Launched in February 2013, the Landsat-8 carries on-board the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), a two-band thermal pushbroom imager, to maintain the thermal imaging capability of the Landsat program. The TIRS bands are centered at roughly 10.9 and 12 μ...
The launch of Landsat 9 (L9) on 27 September 2021 marks the ongoing commitment of the Landsat mission to delivering users with calibrated Earth observations for fifty years. The two imaging sensors on L9 are the Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 (TIRS-2) and...
The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8 is the latest thermal sensor in that series of missions. Unlike the previous single-channel sensors, TIRS uses two channels to cover the 10–12.5 micron band. It is also a pushbroom imager; a departure f...
The next Landsat satellite, which is scheduled for launch in early 2013, will carry two instruments: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). Significant design changes over previous Landsat instruments have been made...
The radiometric performance of remotely-sensed images is important for the applications of such data in monitoring land surface, ocean and atmospheric status. One requirement placed on the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboard Landsat 8 was that th...
Data fusion is defined as the combination of data from multiple sensors such that the resulting information is better than would be possible when the sensors are used individually. The multi-sensor fusion of panchromatic (PAN) and thermal infrared (T...
Thermal data products derived from remotely sensed data play significant roles as key parameters for biophysical phenomena. However, a trade-off between spatial and spectral resolutions has existed in thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing systems, wi...
Thermal mapping of surface waters and the land surface via UAVs offers exciting opportunities in many scientific disciplines; however, unresolved issues persist related to accuracy and drift of uncooled microbolometric thermal infrared (TIR) sensors....
The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying two imaging payloads: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). The TIRS instrument employs a refractive telescope design that is opaque to visible wav...
High-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing images can more accurately retrieve land surface temperature and describe the spatial pattern of urban thermal environment. The Thermal Infrared Spectrometer (TIS), which has high spatial resoluti...
The Landsat-8 satellite of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in April 2013. Just weeks after it entered active service, its sensors observed activity at Paluweh Volcano, Indon...
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) represents a significant mode of chemical transport to water bodies, making it an important flux to understand. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems-deployed thermal infrared sensors (sUAS-TIR) provide a financially a...
It has been noticed that the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) had an issue with stray light since its launch in 2013. This artifact is due to out-of-field radiance that scatters onto the TIRS focal plane. Much effort has been taken to develop...
The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) for the Landsat 8 platform was designed and built at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). TIRS data will extend the data record for thermal observations from the heritage Landsat sensors, dating back to the laun...
Total column water vapor (TCWV) is essential for assessing Earth’s radiation budget and hydrological cycle and plays a crucial role in accurate Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval from thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Although TCWV is commo...
Landsat 9 (L9) was launched on 27 September 2021. This spacecraft contained two instruments, the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) and Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 (TIRS-2), that allow for a continuation of the Landsat program and the mission to acquire...
Thermal infrared (TIR) ground observations are a well-established method for investigating surface temperature variations in thermally anomalous areas. However, commercially available technical solutions are currently limited, often offering propriet...
Multi-angular observation of land surface thermal radiation is considered to be a promising method of performing the angular normalization of land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from remote sensing data. This paper focuses on an investigation of...
Land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from satellite thermal sensors often consists of mixed temperature components. Retrieving subpixel LST is therefore needed in various environmental and ecological studies. In this paper, we developed two metho...
The techniques of concrete crack detection, as well as assessments based on thermography coupled with ultrasound, have been presented in many works; however, they have generally needed an additional source of thermal infrared (TIR) radiance and have...
The lake water surface temperature (LWST) is a critical parameter influencing lake ecosystem dynamics and addressing challenges posed by climate change. Traditional point measurement techniques exhibit limitations in providing comprehensive LWST data...
Thermal infrared (TIR) satellite images are generally employed to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) data in remote sensing. LST data have been widely used in evapotranspiration (ET) estimation based on satellite observations over broad regions,...
Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables measured by satellite remote sensing. Public domain data are available from the newly operational Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). This paper presents an adjustment of the...
The split window technique has been used for over thirty years to derive surface temperatures of the Earth with image data collected from spaceborne sensors containing two thermal channels. The latest NASA/USGS Landsat satellites contain the Thermal...
This paper describes the concept of the hyperspectral Earth-observing thermal infrared (TIR) satellite mission HiTeSEM (High-resolution Temperature and Spectral Emissivity Mapping). The scientific goal is to measure specific key variables from the bi...
The two near-identical pushbroom Thermal Infrared Sensors (TIRS) aboard Landsat 8 and 9 are currently imaging the Earth’s surface at 10.9 and 12 microns from similar 705 km altitude, sun-synchronous polar orbits. This work validates the consist...
Accurate inversion of land surface geo/biophysical variables from remote sensing data for earth observation applications is an essential and challenging topic for the global change research. Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters...
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), which is a multiband pushbroom sensor suite onboard Terra, has successfully provided valuable multiband images for approximately 20 years since Terra’s launch in 1999....
This paper presents a Python QGIS (PyQGIS) plugin, which has been developed for the purpose of producing Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 TIRS, Thermal Infrared (TIR) imagery. The plugin has been dev...
Thermal infrared (TIR) multi-/hyperspectral and sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) approaches together with classic solar-reflective (visible, near-, and shortwave infrared reflectance (VNIR)/SWIR) hyperspectral remote sensing form the latest state-of-th...
On-board the Landsat-8 satellite, the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), which has two adjacent thermal channels centered roughly at 10.9 and 12.0 μm, has a great benefit for the land surface temperature (LST) retrieval. The single-channel algorithm (S...
The Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key vegetation biophysical variable extensively studied using various remote sensing platforms and applications. Most studies focused on retrieving LAI using remote sensing data have primarily applied visible to shortwa...
The lower spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) satellite images and derived land surface temperature (LST) is one of the biggest challenges in mapping temperature at a detailed map scale. An extensive range of scientific and environmental app...
The self-adaptive gradient-based thresholding (SAGBT) method is a simple non-interactive coal fire detection approach involving segmentation and a threshold identification algorithm that adapts to the spatial distribution of thermal features over a l...
Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery is normally acquired at coarser pixel resolution than that of shortwave sensors on the same satellite platform. TIR resolution is often not suitable for monitoring crop conditions of fragmented farming lands, e.g., the...
As a critical variable to characterize the biophysical processes in ecological environment, and as a key indicator in the surface energy balance, evapotranspiration and urban heat islands, Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieved from Thermal Infra-R...
With the launch of Landsat-9 on 27 September 2021, Landsat continues its fifty-year continuity mission of providing users with calibrated Earth observations. It has become a requirement that an underflight experiment be performed during commissioning...
Much remote sensing (RS) research focuses on fusing, i.e., combining, multi-resolution/multi-sensor imagery for land use/land cover (LULC) classification. In relation to this topic, Sun and Schulz [1] recently found that a combination of visible-to-...
Satellite remote sensing is regularly used for wildfire detection, fire severity mapping and burnt area mapping. Applications in the surveillance of wildfire using geostationary-based sensors have been limited by low spatial resolutions. With the lau...
In emergency response and disaster rescue, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) onboard thermal infrared (TIR) sensors are an essential means of acquiring ground information in the nighttime working environment. To enable field personnel to make better de...
Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery is normally acquired at coarser pixel resolution than that of shortwave sensors on the same satellite platform and often the TIR resolution is not suitable for monitoring crop conditions of individual fields or the impa...
Thermal heterogeneity of rivers is essential to support freshwater biodiversity. Salmon behaviorally thermoregulate by moving from patches of warm water to cold water. When implementing river restoration projects, it is essential to monitor changes i...
The modernization of computational resources and application of artificial intelligence algorithms have led to advancements in studies regarding the evapotranspiration of crops by remote sensing. Therefore, this research proposed the application of m...
Reliable land surface temperature (LST) data are required for monitoring climate variability, hydrological processes, and land–atmosphere interactions. Yet existing satellite-derived LST products, such as those from thermal infrared (TIR) senso...
Volcanic explosive eruptions inject several different types of particles and gasses into the atmosphere, giving rise to the formation and propagation of volcanic clouds. These can pose a serious threat to the health of people living near an active vo...
Urban surface temperatures are increasing because of climate change and rapid urbanisation, contributing to the urban heat island (UHI) effect and significantly influencing local climates. Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) plays a vita...
This paper developed a practical split-window (SW) algorithm to estimate land surface temperature (LST) from Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) aboard Landsat 8. The coefficients of the SW algorithm were determined based on atmospheric water vapor sub-ra...
The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) has been collecting imagery of the Earth since its launch aboard Landsat 8 in early 2013. In many respects, TIRS has been exceeding its performance requirements on orbit, particularly in terms of noise and stability...
Despite low spatial resolutions, thermal infrared bands (TIRs) are generally more suitable for mineral mapping due to fundamental tones and high penetration in vegetated areas compared to shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. However, the weak overtone co...
This paper concentrates on the calibration/validation of the Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) spectra in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral region (B4 band) over the Arctic Ocean. W...
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