A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Analysis of Temperature and Salinity Distribution Characteristics in Summer 2022
2.1. Data
2.2. Spatial Distribution of Temperature and Salinity
2.3. Section Distribution of Temperature and Salinity
3. Numerical Calculation of Temperature and Circulation in the Beibu Gulf
3.1. Model Description and Configuration
3.2. Numerical Calculation of the Surface Temperature Field in the Beibu Gulf in 2022
3.3. Results of the Circulation in the Beibu Gulf in August 2022
- (1)
- The surface circulation in August 2022 was significantly different from the 20-year average surface circulation: in August 2022, the SCS water coming from the bay mouth only reached as far north as 20°20′ N before returning to the bay mouth from both sides of the main flow, whereas in the multi-year average circulation, the SCS water reached as far north as 21°20′ N before turning left and moving in a cyclonic manner.
- (2)
- The middle-layer circulation in August 2022 showed significant differences from the 20-year average middle circulation: the multi-year average circulation pattern was similar to that of the surface layer, but the SCS water only reached as far north as 21° N before turning left and moving in a cyclonic manner; in August 2022, two southward currents north of 20° N forced the SCS water coming from the bay mouth to stop near 20° N.
- (3)
- The bottom-layer circulation was basically similar between the two, indicating that the bottom-layer circulation in August, a typical summer month for the Beibu Gulf, is very stable.
4. Discussion
4.1. The Impact of the Qiongzhou Strait Flux
4.2. Impact of the Circulation in the Beibu Gulf on the Ecosystem
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wang, H.; Fu, D.; Liu, D.; Xiao, X.; He, X.; Liu, B. Analysis and Prediction of Significant Wave Height in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 2021, 126, e2020JC017144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, B.; Xu, Z.; Ya, H.; Chen, X.; Xu, M. Impact of the water input from the eastern Qiongzhou Strait to the Beibu Gulf on Guangxi coastal circulation. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 2019, 38, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Yang, H.; Xing-hu, W. Spatiotemporal Variation in Precipitation During Rainy Season in Beibu Gulf, South China, From 1961 to 2016. Water 2020, 12, 1170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, J.; Chen, B.; Shi, M. Summer circulation structure and formation mechanism in the Beibu Gulf. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2014, 58, 286–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cao, Z.; Bao, M.; Guan, W.; Chen, Q. Water-mass evolution and the seasonal change in northeast of the Beibu Gulf, China. Oceanol. Et Limnol. Sin. 2019, 50, 532–542. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, Y.; Chen, B.; Bao, X.; Shi, M. Study on Circulation and Related Ecological Environment of Beibu Gulf; China Ocean University Press: Qingdao, China, 2024. [Google Scholar]
- Su, J.; Yuan, Y. China Offshore Hydrology; China Ocean Press: Beijing, China, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Tan, G.H. Preliminary analysis of hydrologic structure and hydrologic feature in the sea region of the Beibu Gulf. Trans. Oceanol. Limnol. 1987, 4, 7–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, M.; Liu, J. The system and pattern of the South China Sea circulation. Ocean Predict. 1993, 10, 13–17. [Google Scholar]
- Xu, X.; Qiu, Z.; Chen, H. Overview of the horizontal circulation in the South China Sea. In Proceedings of the 1980 Symposium on Hydrometeology of the Chinese Society of Oceanology and Limnology; Oceanologia et Limnlolgia Sinica: Qingdao, China, 1982; pp. 137–145. [Google Scholar]
- Zhuang, M.; Ji, L.; Lin, J. Wind, Waves and Currents in the Northern Part of the South China Sea; Ministry of Geology South China Sea Geological Survey Headquarters Comprehensive Research Brigade: Guangzhou, China, 1981. [Google Scholar]
- Xia, Y.; Li, S.; Shi, M. Three-D numerical simulation of wind-driven current and density current in the Beibu Gulf. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 2001, 20, 455–472. [Google Scholar]
- Zu, T. Analysis of the Current and Its Mechanism in the Beibu Gulf. Master’s Thesis, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, D.; Wang, Y.; Lin, X.; Yang, J. On the mechanism of the cyclonic circulation in the Gulf of Tonkin in the summer. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 2008, 113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Z. Numerical Simulation on Seasonal Variation of Ocean Circulation and Its Dynamic Mechanism in the Beibu Gulf. Doctor Dissertation, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Bao, X.W.; Hou, Y.J.; Chen, C.S.; Chen, F.; Shi, M.C. Analysis of characteristics and mechanism of current system on the west coast of Guangdong of China in summer. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 2005, 24, 1–9. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, S.; Bao, X.; Chen, C.; Chen, F. Analysis on characteristics and mechanism of current system in west coast of Guangdong Province in the summer. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 2003, 25, 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, C.; Beardsley, R.; Cowles, G. An Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) System. Oceanography 2006, 19, 78–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, C.; Liu, H.; Beardsley, R.C. An Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume, Three-Dimensional, Primitive Equations Ocean Model: Application to Coastal Ocean and Estuaries. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 2003, 20, 159–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, Y.; Bao, X.; Zhou, L.; Bi, C.; Chu, Q. Modeling the westward transversal current in the southern Yellow Sea entrance: A case study in winter 2007. Ocean Dynam 2020, 70, 803–825. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Justic, D.; Wang, L.X. Application of Unstructured-Grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) to the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone. In Proceedings of the Oceans 2009 Conference, Biloxi, MS, USA, 26–29 October 2009; pp. 281–285. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, Y.; Song, D.; Wang, N.; Ding, Y.; Shi, M.; Chen, B.; Bao, X. Baroclinic responses of Qiongzhou Strait throughflow to different forcings. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2024, 308, 108938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mellor, G.; Yamada, T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. 1982, 20, 851–875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smagorinsky, J. General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment. Mon. Weather Rev. 1963, 91, 99–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luu, T.N.M.; Garnier, J.; Billen, G.; Orange, D.; Némery, J.; Le, T.P.Q.; Tran, H.T.; Le, L.A. Hydrological regime and water budget of the Red River Delta (Northern Vietnam). J. Asian Earth Sci. 2010, 37, 219–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, J.; Xue, H.; Chai, F.; Shi, M. Modeling the circulation in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea. Ocean Dyn. 2013, 63, 979–993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Zhu, S.; Zhang, W.; Zhou, L. Classification of High/Medium/Low Flow Year of the Yangtze River According to Runoff at Datong Station. J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 2018, 35, 19–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, L.; Wang, Z.; Huang, B. Resource research and application perspective of macroalgae of Beibu Gulf in China. Guangxi Sci. 2014, 21, 561–568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, G.; Liang, W.; Nong, H. Research Report on Coral Reef Resources in the Sea Area of the Weizhou Island; Guangxi Research Centre for Mangrove: Beihai, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, W.; Zheng, Z.; Zhang, T.; Chen, T. Strengthened marine heatwaves over the Beibu Gulf coral reef regions from 1960 to 2017. Haiyang Xuebao 2020, 42, 41–48. [Google Scholar]
Year/Month | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 13.10 | 15.99 | 6.08 | 7.19 | 8.51 | −6.70 | −1.38 | 2.12 |
20-Year Average | 11.36 | 9.06 | 5.91 | 3.61 | 2.83 | −1.42 | −1.74 | 0.97 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zeng, Z.; Liu, J.; Zhao, X.; Chen, Z.; Chen, Y.; Chen, B.; Shi, M.; He, W. A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf. Water 2024, 16, 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202943
Zeng Z, Liu J, Zhao X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Chen B, Shi M, He W. A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf. Water. 2024; 16(20):2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202943
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Zhi, Jinwen Liu, Xin Zhao, Zhijie Chen, Yanyu Chen, Bo Chen, Maochong Shi, and Wei He. 2024. "A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf" Water 16, no. 20: 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202943
APA StyleZeng, Z., Liu, J., Zhao, X., Chen, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, B., Shi, M., & He, W. (2024). A Circulation Study Based on the 2022 Sino–Vietnamese Joint Survey Data from the Beibu Gulf. Water, 16(20), 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202943