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  • Article
  • Open Access

6 February 2026

This study examines how international students learning Romanian interpret and apply the Cooperative Principle in everyday and academic interaction. The research is grounded in the observation that pragmatic competence often develops unevenly in seco...

  • Article
  • Open Access
114 Views
22 Pages

Reflexivity and Reciprocity in Two Arabic Varieties: Evidence for REF-REC Category

  • Abdulazeez Jaradat,
  • Dina Mahmoud Hammouri,
  • Muneir Gwasmeh and
  • Ahmad S. Haider

30 January 2026

Languages vary in expressing reflexivity and reciprocity. In some languages, reflexive and reciprocal constructions are formally identical, while in some other languages, they are distinct. The third group comprises languages that have non-reflexive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
270 Views
22 Pages

Incremental Processing of Laughter in Interaction

  • Vladislav Maraev,
  • Arash Eshghi,
  • Chiara Mazzocconi and
  • Christine Howes

29 January 2026

In dialogue, laughter is a frequent non-verbal signal that can precede, follow, or overlap its antecedent—the laughable. Furthermore, the time alignment between the laughter and the laughable is dependent on who produces the laughable, whether...

  • Review
  • Open Access
264 Views
28 Pages

Animation in Speech, Language, and Communication Assessment of Children: A Scoping Review

  • Triantafyllia I. Vlachou,
  • Maria Kambanaros,
  • Arhonto Terzi and
  • Voula C. Georgopoulos

29 January 2026

Animation has been used to assess speech, language, and communication skills in children. We aimed to map and synthesize relevant research addressing how and when animation is used for assessment purposes in speech–language pathology practice....

  • Article
  • Open Access
186 Views
17 Pages

Hybrid Compound Formation in Classical and Modern Papiamentu

  • Gabriel Antunes de Araujo and
  • Guilherme Mendes

29 January 2026

Papiamentu is a creole language lexified by Portuguese and Spanish. In addition to its Iberian foundational lexicon, it has been influenced by Dutch and English. This study analyzes hybrid compound formation in Classical Papiamentu (CP) and Modern Pa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
251 Views
19 Pages

29 January 2026

The role of metapragmatics in maintaining interactional coherence and achieving intersubjectivity has been variously underscored in the last three decades. In particular, raising metapragmatic awareness has become increasingly salient in research on...

  • Review
  • Open Access
248 Views
19 Pages

27 January 2026

This study analyses the variety of the language used in textbooks for teaching Italian as a second/foreign language. These books use a language much closer to written than to spoken Italian and do not consider its varieties, providing examples and ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
247 Views
23 Pages

14 January 2026

Background/Objectives: The first step in learning an alphabetic writing system is to establish letter–sound associations. This process is more difficult for children with dyslexia (DYS) than for typically developing (TD) children. Cerebral mech...

  • Article
  • Open Access
189 Views
22 Pages

13 January 2026

This paper offers the first long-range account of the grammaticalization of the Vietnamese perception verb thấy ‘see’ from the 13th to the mid-20th century. Using a balanced diachronic corpus of ten representative texts (1345 tokens...

  • Article
  • Open Access
433 Views
24 Pages

The Evolution of Spanish Ver ‘to See’ in Constructions with a Predicate Participle or Adjective

  • Chantal Melis,
  • María Isabel Jiménez Martínez and
  • Milagros Alfonso Vega

31 December 2025

The focus in this corpus-based study is on a set of Spanish constructions formed with the verb of visual perception, ver ‘to See’, and a predicate adjective or participle. In addition to a clearly recognizable transitive schema, the set i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
685 Views
28 Pages

31 December 2025

While Greek EFL learners’ pragmatic competence has been frequently investigated, few studies have focused on Greek EFL teachers’ pragmatic knowledge. Complementing these earlier studies based on semi-structured interviews, we employed an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
350 Views
20 Pages

31 December 2025

This study, based on naturalistic discourse in Mano and on both morphosyntactic and prosodic characteristics, analyses the Mano constructions formed with the marker lɛ́, including the identifying construction, referent introduction, focus,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
479 Views
35 Pages

30 December 2025

This study explores how Spanish/Catalan bilinguals acquire requests in Greek as a Foreign Language (FL), focusing on the role of proficiency in different communicative contexts. Fifty-four learners of Greek from different proficiency levels and fifty...

  • Article
  • Open Access
389 Views
40 Pages

29 December 2025

This contribution explores transgenerational language change in a historical migrant community by qualitatively examining the correspondence of first- and second-generation Scottish immigrants coming to New Zealand in the nineteenth century. Taking a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,154 Views
24 Pages

26 December 2025

Morocco has recently been cited by the Institute of International Education as a leading destination for Arabic study abroad. However, research has shown that ideologies of language purism and unintelligibility position Eastern varieties of Arabic as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
955 Views
21 Pages

24 December 2025

This study examines lexical and syntactic convergence between Dai Lue and Chinese in the multilingual environment of Sipsongpanna, employing an apparent-time approach across three generational cohorts (N = 90, balanced gender). Through mixed-methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
413 Views
23 Pages

24 December 2025

In Contemporary Portuguese, jamais ‘never’ is a negative indefinite that encodes temporal semantics and belongs to the set of strong Negative Polarity Items, being able to express negation on its own, in preverbal position. However, it or...

  • Article
  • Open Access
629 Views
16 Pages

23 December 2025

This study examined how variability in phonetic training input (high vs. low) influences the perception and acquisition of Spanish stop consonants by English-speaking beginners. A total of 128 participants completed 20 online identification sessions...

  • Article
  • Open Access
630 Views
63 Pages

18 December 2025

This article presents ongoing work on the aspectual properties of verb predicates, in particular, the classes of activities and accomplishments. Herein, we focus on incremental theme predicates, starting with consumption verbs as one of the represent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
720 Views
22 Pages

16 December 2025

The family serves as a critical domain for ethnic minority children to acquire their ethnic language. It plays a vital role in fostering multilingual competence and sustaining language diversity. Therefore, the family language planning (FLP) of ethni...

  • Article
  • Open Access
473 Views
12 Pages

12 December 2025

The so-called canonical clause, consisting of case-marked NPs and a final finite verb, has played a central role in discussions of Japanese for the past several decades. The current study explores the nature of such clauses in everyday Japanese conve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
562 Views
16 Pages

11 December 2025

Written language is a multimodal system that integrates visual, phonological, and semantic information. This study examines whether orthographic visual distinctiveness—the degree to which word forms differ visually—acts as a structural co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
608 Views
20 Pages

9 December 2025

In this article, I underscore the value of nuanced, speaker-focused approaches to dialect contact, which both complement and extend community-based perspectives. I pursue this goal through two main strategies. First, I use a mixed-methods approach th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
766 Views
25 Pages

Declination and Segmentation in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

  • Jill C. Thorson,
  • Rachel T. Babcock,
  • Julia M. Fisher,
  • Kirrie J. Ballard and
  • Donald A. Robin

30 November 2025

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is characterized by atypical timing between segments, leading to prosodic disruption at the lexical level. This study tested whether prosodic impairment in CAS extends to the intonational level by examining declinati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,299 Views
33 Pages

Language Change and Migration: /s/ Variation in Lima, Peru

  • Carol A. Klee,
  • Rocío Caravedo,
  • Brandon M. A. Rogers,
  • Aaron Rendahl,
  • Lindsey Dietz and
  • Kha T. Tran

29 November 2025

In Peru, large-scale migration from the provinces to Lima in the second half of the twentieth century has created a context of intense language and dialect contact. This study examines /s/ variation among migrants from the Andean region, where Quechu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
673 Views
26 Pages

29 November 2025

Studies of children’s narratives have shown that selecting appropriate forms to reintroduce a referent compared to retaining a referent is challenging because it requires the integration of different accessibility features. Bilingual children are mor...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
364 Views
4 Pages

Current Issues in Vietnamese Linguistics: An Introduction

  • Trang Phan,
  • Nigel Duffield and
  • Chao-Ting Tim Chou

29 November 2025

This Special Issue of Languages, part of the ISVL (International Symposium on Vietnamese Linguistics) series, presents revised papers from the 4th and 5th ISVL workshops, hosted by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in 2024 and Ca’ Foscar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
760 Views
17 Pages

29 November 2025

The language use of Ukrainian war refugees has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide due to the unprecedented number of individuals displaced since the onset of the war in 2022. Earlier studies have documented a shift in language use and a...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
683 Views
14 Pages

28 November 2025

Two theories that align with and support Usage-based approaches to language acquisition are Functionalism, which motivates the communicative functions of form-meaning connections produced by grammatical phenomena, and Connectionism, which provides a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
780 Views
15 Pages

27 November 2025

The one-parent-one-language (OPOL) approach has traditionally been considered a widely recommended strategy for heritage-language (HL) maintenance in bilingual families. However, alternative strategies, such as both parents consistently speaking the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
371 Views
19 Pages

Proximity Loses: Real-Time Resolution of Ambiguous Wh-Questions in Japanese

  • Chie Nakamura,
  • Suzanne Flynn,
  • Yoichi Miyamoto and
  • Noriaki Yusa

26 November 2025

This study investigated how Japanese speakers interpret structurally ambiguous wh-questions, testing whether filler–gap resolution is guided by syntactic resolution based on hierarchical structure or linear locality based on surface word order....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,219 Views
18 Pages

17 November 2025

Recent research on second language (L2) writing has increasingly emphasized syntactic complexity as a key indicator of L2 writing proficiency. From an emergentist usage-based view, drawing on data from the B-JAS corpus, the study conducted both a lon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
791 Views
31 Pages

13 November 2025

This study reexamines Learner Englishes (LEs)–New Englishes (NEs) continuum by considering intervarietal variation, mode differences, and multiple linguistic levels. Relying on comparable written and spoken corpus data, we investigate the valen...

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Languages - ISSN 2226-471X