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2,503 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,820 Views
21 Pages

Gulf Studies: The Imperatives of Area Studies in the Gulf Region

  • Sahar El Sayed,
  • Reem Al-Hababi and
  • Md Mizanur Rahman

25 April 2023

Area Studies is in crisis, but research on Area Studies also demonstrates the relevance of and need for Area Studies through case studies in different world regions. However, there is a dearth of research on the imperatives of Gulf Area Studies in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,936 Views
27 Pages

In the vernacular architectural history of the Arabian Gulf region (the Gulf), the courtyard house is a common domestic typology. Islamic and sociological precepts regulate the design and the function of vernacular courtyard dwellings, resulting in h...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,104 Views
13 Pages

The Gulf War Women’s Health Cohort: Study Design and Protocol

  • Benjamin E. Ansa,
  • Kimberly Sullivan,
  • Maxine H. Krengel,
  • Vahé Heboyan,
  • Candy Wilson,
  • Stacey Iobst and
  • Steven S. Coughlin

Military service and deployment affect women differently than men, underscoring the need for studies of the health of women veterans and their receipt of health care services. Despite the large numbers of women who served during the 1990–1991 Gulf Wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,404 Views
13 Pages

The Department of Veterans Affairs Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses Biorepository: Supporting Research on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses

  • Christopher B. Brady,
  • Ian Robey,
  • Thor D. Stein,
  • Bertrand R. Huber,
  • Jessica Riley,
  • Nazifa Abdul Rauf,
  • Keith R. Spencer,
  • Gabriel Walt,
  • Latease Adams and
  • James G. Averill
  • + 4 authors

14 October 2021

Aims: To introduce a resource supporting research on Gulf War illness (GWI) and related disorders, the Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses Biorepository (GWVIB). Methods: Gulf War era veterans (GWVs) are recruited nationally and enrolled via telephone and e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,952 Views
19 Pages

Circulation in the Gulf of Khambhat—A Lagrangian Perspective

  • Aditi Mitra,
  • V. Sanil Kumar and
  • V. Simhadri Naidu

The circulation of the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK) is studied from a Lagrangian point of view using a 2D numerical model. The model-predicted tide elevation and current speed are in agreement with the observations. Seasonal variations of advection of part...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,617 Views
11 Pages

Background: Although the Gulf War occurred almost 30 years ago, the chronic symptoms of Gulf War illness (GWI), which include respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin problems, as well as fatigue, pain, and mood alterations, currently affect over 200,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
43 Citations
9,068 Views
34 Pages

The present review discusses the burden of cryptosporidiosis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which is underreported and underestimated. It emphasizes that the Cryptosporidium parasite is infecting inhabitants and expatriates in the Gulf countr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,025 Views
17 Pages

Brain–Immune Interactions as the Basis of Gulf War Illness: Clinical Assessment and Deployment Profile of 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans in the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study

  • Lea Steele,
  • Nancy Klimas,
  • Maxine Krengel,
  • Emily Quinn,
  • Rosemary Toomey,
  • Deborah Little,
  • Maria Abreu,
  • Kristina Aenlle,
  • Ronald Killiany and
  • Bang-Bon Koo
  • + 9 authors

26 August 2021

The Boston University-based Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) is a multidisciplinary initiative developed to provide detailed understanding of brain and immune alterations that underlie Gulf War illness (GWI), the persistent multisymptom disorder as...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,382 Views
7 Pages

Associations of Immune Genetic Variability with Gulf War Illness in 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans from the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study

  • Janet K. Coller,
  • Jonathan Tuke,
  • Taylor J. Wain,
  • Emily Quinn,
  • Lea Steele,
  • Maria Abreu,
  • Kristina Aenlle,
  • Nancy Klimas and
  • Kimberly Sullivan

26 October 2021

Gulf War illness (GWI) encompasses a constellation of persistent debilitating symptoms associated with significant changes in central nervous system (CNS) and immune functioning. Currently, there is no validated biomarker for GWI risk susceptibility....

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,324 Views
19 Pages

The results of this study have allowed verification that longshore sediment transport along the coast of Napoli Gulf (southern Italy) takes place from Northwest to Southeast. The current analysis describes the results of an integrated sedimentologica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
9,728 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Satellite Retrievals of Chlorophyll-a in the Arabian Gulf

  • Noora Al-Naimi,
  • Dionysios E. Raitsos,
  • Radhouan Ben-Hamadou and
  • Yousria Soliman

22 March 2017

The Arabian Gulf is a highly turbid, shallow sedimentary basin whose coastal areas have been classified as optically complex Case II waters (where ocean colour sensors have been proved to be unreliable). Yet, there is no such study assessing the perf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
8,583 Views
14 Pages

The Gut-Microbiome in Gulf War Veterans: A Preliminary Report

  • Patricia A. Janulewicz,
  • Ratanesh K. Seth,
  • Jeffrey M. Carlson,
  • Joy Ajama,
  • Emily Quinn,
  • Timothy Heeren,
  • Nancy Klimas,
  • Steven M. Lasley,
  • Ronnie D. Horner and
  • Kimberly Sullivan
  • + 1 author

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS), immune and gastrointestinal (GI) systems of Gulf War veterans (GWV). We assessed the relationships between GWI, GI symptoms, gut microbiome and inf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,849 Views
20 Pages

10 November 2021

The availability of nearly three decades of sea-level estimates from satellite altimetry, for the period from 1993 to the present, is exploited for understanding the climatology of sea level and its long-term variability in the Arabian Gulf (also kno...

  • Review
  • Open Access
40 Citations
9,191 Views
29 Pages

Potential of Utilization of Renewable Energy Technologies in Gulf Countries

  • J. Sadhik Basha,
  • Tahereh Jafary,
  • Ranjit Vasudevan,
  • Jahanzeb Khan Bahadur,
  • Muna Al Ajmi,
  • Aadil Al Neyadi,
  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar,
  • MA Mujtaba,
  • Abrar Hussain and
  • Waqar Ahmed
  • + 3 authors

14 September 2021

This critical review report highlights the enormous potentiality and availability of renewable energy sources in the Gulf region. The earth suffers from extreme air pollution, climate changes, and extreme problems due to the enormous usage of undergr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,690 Views
10 Pages

Multiple Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries Are Associated with Increased Rates of Health Symptoms and Gulf War Illness in a Cohort of 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans

  • Megan K. Yee,
  • Patricia A. Janulewicz,
  • Daniel R. Seichepine,
  • Kimberly A. Sullivan,
  • Susan P. Proctor and
  • Maxine H. Krengel

Recent research demonstrated a relation between traumatic brain injury (TBI), health symptoms and diagnosis of Gulf War Illness (GWI) in Gulf War Veterans, but no study has examined the impact of multiple mild TBIs (mTBIs). A total of 229 male Gulf W...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,508 Views
21 Pages

Dust Deposition on the Gulf of California Caused by Santa Ana Winds

  • Christian A. Álvarez,
  • José N. Carbajal,
  • Luis F. Pineda-Martínez,
  • José Tuxpan and
  • David E. Flores

10 March 2020

Numerical simulations revealed a profound interaction between the severe dust storm of 2007 caused by Santa Ana winds and the Gulf of California. The weather research and forecasting model coupled with a chemistry module (WRF-CHEM) and the hybrid sin...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,554 Views
15 Pages

The influence of the Gulf Stream on the wind wave characteristics is investigated. Wave–current interaction inside the current field can result in significant inhomogeneities of the wave field that change the wave spectrum and wave statistics....

  • Study Protocol
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,795 Views
13 Pages

Genomics of Gulf War Illness in U.S. Veterans Who Served during the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War: Methods and Rationale for Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #2006

  • Krishnan Radhakrishnan,
  • Elizabeth R. Hauser,
  • Renato Polimanti,
  • Drew A. Helmer,
  • Dawn Provenzale,
  • Rebecca B. McNeil,
  • Alysia Maffucci,
  • Rachel Quaden,
  • Hongyu Zhao and
  • Stacey B. Whitbourne
  • + 8 authors

Background: Approximately 697,000 members of the U.S. Armed Forces were deployed to the Persian Gulf in support of the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War (GW). Subsequently, many deployed and some non-deployed veterans developed a chronic multi-symptom illne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,672 Views
13 Pages

Tidal Energy Flows between the Midriff Islands in the Gulf of California

  • Federico Angel Velazquez-Muñoz and
  • Anatoliy Filonov

26 January 2021

The Gulf of California has many regions of potential tidal-stream energy that have been identified and characterized using in-situ measurements and numerical ocean models. The Midriff Islands region has received particular attention due to its increa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,255 Views
21 Pages

Seasonal Wind Energy Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico

  • Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno,
  • Gerardo Alcalá and
  • Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo

23 December 2019

In line with Mexico’s interest in determining its wind resources, in this paper, 141 locations along the states of the Gulf of Mexico have been analyzed by calculating the main wind characteristics, such as the Weibull shape (c) and scale (k) p...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,990 Views
44 Pages

Marine Natural Products from the Beibu Gulf: Sources, Chemistry, and Bioactivities

  • Jiamin Wang,
  • Yuning Qin,
  • Miaoping Lin,
  • Yingying Song,
  • Humu Lu,
  • Xinya Xu,
  • Yonghong Liu,
  • Xuefeng Zhou,
  • Chenghai Gao and
  • Xiaowei Luo

19 January 2023

Marine natural products (MNPs) play an important role in the discovery and development of new drugs. The Beibu Gulf of South China Sea harbors four representative marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, seaweed beds, and coastal wetlands...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,672 Views
19 Pages

PON1 Status in Relation to Gulf War Illness: Evidence of Gene–Exposure Interactions from a Multisite Case–Control Study of 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans

  • Lea Steele,
  • Clement E. Furlong,
  • Rebecca J. Richter,
  • Judit Marsillach,
  • Patricia A. Janulewicz,
  • Maxine H. Krengel,
  • Nancy G. Klimas,
  • Kimberly Sullivan and
  • Linda L. Chao

Background: Deployment-related neurotoxicant exposures are implicated in the etiology of Gulf War illness (GWI), the multisymptom condition associated with military service in the 1990–1991 Gulf War (GW). A Q/R polymorphism at position 192 of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,377 Views
21 Pages

Marine Environmental Regionalization for the Beibu Gulf Based on a Physical-Biological Model

  • Huanglei Pan,
  • Xiaolong Yu,
  • Dishi Liu,
  • Dalin Shi,
  • Shengyun Yang and
  • Weiran Pan

11 February 2021

A physical–biological ocean model was employed to investigate characteristics of the Beibu Gulf in the northwest South China Sea (SCS) from 2011 to 2015. We adopted the spatially constrained multivariate clustering method to determine the refined mar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,840 Views
20 Pages

Distribution, Magnitude, and Variability of Natural Oil Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico

  • Carrie O’Reilly,
  • Mauricio Silva,
  • Samira Daneshgar Asl,
  • William P. Meurer and
  • Ian R. MacDonald

30 June 2022

The Gulf of Mexico is a hydrocarbon-rich region characterized by the presence of floating oil slicks from persistent natural hydrocarbon seeps, which are reliably captured by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imaging. Improving the state of kn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,208 Views
17 Pages

Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Thermal Front in the Beibu Gulf in Winter

  • Ruili Sun,
  • Xindi Song,
  • Shuangyan He,
  • Peiliang Li,
  • Yanzhen Gu and
  • Chaojie Zhou

29 January 2025

Using satellite-observed data and reanalysis data, we studied the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of thermal fronts in the Beibu Gulf (TFIBG). TFIBG occur in December, reach their strongest point in January in the foll...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,463 Views
20 Pages

Enhanced Impact of Land Reclamation on the Tide in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf

  • Jingfang Lu,
  • Yibo Zhang,
  • Ruichen Cao,
  • Xianqing Lv,
  • Minjie Xu,
  • Guandong Gao and
  • Qiang Liu

2 November 2023

Based on the method for identifying the boundary of movable water bodies (MWBB), the spatial distribution of reclamation projects in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf were identified over the past 40 years and the impact of these engineering facilities on hydro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
83 Citations
8,346 Views
14 Pages

27 August 2017

Dust is a common weather phenomenon in the Arabian Gulf, which has severely affected economy and health. Sand and dust storms (SDS) trajectories in the Arabian Gulf were temporally and spatially monitored from March 2000 to March 2017. Eight major SD...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,105 Views
22 Pages

The Million Veteran Program 1990–1991 Gulf War Era Survey: An Evaluation of Veteran Response, Characteristics, and Representativeness of the Gulf War Era Veteran Population

  • Kelly M. Harrington,
  • Rachel Quaden,
  • Lea Steele,
  • Drew A. Helmer,
  • Elizabeth R. Hauser,
  • Sarah T. Ahmed,
  • Mihaela Aslan,
  • Krishnan Radhakrishnan,
  • Jacqueline Honerlaw and
  • Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen
  • + 6 authors

To address gaps in understanding the pathophysiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI), the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) developed and implemented a survey to MVP enrollees who served in the U.S. military during the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War (GW)....

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
10,245 Views
29 Pages

Microplastics in the Gulf of Mexico: A Bird’s Eye View

  • Jacquelyn K. Grace,
  • Elena Duran,
  • Mary Ann Ottinger,
  • Mark S. Woodrey and
  • Terri J. Maness

27 June 2022

Microplastic debris is a persistent, ubiquitous global pollutant in oceans, estuaries, and freshwater systems. Some of the highest reported concentrations of microplastics, globally, are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), which is home to the majority of p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,835 Views
14 Pages

Long-Term and Seasonal Analysis of Storm-Wave Events in the Gulf of California

  • Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa,
  • Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina,
  • Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta and
  • Sergio Arturo Rentería-Guevara

4 March 2025

Coastal zones are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena such as storm–wave events. Understanding storm-wave events is essential for sustainable coastal management. This study analyzed the temporal variability (both long-term and season...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,725 Views
12 Pages

Association of Gulf War Illness-Related Symptoms with Military Exposures among 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans Evaluated at the War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC)

  • Sarah T. Ahmed,
  • Lea Steele,
  • Peter Richardson,
  • Shree Nadkarni,
  • Sandhya Bandi,
  • Mazhgan Rowneki,
  • Kellie J. Sims,
  • Jacqueline Vahey,
  • Elizabeth J. Gifford and
  • Stephen H. Boyle
  • + 7 authors

27 February 2022

Veterans with difficult-to-diagnose conditions who receive care in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system can be referred for evaluation at one of three specialty VA War-Related Illness and Injury Study Centers (WRIISC). Veterans o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,270 Views
15 Pages

The tidal currents of the Gulf of Morbihan reach up to 3.5 m/s within a narrow (200 m large) channel connecting the sea to the inner part of the gulf. In this study, a Telemac2D model validated with a large dataset of field measurements is used to as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,383 Views
71 Pages

2 March 2023

Thirty-one nominal species of the benthic harpacticoid family Zosimeidae Seifried, 2003 are known from several coastal systems less than 200 m depth and the deep sea. Several copepods of the family Zosimeidae were found in deep-sea sediment samples f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
881 Views
18 Pages

9 August 2025

The Beibu Gulf’s ocean circulation system regulates regional marine ecosystems, sediment transport, and coastal geomorphology while also supporting vital economic activities. This study integrates one-year current observations from four in-situ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,381 Views
14 Pages

A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf

  • Zhi Zeng,
  • Jinwen Liu,
  • Xin Zhao,
  • Zhijie Chen,
  • Yanyu Chen,
  • Bo Chen,
  • Maochong Shi and
  • Wei He

16 October 2024

This study analyzed the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of temperature and salinity in the central and eastern regions of the Beibu Gulf, based on conductivity measurements in summer 2022, temperature, and depth (CTD) measurement...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,618 Views
20 Pages

17 September 2022

Extreme events such as Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) and Low Chlorophyll-a (LChl-a) in the ocean have devastating impacts on the marine environment, particularly when they occur simultaneously (i.e., the compound of MHWs and LChl-a events). In this study,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,631 Views
17 Pages

28 March 2023

The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise in the Gulf region, with most patients being diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages. Surgery is a treatment option for only a few, and the majority of patients receive either locor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,942 Views
18 Pages

Most Relevant Sustainability Criteria for Urban Infrastructure Projects—AHP Analysis for the Gulf States

  • Kamran Khan,
  • Katarzyna Szopik Depczyńska,
  • Izabela Dembińska and
  • Giuseppe Ioppolo

8 November 2022

Infrastructure projects require lifecycle-based assessment, considering the interests of multiple stakeholders concerning the three pillars of sustainability. There has been a heightened curiosity in employing sustainability indicators for gauging th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,967 Views
12 Pages

24 July 2024

Enteroviruses are RNA viruses that initiate infections through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are associated with enteric illness in individuals of all ages. Most serious infections of enteroviruses are in infants and young children where it is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
11,998 Views
21 Pages

8 March 2022

Given the increase in online shopping and the prevailing research gap, this study designed and implemented an online shopping system for Gulf brands. It presents an online customization feature-based design and implementation concerning the case of G...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,961 Views
17 Pages

Seasonal Variability in Ocean Heat Content and Heat Flux in the Arabian Gulf

  • Afnan Y. Alsayed,
  • Mohammed A. Alsaafani,
  • Abdullah M. Al-Subhi,
  • Turki M. Alraddadi and
  • Ahmed M. Taqi

28 February 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variability in surface heat content in the Arabian Gulf (AG) based on hydrographic data. The ocean heat content (OHC) was initially estimated from surface to maximum depth (75 m) to show the seasonal variabil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,173 Views
22 Pages

Mechanisms Driving Recent Sea-Level Acceleration in the Gulf of Guinea

  • Ayinde Akeem Shola,
  • Huaming Yu,
  • Kejian Wu and
  • Nir Krakauer

15 August 2025

The Gulf of Guinea is undergoing accelerated sea-level rise (SLR), with localized rates surpassing 10 mm yr−1, more than double the global mean. Integrating GRACE/FO ocean mass data, reanalysis products, and machine learning, we identify a regi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,175 Views
12 Pages

Approximately 30 percent of U.S. veterans deployed during the Gulf War (1990–1991) have been diagnosed with Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic multi-symptom disorder without widely available specific treatments. We investigated whether the consu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,306 Views
14 Pages

19 December 2017

The Gulf of Alaska is a highly productive ecosystem that supports fisheries and subsistence harvesting of marine resources. The highly productive summer season begins with a bloom that is dominated by diatoms. Both river and submarine groundwater dis...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,356 Views
15 Pages

This review summarizes the findings from studies of trace element levels in marine sediment and organisms in the Gulf of Thailand. Spatial and temporal variations in trace element concentrations were observed. Although trace element contamination lev...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,710 Views
10 Pages

Determinants of Hurricane Evacuation from a Large Representative Sample of the U.S. Gulf Coast

  • Ibraheem M. Karaye,
  • Jennifer A. Horney,
  • David P. Retchless and
  • Ashley D. Ross

Exposure to natural disasters like hurricanes negatively impacts the mental and physical health of populations, and evacuation is an important step taken to prevent these adverse health events. This study uses data from a large representative sample...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,062 Views
20 Pages

Marine Mammals’ Fauna Detection via eDNA Methodology in Pagasitikos Gulf (Greece)

  • Elena Akritopoulou,
  • Athanasios Exadactylos,
  • Anastasia Komnenou,
  • Joanne Sarantopoulou,
  • Christos Domenikiotis and
  • Georgios A. Gkafas

3 October 2025

Marine mammals are important ecological bio-indicators of marine ecosystems impacted by a plethora of anthropogenic and environmental threats. Genomics detects genetic variation, adaptation to environmental shifts, and susceptibility to diseases in m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,931 Views
15 Pages

24 February 2024

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) have extensive harmed private landowners throughout the southern United States, especially in the West Gulf Region. Managing feral swine on private land is becoming increasingly critical and challenging to reduce both ecologi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,002 Views
12 Pages

24 November 2020

The spatiotemporal distribution of fishing grounds in the Beibu Gulf and its relationship with marine environment were analyzed using the survey data of light falling-net vessels and satellite remote sensing data including sea surface temperature (SS...

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