Skip to Content

Earth, Volume 7, Issue 2

2026 April - 37 articles

Cover Story: Mountains play an essential role in sustaining life, supporting biodiversity, water systems, and communities far beyond their boundaries. Yet these fragile landscapes are under increasing pressure, and many changes remain difficult to detect. This study examines Colorado’s mountains to better understand how degradation unfolds over time. Rather than relying solely on broad greening trends, it examines land cover change alongside soil types to reveal where ecosystems are improving and where they are gradually declining. By focusing on finer-scale patterns, the study provides a clearer, more realistic picture of mountain change, highlighting the need for improved monitoring to support effective conservation and long-term sustainability. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (37)

  • Article
  • Open Access
572 Views
19 Pages

Sustainable Development Goals in the Horn of Africa: Human Rights to Food, Water, Health, and Education

  • Karen G. Añaños,
  • Wendi A. Gonzales Asto,
  • Alina D. Corpodean and
  • José A. Rodríguez Martín

21 April 2026

The Horn of Africa (Kenya, Djibouti, Uganda, Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Sudan) faces the highest rates of hunger and malnutrition in the world, exacerbated by conflict and adverse weather conditions. These factors have serious healt...

  • Review
  • Open Access
810 Views
25 Pages

21 April 2026

Microplastic (MP) contamination has become a widespread environmental concern in coastal and freshwater wetlands, ecosystems that play a crucial role in hydrological regulation, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity conservation. Despite their ecologica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
698 Views
30 Pages

Port Digital Twins for Sustainable Urban Futures in Europe

  • Christina N. Tsaimou,
  • Maria Intzeler and
  • Vasiliki K. Tsoukala

20 April 2026

Ports are increasingly recognized as actors that influence the sustainability of urban environments due to their spatial footprint, operational intensity, and close interaction with surrounding cities. As digital technologies become more embedded in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
433 Views
29 Pages

17 April 2026

Urban districts along major rivers are undergoing rapid transformation, yet long-term evidence on how redevelopment reshapes land cover and vegetation structure remains limited in post-socialist cities. This study examines the spatio-temporal evoluti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
938 Views
26 Pages

Environmental Drivers of Legume–Rhizobium Symbiosis Across the Five Mediterranean-Type Regions of the World

  • María A. Pérez-Fernández,
  • Irene Ariadna De Lara-Del Rey and
  • Anathi Magadlela

16 April 2026

Mediterranean-type ecosystems (METs) occur on five continents and represent some of the most climatically constrained yet biologically rich regions on Earth. In these environments, legumes and their nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbionts—including...

  • Article
  • Open Access
430 Views
11 Pages

15 April 2026

Hydrocarbon-contaminated sites are among the most common challenges for environmental professionals worldwide. Although bioremediation strategies have emerged, their efficiency in cleaning hydrocarbon-contaminated soil depends considerably on local c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,099 Views
28 Pages

13 April 2026

Mountainous Mediterranean rivers provide essential ecosystem services but are increasingly affected by land-use change, hydraulic works, and inadequate wastewater management. This study investigates the links between geomorphological transformation a...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
953 Views
42 Pages

Advances in Emerging Digital Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture: Applications and Future Perspectives

  • Carlos Diego Rodríguez-Yparraguirre,
  • Abel José Rodríguez-Yparraguirre,
  • Cesar Moreno-Rojo,
  • Wendy Akemmy Castañeda-Rodríguez,
  • Janet Verónica Saavedra-Vera,
  • Atilio Ruben Lopez-Carranza,
  • Iván Martin Olivares-Espino,
  • Andrés David Epifania-Huerta,
  • Elías Guarniz-Vásquez and
  • Wilson Arcenio Maco-Vasquez

11 April 2026

The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, remote sensing, robotics, blockchain, and edge computing, which are being integrated into crop monitoring, irrigation m...

  • Review
  • Open Access
700 Views
37 Pages

Beyond Soil Health: Soil Security Underpinning a National Framework for Sustainable Australian Agriculture

  • Alex McBratney,
  • Sandra Evangelista,
  • Nicolas Francos,
  • Anilkumar Hunakunti,
  • Ho Jun Jang,
  • Wartini Ng,
  • Thomas O’Donoghue,
  • Julio Cesar Pachón Maldonado,
  • Minhyung Park and
  • Yijia Tang
  • + 2 authors

10 April 2026

The long-term sustainability of Australian agriculture is fundamentally constrained by the capacity, condition, availability, and governance of soil resources. Australian soils are among the oldest and most weathered globally, highly heterogeneous, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
633 Views
27 Pages

Development of High-Resolution Agroclimatic Zoning Method to Determine Micro-Agroclimatic Zones in Greece

  • Nikolaos-Fivos Galatoulas,
  • Dimitrios E. Tsesmelis,
  • Angeliki Kavga,
  • Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos and
  • Pantelis E. Barouchas

9 April 2026

Climate variability and rising water scarcity are major challenges to agricultural sustainability, particularly in Mediterranean climates with high spatial heterogeneity. Agroclimatic zoning is a fundamental analytical tool for digital agriculture an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
835 Views
22 Pages

Nocturnal Surface Urban Heat Island Dynamics and Climatic Drivers in Bangkok Metropolitan Region: A Decadal Assessment

  • Sitthisak Moukomla,
  • Supaporn Manajitprasert,
  • Nichaphat Petchkaew and
  • Phurith Meeprom

7 April 2026

Nocturnal urban heat presents significant but understudied risks within tropical megacities, where high humidity and heat storage in built-up areas prevent nighttime thermal recovery and intensify chronic heat stress. This study investigates the noct...

  • Article
  • Open Access
626 Views
18 Pages

4 April 2026

The spatial assessment of soil erosion drivers provides essential information for prioritizing soil conservation areas. This study aims to compare the performance of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model and the Geographically Weighted Re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,027 Views
26 Pages

2 April 2026

Accurate forecasting of local weather patterns is essential for climate resilience and sustainable planning. This study analysed 35 years (1990–2025) of hourly temperature and precipitation data from Thohoyandou, South Africa, to assess the imp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
692 Views
24 Pages

Water Quality Assessment of the Jerma River: Application of the Water Pollution Index (WPI) Within a Torrential Catchment

  • Dragana Milijašević Joksimović,
  • Ana M. Petrović,
  • Valentina Nikolova,
  • Jan Babej and
  • Ivan Novković

2 April 2026

This study evaluates long-term (2014–2023) and seasonal water quality in the Jerma River, a transboundary watershed between Serbia and Bulgaria, using annual mean physicochemical and microbiological parameters at two monitoring sites as well as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
584 Views
24 Pages

31 March 2026

The increasing frequency of disasters caused by landslides, mainly due to climate change leading to more intense extreme events, requires reliable predictive models for risk mitigation. Italy, in particular, is a country at high risk of landslides, b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
834 Views
17 Pages

24 March 2026

This study presents a comparative evaluation of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) within the traditional ceramic industry, emphasizing how differences in data structures, reporting formats, and background databases influence the interpretatio...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,530 Views
20 Pages

21 March 2026

In response to land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes in South Africa, which have varied effects on biodiversity, several studies have characterized LULC changes using remote sensing data due to its cost-effectiveness, repetitiveness, spatial coverag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,110 Views
28 Pages

Modeling Flood Susceptibility in Rwanda Using an AI-Enabled Risk Mapping Tool

  • Yves Hategekimana,
  • Valentine Mukanyandwi,
  • Georges Kwizera,
  • Fidele Karamage,
  • Emmanuel Ntawukuriryayo,
  • Fabrice Manzi,
  • Gaspard Rwanyiziri and
  • Moise Busogi

21 March 2026

This study presents the development of a Python-based flood-susceptibility risk-mapping tool, implemented in Jupyter Notebook, applied to Rwanda. A Flood Susceptibility Index (FSI) was developed by integrating 20 causal factors associated with flood...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
639 Views
17 Pages

Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrology of a Highly Disturbed Tropical River Basin

  • Claudiana Mesquita de Alvarenga,
  • Lívia Alves Alvarenga,
  • Pâmela Aparecida Melo,
  • Javier Tomasella,
  • Pâmela Rafanele França Pinto,
  • Carlos Rogério de Mello and
  • Jorge M. G. P. Isidoro

18 March 2026

Climate change significantly affects hydrological responses, yet studies addressing future water availability in the Paraopeba River Basin (PRB), an important tributary of the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil, remain limited, particularly u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
645 Views
20 Pages

A Scalable GEOBIA Framework for Urban Landscape Monitoring with Sentinel-2 Data: A Case Study in Hue City, Vietnam

  • Md Abdul Mueed Choudhury,
  • Giuseppe Modica,
  • Salvatore Praticò and
  • Ernesto Marcheggiani

15 March 2026

The Copernicus Sentinel-2 (S2) data are a crucial resource for urban policymakers in land-cover classification, offering a freely accessible alternative to expensive commercial data sources. While medium spatial resolution often limits the applicabil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
630 Views
18 Pages

Spatial Variation in Transport-Related Particulate Matter Fractions Across Urban Districts in Padang, Indonesia: Evidence from Nano Sampler-Based Measurements

  • Vera Surtia Bachtiar,
  • Purnawan Purnawan,
  • Reri Afrianita,
  • Yega Serlina,
  • Haldi Reivan Thamrin,
  • Zulva Shabri and
  • Assyifa Raudina

15 March 2026

Urban transport is a major contributor to particulate matter (PM) pollution, yet information on the spatial distribution of fine and ultrafine particle fractions remains limited in medium-sized tropical cities. This study examines the spatial variabi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
837 Views
32 Pages

12 March 2026

Agricultural carbon emissions, a key part of terrestrial carbon emissions, affect global carbon accounting, with historical data scarcity adding to calculation difficulty. Exploring agricultural planting structure evolution can supplement historical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
739 Views
32 Pages

12 March 2026

Monitoring surface water quality over large river systems remains challenging due to sparse in situ sampling and the need for decision-ready indicators. This study aims to address this problem by developing and evaluating an integrated Landsat 8-base...

  • Article
  • Open Access
733 Views
17 Pages

11 March 2026

Socio-ecological production landscapes (SEPLs) are places that support and are supported by biodiversity and that play important roles in maintaining biodiversity as well as providing the goods and services that society demands. SEPLs exist with, by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
648 Views
13 Pages

11 March 2026

The sugarcane industry in South Africa is ranked among the top 15 producers worldwide and plays a significant role in supporting the nation’s socioeconomic development, producing approximately 2.3 million tons annually. Harvesting is largely la...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,486 Views
43 Pages

A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Flood Inundation Mapping

  • Abinash Silwal,
  • Anil Subedi,
  • Rajee Tamrakar,
  • Kshitij Dahal,
  • Dewasis Dahal,
  • Kenneth Okechukwu Ekpetere and
  • Mohamed Zhran

9 March 2026

Flood inundation mapping (FIM) is essential in disaster risk management, infrastructure planning, and climate adaptation. Traditional hydrodynamic models, such as the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and LISFLOOD-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
917 Views
35 Pages

6 March 2026

Assessment of landslide risk is crucial given the substantial related economic losses and infrastructure damage in mountain areas every year. Particularly, the Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), a key destination for Himalayan glacier tourism, remains r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,169 Views
20 Pages

6 March 2026

Southern Africa is highly sensitive to climate variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which strongly influences hydroclimate, vegetation dynamics, and atmospheric composition. This study examined the impacts of th...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,085 Views
20 Pages

A Systematic Review of River Discharge Measurement Methods: Evolution and Modern Applications in Water Management and Environmental Protection

  • Oscar Abel González-Vergara,
  • María Teresa Alarcón-Herrera,
  • Ana Elizabeth Marín-Celestino,
  • Armando Daniel Blanco-Jáquez,
  • Joel García-Pazos,
  • Samuel Villarreal-Rodríguez,
  • Yolocuauhtli Salazar and
  • Diego Armando Martínez-Cruz

6 March 2026

Accurate river discharge estimation is fundamental for water resource management under increasingly variable hydrological conditions. While conventional in situ techniques remain hydrometric reference standards, their operational deployment is constr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,020 Views
19 Pages

Interannual Variability of Ephemeral Snow and Its Water Equivalent in a Mexican Mediterranean Mountain Region

  • Mariana E. Espinosa-Blas,
  • Trent W. Biggs,
  • Alejandro González-Ortega,
  • Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos,
  • Leopoldo G. Mendoza-Espinosa and
  • Napoleon Gudino-Elizondo

4 March 2026

Increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation threaten the extent, persistence, and dynamics of snow across spatial scales, particularly ephemeral snow in Mediterranean mountain regions. This study estimates ephemeral snow cover and snow water...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,080 Views
30 Pages

Tracking Mountain Degradation for the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Using the State of Colorado (USA) as an Example

  • Arati Budhathoki,
  • Christopher J. Post,
  • Elena A. Mikhailova,
  • Mark A. Schlautman,
  • Hamdi A. Zurqani,
  • Lili Lin,
  • Zhenbang Hao and
  • Nilesh Timilsina

4 March 2026

Mountain ecosystems, strongly affected by climate-related variability and human impact, are degrading faster than other terrestrial ecosystems. Currently, the United Nations (UN) utilizes Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15: Life on Land (Target 15...

  • Article
  • Open Access
544 Views
19 Pages

1 March 2026

Air pollution remains a major public health and environmental challenge in China, driven by complex non-linear interactions among anthropogenic activities, meteorological conditions, and topographic features that go beyond simple linear relationships...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,141 Views
26 Pages

1 March 2026

Urban flooding is prevalent in low-lying, coastal regions, where subtle topographic variation, shallow groundwater, and impervious surfaces govern inundation dynamics. This study evaluates urban flood susceptibility across Miami-Dade County by integr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,064 Views
23 Pages

1 March 2026

Reservoir management, flood control, and operational planning are the benefits of dam inflow forecasting. Decomposition algorithms can decompose complex inflow data into intrinsic components and reduce noise and fluctuations, while quantum machine le...

  • Article
  • Open Access
631 Views
20 Pages

Evolutionary Optimization of U-Net Hyperparameters for Enhanced Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing Imagery

  • Laritza Pérez-Enríquez,
  • Saúl Zapotecas-Martínez,
  • Leopoldo Altamirano-Robles,
  • Raquel Díaz-Hernández and
  • José de Jesús Velázquez Arreola

27 February 2026

Remote sensing-based Earth observation provides essential spatial data for analyzing and monitoring both natural and urban environments. Precise characterization of objects in these scenes is vital for environmental management, land-use planning, and...

XFacebookLinkedIn
Earth - ISSN 2673-4834