Imagery-based 3D scanning can be performed by scanners with multiple form factors, ranging from small and inexpensive scanners requiring manual movement around a stationary object to large freestanding (nearly) instantaneous units. Small mobile units...
Advances in the scientific fields of photogrammetry and computer vision have led to the development of automated multi-image methods that solve the problem of 3D reconstruction. Simultaneously, 3D scanners have become a common source of data acquisit...
25 April 2025
Additive manufacturing, in combination with virtual surgery planning, leads to the predictability of complex surgical cases. To guarantee patient safety, three-dimensional (3D) print quality must be ensured and verified. The aim of this study is to c...
Background: To prospectively evaluate the reliability of a portable optical scanner compared to the water displacement technique for volumetric measurements of the foot and ankle and to compare the acquisition time associated with these two methods....
A micro-scanner made of stainless-steel is fabricated via laser cutting technology for 3D Lissajous confocal imaging. The multi-gimbaled structure of the device provides two orthogonal torsional modes and three different out-of-plane modes. Torsional...
This paper proposes the use of a pseudo-3D ball-lattice artifact to characterize a handheld laser scanner from a metrological standpoint. The artifact allows the computation of local and global errors in measurement by using the reference-frame-indep...
In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, research and development of application technologies that combine high-tech technologies have been actively conducted. Building information modeling (BIM) technology using advanced equipment is considered promisin...
The human body is one of the most complicated objects to model because of its complex features, non-rigidity, and the time required to take body measurements. Basic technologies available in this field range from small and low-cost scanners that must...
(1) Background: Facial scanners are used in different fields of dentistry to digitalize the soft tissues of the patient’s face. The development of technology has allowed the patient to have a 3-dimensional virtual representation, facilitating f...
This study evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of craniofacial measurements with a 3D light scanner, specifically the EINSTAR scanner, in comparison to traditional caliper measurements for facial anthropometry. Eleven volunteers were assessed by...
The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of a hand-held, structured-light 3D scanner (EINScan Pro 2X Plus with High Definition Prime Pack, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), to support its potenti...
Structured light 3D shape metrology has become a very important technique and one of the hot research topics in 3D face recognition. However, it is still very challenging to use the digital light projector (DLP) in a 3D scanner and achieve high-speed...
Imaging using millimeter waves (MMW) and terahertz (THz) waves can help inspect hazardous materials hidden beneath clothing in a non-contact and non-invasive manner. A 3D terahertz imaging system for security gate applications in the 275–305 GH...
The calibrator is one of the most important factors in the calibration of various laser 3D scanning instruments. The requirements for the diffuse reflection surface are emphasized in many national standards. In this study, spherical calibrator and pl...
Background: Accurate facial proportion analysis is essential for therapeutic planning in dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the Planmeca ProFace 3D scanner’s accuracy by comparing its digital measurements to analog caliper measurements. Me...
The article describes a method of simulated 3D scanning of triangle meshes based on ray casting which is used to find the optimal configuration of a real 3D scanner turntable. The configuration include the number of scanners, their elevation above th...
The truncated signed distance field (TSDF) has been applied as a fast, accurate, and flexible geometric fusion method in 3D reconstruction of industrial products based on a hand-held laser line scanner. However, this method has some problems for the...
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a 3D ultrasound scanning method. The main requirements were the freehand architecture of the scanner and high accuracy of the reconstructions. A quantitative evaluation of a freehand 3D ultrasound sca...
Mechanical Sonar Scanning (MSS) is a recent technology that allows sonar to be used for static measurements in the same way as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), which makes it an attractive tool for underwater infrastructure surveys. Nevertheless, th...
This study proposes a method for detecting and tracking traversable regions in off-road conditions for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Off-road conditions, such as rough terrain or fields, present significant challenges for UGV navigation, and detec...
High-throughput phenotyping involves many samples and diverse trait types. For the goal of automatic measurement and batch data processing, a novel method for high-throughput legume seed phenotyping is proposed. A pipeline of automatic data acquisiti...
The study aimed to evaluate changes in buccal gingival contour following implant surgery using the simultaneous roll technique on Seibert class I defects, as determined by 3D intraoral scan data. Three patients requiring implant placement were recrui...
The effect of temperature on three-dimensional (3D) structured light scanners is a very complex issue that, under some conditions, can lead to significant deterioration of performed measurements. In this paper, we present the results of several studi...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental three-dimensional (3D) scanners according to the types of teeth. A computer-aided design (CAD) reference model (CRM) was obtained by scanning the reference typodont model using a high-p...
Digital dentistry is undergoing rapid evolution, with three-dimensional imaging technologies increasingly integrated into routine clinical workflows. Originally developed for accurate dental arch reconstruction, modern intraoral scanners have demonst...
Underwater inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) operations are being increasingly robotized in order to reduce safety issues and costs. These robotic systems rely on vision sensors to perform fundamental tasks, such as navigation and object recog...
The urgent need to improve performance in the construction industry has led to the adoption of many innovative technologies. 3D laser scanners are amongst the leading technologies being used to capture and process assets or construction project data...
This study proposes a method to acquire an accurate 3D point cloud in radioactive and underwater environments using industrial 3D scanners. Applications of robotic systems at nuclear facility dismantling require 3D imaging equipment for localization...
The objective of this study was to examine total knee polyethylene inserts from in vitro simulation to evaluate and display—using a 3D optical scanner—wear patterns and wear rates of inserts exposed to wear by means of simulators. Various sets of tib...
When a limb suffers a fracture, rupture, or dislocation, it is traditionally immobilized with plaster. This may induce discomfort in the patient, as well as excessive itching and sweating, which creates the growth of bacteria, leading to an unhygieni...
High-rise buildings subjected to lateral loads such as wind and earthquake loads must be checked not to exceed the limits on the maximum lateral displacement or the maximum inter-story drift ratios. In this paper, a sensing model for deformed shapes...
The electrostatic MEMS scanner plays an important role in the miniaturization of the microscopic imaging system. We have developed a new two-dimensional (2D) parametrically-resonant MEMS scanner with patterned Au coating (>90% reflectivity at an N...
3D vision systems are more and more required in a large variety of applications and mostly for mechanical and medical purposes. This paper presents the study and realization of a prototype of a structured light automated tilt-rotational 3D vision sys...
In the engineering practice of performing robotic measurements with a 2D scanner, a major difficulty is to accurately determine the tool center point (TCP) quickly and easily since it does not exist as a physical object. The article proposes an algor...
Nowadays, research in autonomous underwater manipulation has demonstrated simple applications like picking an object from the sea floor, turning a valve or plugging and unplugging a connector. These are fairly simple tasks compared with those already...
Many applications, like mobile robotics, can profit from acquiring dense, wide-ranging and accurate 3D laser data. Off-the-shelf 2D scanners are commonly customized with an extra rotation as a low-cost, lightweight and low-power-demanding solution. M...
This paper focuses on converting complex 3D maps created by LiDAR and SLAM technology into simple 2D maps to make them easier to understand. While 3D maps provide a lot of useful details for robots and computer programs, they can be difficult to read...
Research on the value and nature of physical quantities allows for a detailed understanding of the conditions in the studied area, and the quality and precision of the final conclusions depend on the accuracy of the measurements. In order to increase...
It is well known that wear occurring in polyethylene menisci is a significant clinical problem. At this regard, wear tests on biomaterials medical devices are performed in order to assess their pre-clinical performance in terms of wear, durability, r...
Wear is a significant mechanical and clinical problem. To acquire further knowledge on the tribological phenomena that involve freeform mechanical components or medical prostheses, wear tests are performed on biomedical and industrial materials in or...
Digital tools as 3D (three-dimensional) modelling and imaging techniques are having an increasing role in many applicative fields, thanks to some significative features, such as their powerful communicative capacity, versatility of the results and no...
In this work, we show how miniature step gauges featuring unidirectional and bidirectional lengths can be used to assess the performance of 3D optical scanners as well as the accuracy of novel Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. A miniature step g...
Portable 3D laser scanners are a valuable tool for compiling elaborate digital collections of archaeological objects and analysing the shapes and dimensions of pieces. Although low-cost desktop 3D laser scanners have powerful capacities, it is import...
This paper is focused on the automatic construction of 3D basic-semantic models of inhabited interiors using laser scanners with the help of RFID technologies. This is an innovative approach, in whose field scarce publications exist. The general stra...
Recent researches have proven that the underbridge geometry can be reconstructed by mounting a 3D laser scanner on a motorized cart travelling on a walkway located under the bridge. The walkway is moved by a truck and the accuracy of the bridge model...
We aim to present a method to measure 3D luminance point clouds by applying the integrated high dynamic range (HDR) panoramic camera system of a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instrument for performing luminance measurements simultaneously with las...
Ballistic penetration of machine guards is a topic of great significance for ensuring safety and avoiding projection of objects out of the working space of machines. Although standardized tests are performed according to EU Directive 2006/42/EC, they...
Visualizing magnetic fields is essential for studying the operation of electromagnetic systems and devices that use permanent magnets or magnetic particles. However, commercial devices for this purpose are often expensive due to their complex designs...
Along many Mediterranean coasts, the detached seagrass material of Posidonia oceanica creates seagrass berms that control the structure and morphodynamics of sandy beaches. Here, we show how Terrestrial Laser Scanner remote sensing data allows analyz...
Three-dimensional scanning serves a large variety of uses. It can be utilized to generate objects for, after possible modification, 3D printing. It can facilitate reverse engineering, replication of artifacts to allow interaction without risking cult...
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