–output data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2009 and 2018 t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
685 Views
28 Pages

8 April 2025

This study investigates the dynamic carbon emission reduction strategies in a three-tier cold chain supply system consisting of producer, third-party logistics (TPL) provider, and retailer. Using differential game theory, it explores the emission red...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
5,923 Views
32 Pages

Motivated by the industrial practices, this work explores the carbon emission reductions for the manufacturer, while taking into account the capital constraint and the cap-and-trade regulation. To alleviate the capital constraint, two contracts are a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,931 Views
19 Pages

In this study, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to minimize the cost and carbon emissions of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) dual-fuel ship for a given route. This study considered the regulations of emission control areas (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,340 Views
21 Pages

12 July 2023

This study aims to investigate the dynamic correlations among carbon emission reduction, total cost savings, and asset investments in the industrial sector in China. This study uses the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model and the generalized met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
73 Citations
6,747 Views
33 Pages

20 March 2018

To study the cooperation of upstream and downstream enterprises of a supply chain in energy saving and emissions reduction, we establish a Stackelberg game model. The retailer moves first to decide a cost-sharing contract, then the manufacturer deter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,752 Views
18 Pages

White topping is a popular road rehabilitation technique that uses Portland cement concrete overlay on top of any existing bituminous pavement. However, this often results in additional cost and carbon emission escalations which complicates market us...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,463 Views
14 Pages

31 October 2024

In recent years, self-healing, ultra-thin overlay has been recognized as an advanced technology and gradually applied in asphalt pavement maintenance, but its sustainability has not been well addressed quantitatively regarding practical maintenance p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
819 Views
17 Pages

25 August 2025

To reduce the carbon emissions of existing residential buildings while pursuing maximum cost benefits, a multi-optimization design method for the existing residential building rooftops, retrofitted by attaching the solar photovoltaic panels and therm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,270 Views
27 Pages

20 February 2025

This study explores optimizing carbon emissions in the coffee bean roasting industry through the application of Activity-Based Costing (ABC). By analyzing three roasting product combinations—light roast, medium roast, and dark roast—the r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,327 Views
19 Pages

15 December 2024

Given the increasing environmental pressures, it is essential that agriculture achieves the goal of sustainable and low-carbon development. In 2010, China, as the top carbon emitter, introduced a policy on agricultural land lease (ALL), which has bee...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,739 Views
18 Pages

24 November 2020

The exhaust plume capture method is a commonly used approach to measure pollutants emitted by in-use heavy-duty diesel trucks. Lower cost sensors, if used in place of traditional research-grade analyzers, could enable wider application of this method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,004 Views
26 Pages

29 August 2022

Carbon emissions reduction is an urgent global call to action, and for China, the nation with the largest carbon dioxide emissions, the task is especially arduous. For a country like China with many provinces and cities and unbalanced regional econom...

  • Article
  • Open Access
245 Views
18 Pages

1 January 2026

This study investigates the tri-objective optimization of underground metro station structures, considering structural reliability, life-cycle economic cost, and annualized carbon emissions simultaneously. Using a representative metro station in Guan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,666 Views
17 Pages

29 January 2025

China is a leading producer and consumer of coal, with coal being the dominant energy source. The accurate calculation of the mass carbon emission factor (EFm) of coal is crucial as the carbon emissions from its combustion influence carbon emission a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,149 Views
18 Pages

Arctic navigation research will be more urgent as it is predicted that 4.7% of the shipping trade will be deployed in the Arctic region by 2030. This paper presents a multi-objective path optimization algorithm based on the field theory to investigat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
6,992 Views
23 Pages

2 December 2016

This paper formulates an integrated inventory model that allows Stackelberg game policy for optimizing joint total cost of a vendor and buyer system. After receiving the lot, the buyer commences an inspection process to determine the defective items....

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,395 Views
22 Pages

15 March 2024

Exploration of the green flexible job-shop scheduling problem is essential for enterprises aiming for sustainable practices, including energy conservation, emissions reduction, and enhanced economic and social benefits. While existing research has pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,034 Views
20 Pages

14 October 2020

To achieve the carbon reduction target, the Chinese government not only requires a quota allocation scheme in line with the current development situation, but also needs to minimize the economic expenditure in the emission reduction work. Therefore,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,240 Views
18 Pages

30 August 2022

Global efforts towards de-carbonization give rise to remarkable energy challenges, which include renewable energy penetration increase and intermediate energy carriers for a sustainable transition. In order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, a...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
13,136 Views
15 Pages

Modular construction is an innovative new construction method that minimizes waste and improves efficiency within the construction industry. However, practitioners are hampered by the lack of environmental and economic sustainability analysis methods...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,193 Views
20 Pages

17 November 2025

With the continuous improvement of wastewater treatment standards, advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents faces severe challenges. This paper systematically analyzes the application potential of sulfur-based aut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,174 Views
18 Pages

29 March 2019

This article develops a sustainable electricity supply chain mathematical model that assumes linear price-dependent customer demands where the price is a decision variable under setup cost and carbon emission. The sustainable electrical supply chain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,089 Views
15 Pages

Valuation of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in the Contiguous United States Based on the Avoided Social Cost of Carbon Emissions

  • Elena A. Mikhailova,
  • Garth R. Groshans,
  • Christopher J. Post,
  • Mark A. Schlautman and
  • Gregory C. Post

29 August 2019

Soil organic carbon (SOC) generates several ecosystem services (ES), including a regulating service by sequestering carbon (C) as SOC. This ES can be valued based on the avoided social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) from the long-term damage resulting from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,420 Views
15 Pages

Determining the Value of Soil Inorganic Carbon Stocks in the Contiguous United States Based on the Avoided Social Cost of Carbon Emissions

  • Garth R. Groshans,
  • Elena A. Mikhailova,
  • Christopher J. Post,
  • Mark A. Schlautman and
  • Lisha Zhang

Carbon sequestered as soil inorganic carbon (SIC) provides a regulating ecosystem service, which can be assigned a monetary value based on the avoided social cost of carbon (SC-CO2). By definition, the SC-CO2 is a measure, in dollars, of the long-ter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,193 Views
15 Pages

16 July 2023

The use of new energy vehicles in transportation can effectively promote the development of green logistics. This study selects heavy–duty diesel trucks as traditional logistics vehicles and heavy–duty electric trucks as new energy logist...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
7,313 Views
15 Pages

16 August 2016

To explore the differences in carbon emissions over the whole life-cycle of different building structures, the published calculated carbon emissions from residential buildings in China and abroad were normalized. Embodied carbon emission flows, opera...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,784 Views
19 Pages

23 August 2023

At present, the carbon emissions in China’s metal mining industry can be calculated based on the amount of energy consumed in the mining process. However, it is still difficult to predict the carbon emissions before implementation of mining eng...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,474 Views
20 Pages

15 September 2023

Currently, a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions has caused a series of problems such as serious environmental degradation, and China is facing enormous pressure to reduce emissions. In terms of meeting the needs of people’s lives, cold ch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,351 Views
21 Pages

9 November 2017

Recently, much research has focused on lowering carbon emissions in logistics. This paper attempts to contribute to the literature on the joint shipment size and carbon reduction decisions by developing novel models for distribution systems under dir...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,876 Views
21 Pages

30 June 2023

In the background of global carbon-neutral requirements, enterprises need to control carbon emissions in the process of product lifecycles in order to gain market competitive advantages. Previous product configuration studies, mostly focused on minim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,386 Views
30 Pages

25 August 2023

The environmental pollution issue in the textile industry has gained significant attention recently as one of the world’s most polluting industries. This paper aims to optimize product mixes for profit, tax, carbon, and resource efficiency. It...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,808 Views
23 Pages

13 November 2023

This article studies the emission reduction mechanism of high-tiered carbon taxes under green and low-carbon behavior in single and two-stage supply chains. First, based on the Cournot game model, it explores the impact of high-tiered carbon tax poli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,494 Views
22 Pages

7 March 2024

One of the solutions to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 is to try to reduce the carbon emission by using the carbon tax or carbon credit (carbon right). This paper examines the impact of carbon taxes and carbon credit costs on the ceme...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,412 Views
33 Pages

13 March 2025

As the issue of global climate change becomes increasingly severe, governments worldwide have implemented carbon reduction policies, such as carbon taxes and industrial low-carbon transitions, to effectively control total carbon emissions. This study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,496 Views
30 Pages

16 July 2018

Issues related to global environmental protection are highly important. Under the global trend of energy saving and carbon reduction, in order to lower the carbon emissions of products or services offered by enterprises, the Taiwanese government aims...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,199 Views
16 Pages

30 September 2019

Order acceptance and scheduling (OAS) problems are realistic for enterprises. They have to select the appropriate orders according to their capacity limitations and profit consideration, and then complete these orders by their due dates or no later t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
630 Views
23 Pages

21 September 2025

As one of the most important sources of carbon emissions, the construction industry consumes approximately 30% to 40% of global energy and emits about 30% of global greenhouse gases. Therefore, low-carbon emission reduction in the construction indust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,300 Views
20 Pages

Adopting Carbon Pricing Tools at the Local Level: A City Case Study in Portugal

  • Lurdes Jesus Ferreira,
  • Luís Pereira Dias and
  • Jieling Liu

5 February 2022

Debates on carbon costs and carbon pricing to accelerate the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are emerging as cities develop local policies and programs to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper focuses on how cities formulate economic inst...

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