Previous Article in Journal
The Amorphous Carbon Layers Deposited by Various Magnetron Sputtering Techniques
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Coatings
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/coatings15121368
coatings-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Analysis of the Stability and Reactivity of Carbonated Steel Slag Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

by
Longteng Zhang
1,
Haihe Yi
1,*,
Whengyu Du
2,
Dachao Jiang
3,
Yonghua Jiao
3,
Hongyi Zhao
3 and
Tian Su
1,4,*
1
School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
3
Linyi Conch New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
4
Department of Engineering and Management, International College, Krirk University, No. 5. Soi Ramintra 1, Ramintra Road, Anusaowaree, Bangkhen, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121368 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 16 November 2025 / Accepted: 20 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Aspects in Colloid and Interface Science)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In order to address the poor volume stability and low reactivity of steel slag powder (SS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), this study investigates a microbial-assisted carbonation method for its enhancement. Using untreated SS as a control, we compared the performance and microstructure of carbonated steel slag powder (CSS) and bio-mineralized steel slag powder (BSS). Results indicate that, compared to CSS, BSS exhibits a more significant reduction in the content of f-CaO and f-MgO (from 6.25% and 3.19% to 0.8% and 1.36%, respectively) and a greater improvement in 7-day and 28-day activity indices (from 59% and 72% to 78% and 87%), leading to markedly enhanced volume stability and reactivity. Calculations show that each ton of BSS can sequester 114.2 kg of CO2, and it achieves a cement replacement ratio exceeding 30%. The utilization of BSS as an SCM not only addresses the inherent technical challenges of steel slag powder but also creates dual environmental benefits through emission reduction and active carbon sequestration, demonstrating significant potential for advancing the low-carbon transition in the construction materials industry.
Keywords: steel slag powder; carbonization; microbial mineralization; volume stability; activity steel slag powder; carbonization; microbial mineralization; volume stability; activity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, L.; Yi, H.; Du, W.; Jiang, D.; Jiao, Y.; Zhao, H.; Su, T. Analysis of the Stability and Reactivity of Carbonated Steel Slag Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material. Coatings 2025, 15, 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121368

AMA Style

Zhang L, Yi H, Du W, Jiang D, Jiao Y, Zhao H, Su T. Analysis of the Stability and Reactivity of Carbonated Steel Slag Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material. Coatings. 2025; 15(12):1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Longteng, Haihe Yi, Whengyu Du, Dachao Jiang, Yonghua Jiao, Hongyi Zhao, and Tian Su. 2025. "Analysis of the Stability and Reactivity of Carbonated Steel Slag Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material" Coatings 15, no. 12: 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121368

APA Style

Zhang, L., Yi, H., Du, W., Jiang, D., Jiao, Y., Zhao, H., & Su, T. (2025). Analysis of the Stability and Reactivity of Carbonated Steel Slag Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material. Coatings, 15(12), 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121368

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
Back to TopTop