30 Results Found

The parametrizations of meteorological variables provided by the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is of major importance for pollutant dispersion assessment. However, the complex flow pattern that characterizes the urban areas limits the applic...

Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) overestimates the mean vertical velocity gradient in some atmospheric stable conditions, i.e., Richardson number R f < 0.25 . To obtain a given hub-height inflow velocity for a certain roughnes...

Coastal rural areas can be a source of elemental mercury, but the potential influence of their topographic and climatic particularities on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes have not been investigated extensively. In this study, gaseous elemental...

The refractive index structure constant Cn2 near the ocean surface is an important parameter for studying atmospheric optical turbulence over the ocean. The measured refractive index structure constant and meteorological parameters, such as temperatu...

Surface waves and sea spray play a significant role in air–sea fluxes in high winds. The present study used a marine atmosphere surface layer (MASL), which couples the traditional Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, sea spray generation func...

The Haifa bay area (HBA), which includes Mount Carmel and the Zevulun valley is the third largest metropolitan area in Israel. It is also a centre of heavy industry and an important transportation hub which serve as sources of local anthropogenic pol...

A relationship between the friction velocity u⋆ and mean wind speed U in a stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Arctic sea ice was considered. To that aim, the observations collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA)...

Evaporation ducts are abnormal states of the atmosphere in the air–sea boundary layer that directly affect the propagation trajectory of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of the evaporation duct height (EDH) is import...

Evapotranspiration is essential for precise irrigation and water resource management. Previous literature suggested that eddy covariance (EC) systems could directly measure evapotranspiration in agricultural fields. However, the eddy covariance metho...

This work presents a parametric-solver algorithm for estimating atmospheric stability and friction velocity from floating Doppler wind lidar (FDWL) observations close to the mast of IJmuiden in the North Sea. The focus of the study was two-fold: (i)...

In ultrasonic equipment (anemometers and thermometers), for the measurement of parameters of atmospheric turbulence, a standard algorithm that calculates parameters from temporary structural functions constructed on the registered data is usually use...

The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is widely used for surface layer parameterization. Discrepancies in MOST highlight the need to account for large eddy effects. A possible solution is to introduce the boundary layer depth zi as a new scaling...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, and it links water and energy budgets in the form of latent heat (LvE) released into the atmosphere. However, ET is difficult to measure and is not always well described in ar...

We present a modified k-ε model with a set of wall-functions suitable for reconstruction of sensible heat and momentum fluxes from the observations data (e.g., surface temperature evolution during the diurnal cycle). The modification takes in...

A reliable estimate of the wind potential in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is of great importance to justify the energetic viability of new offshore wind farms. The purpose of the study is to provide an additional tool for the predicti...

We revisit two recent methodologies based on Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST), the 2D method and Hybrid-Wind (HW), which are aimed at estimation of the Obukhov length, friction velocity and kinematic heat flux within the surface layer. Bo...

The inertial sublayer comprises a considerable and critical portion of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. The mean windward velocity profile is described comprehensively by the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, which is equivalent to the...

The sea surface roughness parameterization and the universal stability function are key components of the evaporation duct prediction model based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. They determine the model’s performance, which in tur...

The unequivocal understanding of the planetary-global climate change has rendered the apportionment of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the terrestrial domain, an urgent priority. In the present study, the micrometeorological method of &ldquo...

New sampling techniques such as tethered-balloon-based measurements or small unmanned aerial vehicles are capable of providing multiple profiles of the Marine Atmospheric Surface Layer (MASL) in a short time period. It is desirable to obtain surface...

The carbon source/sink nature and the water balance of a drip-irrigated and mulched watermelon cultivated under a semi-arid climate were investigated. Biodegradable films, plants and some fruits were left on the soil as green manure. The study spanne...

In this paper we use 20 Hz wind measurements on three levels (2, 5, and 10 m) to investigate the differences in micro-scale properties of different bora types, i.e., deep and shallow bora with further subdivision to cyclonic and anticyclonic bora cas...

The estimation of sensible heat flux (H) in drylands is important because it constitutes a significant portion of the net available surface energy. A model to estimate H half-hourly measurements for bare soils was derived by combining the surface ren...

In the case of lakes, evaporation is one of the most significant losses of water and energy. Based on high-frequency eddy-covariance (EC) measurements between May and September of 2019, the offshore heat and water vapor exchanges are evaluated for th...

Understanding optical turbulence within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is essential for refining atmospheric motion analyses, enhancing numerical weather prediction models, and improving light propagation assessments. This study develops an opt...

The Complementary Relationship (CR) principle of evapotranspiration provides an efficient approach for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa), owing to its simplified computation and effectiveness in utilizing meteorological factors. Accurate est...

Aerodynamic roughness length is an important parameter for surface fluxes estimates. This paper developed an innovative method for estimation of aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) over farmland with a new vegetation index, the Hot-darkspot Vegetation...

This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of four scenario experiments using the CMA_WSP, WRF, and WRF_FITCH models to enhance forecasts of hub-height wind speeds at multiple wind farms in Northern China, particularly under significant wind spee...

Daily evapotranspiration fluxes over the semi-arid Catania Plain area (Eastern Sicily, Italy) were evaluated using remotely sensed data from Landsat Thematic Mapper TM5 images. A one-source parameterization of the surface sensible heat flux exchange...

Mount Emei is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, on the transition zone between the main body of the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin in China. It is not only the necessary place for the eastward movement of the plateau system b...