1,071 Results Found

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a remarkable protein as it clearly plays multiple roles in mediating viral replication, host-cell interactions and viral pathogenesis. However, on the impact of cell growth, there have been d...

Background: Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins show promise as viral vectors and candidates for mucosal universal influenza vaccines. These mutant NS1 viruses, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein (124 a.a.), are unable to ant...

Current seasonal influenza vaccines have suboptimal effectiveness, especially in seasons dominated by viruses that do not match the vaccine. Therefore, finding new approaches to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of traditional influenza vaccine...

Scribble is a highly conserved regulator of cell polarity, a process that enables the generation of asymmetry at the cellular and tissue level in higher organisms. Scribble acts in concert with Disc-large (Dlg) and Lethal-2-giant larvae (Lgl) to form...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the basic culprits behind chronic liver disease, which may result in cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. In spite of the extensive research conducted, a vaccine against HCV has not been yet created. We have obtained human...

Influenza virus only encodes a dozen of viral proteins, which need to use host machinery to complete the viral life cycle. Previously, KAP1 was identified as one host protein that potentially interacts with influenza viral proteins in HEK 293 cells....

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), encoded by the PDCD1 gene, is critical in immune checkpoint regulation and cancer immune evasion. Variants in PDCD1 may alter its function, impacting cancer susceptibility and disease progression. O...

In order to explore the bioelectric effect of 5 ns pulsed electric fields on tumor cells, a spherical single-cell multiphysics model was first established based on the finite element simulation platform. In consideration of the dielectric relaxation...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito or through sexual contact with an infected partner. ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been associated with numerous fetal abnormali...

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a complex kidney disorder characterized by profound proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. While corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) h...

It is generally believed that a successful Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine should induce neutralizing antibodies against the ZIKV envelope (E) protein to efficiently halt viral infection. However, E-specific neutralizing antibodies have been implicated in...

Reversing the pulse polarity, i.e., changing the electric field direction by 180°, inhibits electroporation and electrostimulation by nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs). This feature, known as “bipolar cancellation,” enables selective...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious neurological disease caused by TBE virus (TBEV). Because antiviral treatment options are not available, vaccination is the key prophylactic measure against TBEV infections. Despite the availability of effect...

Little is known about the regulation of B cell subpopulations in association with programmed cell death during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Therefore, blood samples from dengue-infected patients and healthy donors were obtained for B cell subset ch...

Intestinal magnesium (Mg) uptake is essential for systemic Mg homeostasis. Colon cells express the two highly homologous transient receptor potential melastatin type (TRPM) 6 and 7 Mg2+ channels, but their precise function and the consequences of the...

With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models—especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited—has hampered t...

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is ubiquitous in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation. Erythrocytes are important target cells for PRV. We have investigated the kinetics of PRV infection in salmon b...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main triggers of chronic liver disease. Despite tremendous progress in the HCV field, there is still no vaccine against this virus. Potential vaccines can be based on its recombinant proteins. To increase the hum...

Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism within the cell. Potassium channels such as ATP-sensitive, voltage-gated or large-conductance Ca2+-regulated channels have been described in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several hypotheses have b...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that recently emerged in the South Pacific, Americas, and Caribbean islands, where the larger epidemics were documented. ZIKV infection in humans is responsible for neurological disorders and microceph...

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have become clinically important through the success of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), Electrochemotherapy (ECT), and nanosecond PEFs (nsPEFs) for the treatment of tumors. PEFs increase the permeability of cell memb...

Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific T cells are activated by different peptides derived from virus structural and nonstructural proteins, and contributed to the viral clearance or protective immunity. Herein, we have depicted the profile of CD8+ and CD4+ T ce...

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are implicated in the complex interplay involving graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in hem...

The chance of survival rate and autophagy of smooth muscle cells under calcium stress were drastically improved with a prolonged inclusion of Lycopene in the media. The results showed an improved viability from 41% to 69% and a reduction in overall a...

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important respiratory pathogens of horses and humans. Infected individuals develop typical respiratory disorders associated with the death of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in infected areas. Virulence and risk of secon...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic organelle, which undergoes continuous remodeling. At the three-way tubular junctions of the ER, the lunapark (LNP) protein acts as a membrane remodeling factor to stabilize these highly...

An Asian Zika virus (ZIKV) isolated from a Thai patient that was serially passaged in Primary Dog Kidney (PDK) cells for attenuation displayed both big and small plaque-forming viruses by the 7th passage. Two small-plaque isolates were selected and p...

Elevated TNF-α levels in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of acute lung injury patients correlate with mortality rates. We hypothesized that pharmacological plasma membrane potential (Em) hyperpolarization protects against TNF-α-in...

Pulse power technology using nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) offers a new stimulus to modulate cell functions or induce cell death for cancer cell ablation. New data and a literature review demonstrate fundamental and basic cellular mechan...

A set of arylazo sulfones, known to undergo N–S bond cleavage upon light exposure, has been synthesized, and their activity in the dark and upon irradiation towards DNA has been investigated. Their interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been exam...

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus that causes neurodevelopmental impairment to fetuses and has been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome continues to threaten global health due to the absence of targeted prophylaxis or treatment. Nucleosi...

A common hallmark of dengue infections is the dysfunction of the vascular endothelium induced by different biological mechanisms. In this paper, we studied the role of recombinant NS1 proteins representing the four dengue serotypes, and their role in...

Bioinformatic analyses have predicted that orbiviruses encode an additional, small non-structural protein (NS5) from a secondary open reading frame on genome segment 10. However, this protein has not previously been detected in infected mammalian or...

Flaviviruses are known to cause a variety of diseases in humans in different parts of the world. There are very limited numbers of antivirals to combat flavivirus infection, and therefore new drug targets must be explored. The flavivirus NS2B-NS3 pro...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging with a non-zero (forward) squint angle is capable of providing a longer time for reaction than that of the broadside mode. However, due to the large squint angle, there will be severe coupling between range and...

The study was aimed at identifying endogenous proteins which assist or impede the permeabilized state in the cell membrane disrupted by nsEP (20 or 40 pulses, 300 ns width, 7 kV/cm). We employed a LentiArray CRISPR library to generate knockouts (KOs)...

Adenoviral viral vectors have been widely used for gene-based therapeutics, but commonly used serotype 5 shows poor transduction efficiency into hematopoietic cells. In this study, we aimed to generate a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vecto...

Targeting dendritic cells (DCs) by means of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of binding their surface receptors (DEC205 and DCIR2) has previously been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of genetically fused antigens. This approach has been repea...

Potassium channels have emerged as regulators of carcinogenesis, thus introducing possible new therapeutic strategies in the fight against cancer. In particular, the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, often referred to as BK channel, is inv...

Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis (tick-borne encephalitis virus, TBEV) is of high concern due to its ability to cause severe neurological manifestations. Despite the fact that the role of NS1 proteins from various mosquito-borne flaviviruses in pathoge...

Dengue virus (DENV), the pathogen that causes dengue fever, is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Surveillance of infected mosquitoes is a major component of integrated mosquito control methods for reducing the risk of vector-born disease outbreaks...

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a food-grade yeast known for its diverse beneficial traits, making it an attractive candidate for both food and biotechnology applications. This study explores the potential of Kluyveromyces marxianus as a promising alterna...

The Zika virus (ZIKV) non-structural protein 5 (NS5) plays multiple viral and cellular roles during infection, with its primary role in virus RNA replication taking place in the cytoplasm. However, immunofluorescence assay studies have detected the p...

There is a need to improve current cancer treatment regimens to reduce systemic toxicity, to positively impact the quality-of-life post-treatment. We hypothesized the negation of off-target toxicity of anthracyclines (e.g., Doxorubicin) by delivering...

Alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses, mostly being mosquito-transmitted. Cells infected by an alphavirus become resistant to superinfection due to a block that occurs at the level of RNA replication. Alphavirus replication proteins, called ns...

The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4) continue to pose a major public health threat. The first licenced dengue vaccine, which expresses the surface proteins of DENV1–4, has performed poorly in immunologically naïve individuals...

La Reunion island in the South West Indian Ocean is now endemic for dengue following the introduction of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) cosmopolitan-I genotype in 2017. DENV-2 infection causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from...

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal cancers in China and existing therapies have been unable to significantly improve prognosis. Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are novel promising anti-tumor drugs and have been evaluate...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes outbreaks of rash, arthritis, and fever associated with neurologic complications, where astrocytes are preferentially infected. A determinant of virulence is the macrodomain (MD) of nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3), whi...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, has re-emerged, causing widespread outbreaks and a significant clinical burden. Despite advances in virology, the molecular mechanisms governing CHIKV’s interaction with host cells remain...