The Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model (MLBSM) proposed in 2024 was designed to safeguard Internet of Things (IoT) networks, as well as similar network architectures, against transaction privacy leakage in public blockchain systems. MLBSM also add...
Blockchain technologies, despite their profound transformative potential across multiple industries, continue to face significant scalability challenges. These limitations are primarily observed in restricted transaction throughput and elevated laten...
Layer 2 solutions have emerged in recent years as a valuable alternative to increase the throughput and scalability of blockchain-based architectures. The three primary types of Layer 2 solutions are state channels, sidechains, and rollups. The rollu...
The integration of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), blockchain (BC), and machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach to securing Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) networks. This paper conducted a comprehensive review...
In today’s digital age, ensuring the secure transmission of confidential data through various means of communication is crucial. Protecting the data from malicious attacks during transmission poses a significant challenge. To achieve this, reve...
The COVID-19 outbreak significantly impacted global health, resulting in widespread infections and fatalities. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) program, focusing on...
The proliferation of smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks creates significant security challenges for the communications between such devices. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed technology that can potentially tackle the...
Blockchain technology can be a useful tool to address issues related to sustainability. From its initial foundation based on cryptocurrency to the development of smart contracts, blockchain technology promises significant business benefits for variou...
Blockchain techniques have been introduced to achieve decentralized and transparent traceability systems, which are critical components of food supply chains. Academia and industry have tried to enhance the efficiency of blockchain-based food supply...
Blockchain technology is emerging as a pivotal framework to enhance the security of internet-based systems, especially as advancements in machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and cyber–physical systems such as smart grids and Io...
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicles to share data that help vehicles perceive the surrounding environment. However, vehicles can spread false information to other IoV nodes; this incorrect information misleads vehicles and causes confusio...
A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is a consensus algorithm deployed in a consortium blockchain that connects a group of related participants. This type of blockchain suits the implementation of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) infor...
The landscape of ICOs and its underlying Blockchain technology needs more clarity, given that several overlapping and opposing views exist from governmental institutions, institutional investors, economists, and academia. Those positions stem from co...
Blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is one of the most viable solutions to incentivize prosumers in distributed electricity markets. However, P2P energy trading through an open-end blockchain network is not conducive to mutual credit a...
Vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET) is interconnected through message forwarding and exchanging among vehicle nodes. Due to its highly dynamic topology and its wireless and heterogeneous communication mode, VANET is more vulnerable to security threats fro...
Blockchainsand smart contracts are pivotal in transforming interactions between systems and individuals, offering secure, immutable, and transparent trust-building mechanisms without central oversight. However, Smart Contracts face limitations due to...
As a new generation of mobile communication networks, 6G security faces many new security challenges. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) will be an important part of 6G. In V2X, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) need to frequently share data with othe...
The decentralization and anonymity of blockchain have attracted significant attention. However, in recent years, there has been a rise in blockchain money laundering incidents, and anti-money laundering efforts have become crucial within the blockcha...
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) face challenges related to the reliability of the data exchanged and the unstability of the communication links. These shortcomings have hampered the development of the long-awaited applications that would turn road...
Blockchain technology has impacted various sectors and is transforming them through its decentralized, immutable, transparent, smart contracts (automatically executing digital agreements) and traceable attributes. Due to the adoption of blockchain te...
Blockchain technology, originally designed as a secure and immutable ledger, has expanded its applications across various domains. However, its scalability remains a fundamental bottleneck, limiting throughput, specifically Transactions Per Second (T...
Ship collision avoidance (CA) is the most fundamental and essential issue of maritime safety, regardless of whether the ship is a conventional ship or a future maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS). However, effective ship-to-ship communication has...
The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the healthcare sector enables the new era of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). However, IoT devices are susceptible to various cybersecurity attacks and threats, which lead to negative conseq...
Efficient cattle healthcare management is vital for ensuring productivity and welfare in dairy production, yet traditional record-keeping methods often lack transparency, security, and efficiency, leading to challenges in livestock product quality an...
Digital currencies, led by Bitcoin and USDT, are characterized by decentralization and anonymity, which obscure the identities of traders and create a conducive environment for illicit activities such as drug trafficking, money laundering, cyber frau...
Blockchain technology provides a data structure with inherent security properties that include cryptography, decentralization, and consensus, which ensure trust in transactions. It covers widely applicable usages, such as in intelligent manufacturing...
The recent developments in fog computing architecture and cloud of things (CoT) technology includes data mining management and artificial intelligence operations. However, one of the major challenges of this model is vulnerability to security threats...
Blockchain technology promises transformative potential across diverse sectors, facilitating innovations in areas ranging from finance to healthcare. Despite its many promising applications, several barriers—including scalability challenges, re...
Blockchain Governance Game (BGG) is the stochastic model for describing the innovative security enhancement of decentralized network architectures. This hybrid model provides the best strategies to prepare for preventing network failures by attackers...
A smart public transport system is expected to be an integral part of our human lives to improve our mobility and reduce the effect of our carbon footprint. The safety and ongoing maintenance of the smart public transport system from cyberattacks are...
The research designs a new integrated system for the security enhancement of a decentralized network by preventing damages from attackers, particularly for the 51 percent attack. The concept of multiple layered design based on Blockchain Governance G...
Privacy and data security have become the new hot topic for regulators in recent years. As a result, Federated Learning (FL) (also called collaborative learning) has emerged as a new training paradigm that allows multiple, geographically distributed...
By design, distributed ledger technologies persist low-level data, which makes conducting complex business analysis of the recorded operations challenging. Existing blockchain visualization and analytics tools such as block explorers tend to rely on...
Modern passport systems face significant challenges in secure data sharing, real-time verification, and user-controlled authorization, particularly in cross-border scenarios. Existing digital passport solutions, often built on permissioned blockchain...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly integrated into Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems for applications such as surveillance, disaster response, environmental monitoring, and logistics. These missions demand reliable and secure communic...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has facilitated services without human intervention for a wide range of applications, including underwater monitoring, where sensors are located at various depths, and data must be transmitted to surface base stations for...
As security authentication issues continue to arise in future wireless communication networks, researchers are working hard to further improve authentication techniques. Recently, physical layer authentication (PLA) has received widespread attention...
Deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) continues to expand rapidly across a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and disaster response. Despite their increasing ubiquity, UAVs remain inherently...
As a new type of production factor, data possesses multidimensional application value, and its pivotal role is becoming increasingly prominent in the aviation sector. Data sharing can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of data resources...
Blockchain-based applications are gaining traction in various application fields, including supply chain management, health care, and finance. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical component of these applications since it allows for data collect...
The Internet of Things is a system of interconnected smart devices that can communicate with each other and with other devices over the Internet, with or without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Although IoT devices, which have IPs, m...
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the implementation of interconnected intelligent systems in extremely dynamic contexts with limited resources. However, traditional paradigms, such as those using ECC-based heuristics...
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) holds significant potential for improving efficiency, quality, and flexibility. In decentralized systems, there are no trust-based centralized authentication techniques, which are unsuitable for distributed ne...
Internet of Things (IoT) technology is evolving over the peak of smart infrastructure with the participation of IoT devices in a wide range of applications. Traditional IoT authentication methods are vulnerable to threats due to wireless data transmi...
Security is a challenging issue for M2M/IoT applications due to the deployment, decentralization and heterogeneity of M2M and IoT devices. Typical security solutions may not be suitable for M2M/IoT systems regarding the difficulties encountered for t...
Proof of work (PoW) is one of the most widely used consensus algorithms in blockchain networks. It mainly uses the competition between mining nodes to obtain block rewards. However, this competition for computational power will allow malicious nodes...
Blockchain is a revolutionary technology that has reshaped the trust model among mutually distrustful peers in a distributed network. While blockchain is well-known for its initial usage in a public manner, such as the cryptocurrency of Bitcoin, cons...
The potential security problems of blockchain technology are constantly restricting the development process of related industrial applications. The cost of deploying a blockchain system in a real environment to conduct research on security issues is...
The large-scale application of blockchain technology is an expected to be an inevitable trend. This study revolves around published papers and articles related to blockchain technology, relevance analysis and sorting through the retrieved documents w...
The conventional centralized Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) framework is plagued by issues like subpar security performance and challenges related to storage expansion. This paper proposes a two-tier distributed secure storage framework based o...
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