118 Results Found

Excess synaptic glutamate release has pathological consequences, and the inhibition of glutamate release is crucial for neuroprotection. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside (KR) is a flavonoid isolated from Schima superba with neuroprotective properties, and its...

Heart failure (HF) increases the probability of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanisms linking HF to AF are poorly understood. We investigated disturbances in Ca2+ signaling and electrophysiology in rabbit atrial...

Lamins are nuclear envelope proteins involved in various cellular functions, such as DNA modulation, cellular differentiation, and development. In this study, we investigate the role of histamine in lung cancer biology. Since it is known that lamin-A...

The spontaneous firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node, the physiological pacemaker of the heart, is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANCs) and is regulated by a “coupled-clock” pacemaker system, which integrates a “membrane cl...

Nicotine is the predominant addictive compound of tobacco and causes the acquisition of dependence through its interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and various neurotransmitter releases in the central nervous system. The Ca2+/calmoduli...

NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus consists of two opposing forces: long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens synapses and long-term depression (LTD), which weakens synapses. LTP and LTD are associated with memory formation...

Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a multifunctional serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinase, regulates diverse activities related to Ca2+-mediated neuronal plasticity in the brain, including synaptic activity and gene ex...

Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly abundant in the brain and exhibits broad substrate specificity, thereby it is thought to participate in the regulation of neuronal death and survival. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by...

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with increased oxidant generation. Oxidized Ca/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) can contribute to atrial arrhythmias by the stimulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release events, i.e., Ca spar...

Background: Intellectual disability with developmental delay is the most common developmental disorder. However, this diagnosis is rarely associated with congenital cardiomyopathy. In the current report, we present the case of a patient suffering fro...

The L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) function as the main entry points that convert myocyte membrane depolarization into calcium transients, which drive every heartbeat. There is increasing evidence to show that maladaptive remodeling of these channel...

Drugs of abuse cause enduring functional disorders in the brain reward circuits, leading to cravings and compulsive behavior. Although people may rehabilitate by detoxification, there is a high risk of relapse. Therefore, it is crucial to illuminate...

Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases widely expressed in many tissues that is capable of mediating diverse functional responses depending on i...

Our previous studies demonstrated that enzymatic removal of highly sulfated heparan sulfates with heparinase 1 impaired axonal excitability and reduced expression of ankyrin G at the axon initial segments in the CA1 region of the hippocampus ex vivo,...

Abnormal mitochondrial morphology, especially fragmented mitochondria, and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of a variety of human diseases including heart failure (HF). Although emerging evidence suggests a link between mitochondrial fragmenta...

Necroptosisis a regulatory programmed form of necrosis. Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a robust indicator of necroptosis. RIPK3 mediates myocardial necroptosis through activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca...

This study reports the identification of splice variants for the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) gene from Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, and Sogatella furcifera. CaMKII is a multifunctional serine/threonine prote...

We previously demonstrated that fatty acid-binding protein 3 null (FABP3−/−) mice exhibit resistance to nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Here, we confirm that the FABP3 inhibitor, MF1 ((4-(2-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-pheny...

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which is involved in the calcium signaling pathway, is an important regulator of cancer cell proliferation, motility, growth, and metastasis. The effects of CaMKII on hepatitis B virus (HBV) repli...

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) syndrome is one of the most controversial diseases in pediatric rheumatology. Despite first being described more than 25 years ago as the sudden and rap...

Lepidium apetalum Willd has been used to reduce edema and promote urination. Cis-desulfoglucotropaeolin (cis-DG) and trans-desulfoglucotropaeolin (trans-DG) were isolated from Lepidium apetalum Willd, and caused a significant increase in cell viabili...

The effects of enhanced late INa, a persistent component of the Na+ channel current, on the intracellular ion dynamics and the automaticity of the pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes were studied with fluorescent microscopy. Anemonia viridis toxin II (ATX-...

Rutaecarpine (RUT) is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa that exerts a cellular protective effect. However, its protective effects on endothelial cells and its mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we de...

The integral role of calmodulin in the amyloid pathway and neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer’s disease was first established leading to the “Calmodulin Hypothesis”. Continued research has extended our insight into the ce...

Intracellular emetic signals involved in the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist SR141716A were investigated. SR141716A (20 mg/kg, i.p.)-evoked vomiting occurred via both the central and peripheral mechanisms. This was accompanied by...

In mammals, the tachykinin 3 (TAC3)/tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3) systems have been confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of puberty onset. Using grass carp pituitary cells as the model, our recent study found that the TAC3 gene produ...

Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-...

Connexin-36 (Cx36) electrical synapses strengthen transmission in a calcium/calmodulin (CaM)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent manner similar to a mechanism whereby the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit NR2B facilitates che...

Calmodulin (CaM) is well known as an activator of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are basic signaling molecules in excitable cells and are crucial molecular targets for nervous system age...

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) comprises multiple isoforms with distinct nuclear variants that exert transcriptional control in a context-dependent manner. Among them, CaMKIIδB and δ9 in the heart, and CaMKII&gamm...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only harmful to cell survival but also essential to cell signaling through cysteine-based redox switches. In fact, ROS triggers the potential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The 90 kDa ri...

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in various cell types throughout the body. Its neuronal isoform CaMKIIα (alpha) centrally integrates physiological but also pathologic...

Pediatric neuroblastomas (NBs) are heterogeneous, aggressive, therapy-resistant embryonal tumors that originate from cells of neural crest origin committed to the sympathoadrenal progenitor cell lineage. Stress- and drug-resistance mechanisms drive p...

The activation of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) prevents cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from entering low-K+-induced apoptosis. In previous works, we showed that LTCCs are largely associated with caveolin-1-rich lipid rafts in the CGN plasma mem...

Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated smooth muscle cell (SMC) necroptosis has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the signaling steps downstream from RIPK3 during SMC necroptos...

Calmodulin (CaM) is the principal Ca2+ sensor protein in all eukaryotic cells, that upon binding to target proteins transduces signals encoded by global or subcellular-specific changes of Ca2+ concentration within the cell. The Ca2+/CaM complex as we...

Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix which possesses the neuroprotective effect. However, so far, the neuroprotective mechanism of PF has still not been fully uncovered. The Ca2+/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM...

The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous and central player in Ca2+ signaling that is best known for its functions in the brain. In particular, the α isoform of CaMKII has been the subject of intense research...

Melatonin (MEL) is a pleiotropic indolamine that reaches multiple intracellular targets. Among these, MEL binds to calmodulin (CaM) with high affinity. In presence of Ca2+, CaM binds to CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). The Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway re...

Phosphoinositide specific phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) activates diacylglycerol (DAG)/protein kinase C (PKC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) axes to regulate import events in some cancer cells,...

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) help to maintain the normal physiological contractility of arterial vessels to control blood pressure; they can also contribute to vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaM...

Based on the protein kinase A (PKA)/GSK3β interaction protein (GSKIP)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) axis, we hypothesized that these might play a role in Tau phosphorylation. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of Tau Ser409...

Glutamate toxicity is estimated to be the key cause of photoreceptor degeneration in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and Ca2+ influx induced by glutamate are responsible for the apoptosis process of photoreceptor d...

Reduction of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS) promotes longevity across species. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ablation of germline stem cells (GSCs) and activity changes of the conserved signaling mediators unc-4...

Calmodulin (CaM) is an important Ca2+-sensing protein with numerous downstream targets that are either CaM-dependant or CaM-regulated. In muscle, CaM-dependent proteins, which are critical regulators of dynamic Ca2+ handling and contractility, includ...

Secretoneurin (SN) is a 33 amino-acid evolutionary conserved neuropeptide from the chromogranin peptide family. SN’s main effects may be cardioprotective and are believed to be mediated through its inhibition of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (...

Enhancement of the late sodium current (INaL) increases arrhythmia propensity in the heart, whereas suppression of the current is antiarrhythmic. In the present study, we investigated INaL in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes under action potential v...

The thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing up to one-tenth of the total filtered load of sodium in the kidney. The actin cytoskeleton is thought to regulate various transp...

Optimizing physical training regimens to increase muscle aerobic capacity requires an understanding of the internal processes that occur during exercise that initiate subsequent adaptation. During exercise, muscle cells undergo a series of metabolic...

Insulin resistance (IR) is the principal pathophysiological change occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM). Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid primarily extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown in our previous resea...