166 Results Found

In order to analyze the performance of a light detection and ranging system based on polarization modulation, it is necessary to theoretically analyze and model the polarization scattering characteristics of common target materials. In this paper, th...

Establishing linkages between light detection and ranging (lidar) data, produced from interrogating forest canopies, to the highly complex forest structures, composition, and traits that such forests contain, remains an extremely difficult problem. R...

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) archetypes extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/Albedo product over the global Earth Observing System Land Validation Core Sites can be used to simplify...

Accurate solar background noise modeling in island-reef LiDAR surveys is hindered by anisotropic coastal reflectivity and dynamic light paths, which isotropic models fail to address. We propose BNR-B, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function...

Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of using bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) signatures captured by multi-angle observation data to enhance land cover classification and retrieve vegetation architectures. Considering...

Radiometric cross-calibration of Earth observation sensors is an effective approach to evaluate instrument calibration performance, identify and diagnose calibration anomalies, and quantify the consistency of measurements from different sensors. In t...

Close-range remote sensing techniques employing multispectral sensors on unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer both advantages and drawbacks in comparison to traditional remote sensing using satellite-mounted sensors. Close-range remote sensing tec...

GaoFen6 (GF-6), successfully launched on June 2, 2018, is the sixth satellite of the High-Definition Earth observation system (HDEOS). Although GF-6 is the first high-resolution satellite in China to achieve precise agricultural observation, it will...

Viewing and illumination geometry has a strong influence on optical measurements of natural surfaces due to their anisotropic reflectance properties. Typically, cameras on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are affected by this because of their re...

The increased sensitivity of modern hyperspectral line-scanning systems has led to the development of imaging systems that can acquire each line of hyperspectral pixels at very high data rates (in the 200–400 Hz range). These data acquisition r...

Forest canopy leaf area index (LAI) inversion based on remote sensing data is an important method to obtain LAI. Currently, the most widely-used model to achieve forest canopy structure parameters is the Li-Strahler geometric-optical bidirectional re...

The physical properties of a medium such as density, grain size and surface roughness all influence the angular dependence of spectral signatures. Radiative transfer models, such as the one developed by Hapke, can relate the angular dependence of the...

A hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance (HSBR) model for land surface has been developed in this work. The HSBR model includes a very diverse land surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) database with ~40,000 spectra. The BRD...

This paper presents an assessment of the bidirectional reflectance features for the classification and characterization of vegetation physiognomic types at a national scale. The bidirectional reflectance data at multiple illumination and viewing geom...

Measurement of the degree of polarization of backscattering light from rough surfaces plays an important role in targets-detection applications. The polarization bidirectional reflectance function is the key to establish the relation between the pola...

This paper presents a modified Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model based on the Cauchy–Lorentz distribution that accurately characterizes the reflected energy distribution of typical materials, such as metals and coatin...

Light reflected from satellite surfaces is polarized light, which plays a crucial role in space target identification and remote sensing. To deepen our understanding of the polarized reflectance property for satellite material surface, we present the...

The Lambertian property of objects is one of the basic hypotheses in remote sensing research. However, the spectral radiance of natural objects is always anisotropic. On the sea surface, a large amount of sea foam is generated at the water–air...

The measurement of bidirectional reflectivity for ground-based objects is a highly intricate task, with significant limitations in the capabilities of both ground-based and satellite-based observations from multiple viewpoints. In recent years, unman...

Infrared ocean image simulation has been widely used in water-pollution prevention, meteorological observation and melting-ice monitoring. However, in actual remote sensing observation scenes, the simulation images provided by conventional algorithms...

The Day–Night Band (DNB) imaging sensor of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) adds nighttime monitoring capability to the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 20 weathe...

Bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF) defines anisotropy of the surface reflection. It is required to specify the boundary condition for radiative transfer (RT) modeling used in aerosol retrievals, cloud retrievals, atmospheric model...

Modeling the brightness of satellites in large Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations can not only assist the astronomical community in assessing the impact of reflected light from satellites, optimizing observing schedules and guiding data processing,...

This study addresses key challenges in obtaining reliable infrared data for maritime ship observation and limitations of existing models, such as simplified reflectance assumptions and incomplete multi-band coverage. To improve modeling accuracy and...

Accurate light simulations using virtual plant models are essential for analyzing how plant structures influence the micro-light climate within canopies. Such simulations are increasingly important in applications including remote sensing, greenhouse...

The surface scattering property is one of the important indicators of the optical properties of metal materials, which is of great significance for the development, processing, and application of optical devices. The bidirectional reflection distribu...

High-frequency imaging characteristics allow a geostationary satellite (GSS) to capture the diurnal variation in vegetation canopy reflectance spectra, which is of very important practical significance for monitoring vegetation via remote sensing (RS...

The polarised Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (pBRDF) model relates the properties of target materials to the polarisation information of the incident and reflected light. The Priest–Germer (P-G) model was the first strictly pBR...

In this paper, we construct a laser 3D imaging simulation model based on the 3D imaging principle of electro–optical crystal modulation. Unlike the traditional 3D imaging simulation method, this paper focuses on the laser scattering characteris...

This paper aims to assess the relationship between the surface reflectance derived from ground based and aircraft measurements. The parameters of the Rahman–Pinty–Verstraete (RPV) and Ross Thick-LiSparse (RTLS) kernel based bi-directional...

Satellite remote sensing has been widely used to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD), which is an indicator of air quality as well as radiative forcing. The dark target (DT) algorithm is applied to low reflectance areas, such as dense vegetation, an...

The surface material of an object is a key factor that affects non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. In this paper, we introduce the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) into NLOS imaging to study how the target surface material influen...

Rugged terrain, including mountains, hills, and some high lands are typical land surfaces around the world. As a physical parameter for characterizing the anisotropic reflectance of the land surface, the importance of the bidirectional reflectance di...

The leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important Earth surface parameters used in the modeling of ecosystems and their interaction with climate. Numerous vegetation indices have been developed to estimate the LAI. However, because of the effect...

Timely measurement of vertical foliage nitrogen distribution is critical for increasing crop yield and reducing environmental impact. In this study, a novel method with partial least square regression (PLSR) and vegetation indices was developed to de...

In rugged terrain, the accuracy of surface reflectance estimations is compromised by atmospheric and topographic effects. We propose a new method to simultaneously eliminate atmospheric and terrain effects in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images based...

Accuracy is an important measure of system performance and remains a challenge in 3D range gated reconstruction despite the advancement in laser and sensor technology. The weighted average model that is commonly used for range estimation is heavily i...

To study the polarization reflection characteristics of metal surfaces, a parameter optimization method for the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function (pBRDF) model of metal surfaces based on the improved strawberry algorithm has...

Shading and inter-reflections created by the three-dimensional coral canopy structure play an important role on benthic reflectance and its propagation above the water. Here, a plane parallel model was coupled with a three-dimensional radiative trans...

To reconstruct Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) band reflectance with optimal spatiotemporal continuity, three bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models—the Ross-Thick-Li-Sparse Reciprocal (RTLSR) model,...

MODIS reflective solar bands are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser and near-monthly lunar observations. To monitor the performance and effectiveness of the on-orbit calibrations, pseudo-invariant targets such as deep convective clouds (DCCs)...

Data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A/2B are often combined for terrestrial monitoring because of their similar spectral bands. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effect has been observed in both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A/2B ref...

Accurate characterization of surface reflection is essential for retrieval of aerosols using downward-looking remote sensors. In this paper, observations from the Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) are used to evaluate a...

We present the application of a generic, semi-empirical first-order radiative transfer modelling approach for the retrieval of soil- and vegetation related parameters from coarse-resolution space-borne scatterometer measurements ( ${\sigma }_0$ ). It is...

Measurements of solar radiation reflected from Earth’s surface are the basis for calculating albedo, vegetation indices, and other terrestrial attributes. However, the “bi-directional” geometry of illumination and viewing (i.e., the Bi-directional Re...

Earth observation data obtained from remote sensors must undergo radiometric calibration before use in quantitative applications. However, the large view angles of the panchromatic multispectral sensor (PMS) aboard the GF-4 satellite pose challenges...

Surface reflectance anisotropy and insufficient multi-angular observations are the main challenges in albedo estimation from satellite observations. Numerous studies have been developed for albedo retrieval from a single directional reflectance by as...

Retrieval of complete aerosol properties over land through remote sensing requires accurate information about the polarization characteristics of natural land surfaces. In this paper, a new bidirectional polarization distribution function (BPDF) is p...

Interpreting remotely-sensed data requires realistic, but simple, models of radiative transfer that occurs within a vegetation canopy. In this paper, an improved version of the stochastic radiative transfer model (SRTM) is proposed by assuming that a...

Row crops are regarded as a transitional type between continuous and discrete vegetation. Previous studies idealized row crops as periodic hedgerows with rectangular cross-sections. However, these models relied on oversimplified assumptions, failing...