2026 March-1 - 175 articles
Background/Objectives: Brain tumors are among the most severe neurological disorders, and their variability in size, morphology, and anatomical location complicates early and accurate diagnosis. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most r...
Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy. The prognostic impact of sun exposure at the primary tumor site in localized and locally advanced MCC remains incompletely defined. We aimed to comp...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate whether semi-automatic and automatic CT-based liver segmentation methods can provide clinically acceptable volumetric agreement compared with manual segmentation while improving processing efficiency in routine prac...
Background: The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is a widely used marker of tumour proliferation, yet its manual assessment is time-consuming and subject to substantial inter-observer variability. Automated methods may improve reproducibility, but their cli...
Background/Objectives: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, making accurate and efficient detection methods essential. One primary concern with glaucoma is that it often presents no early symptoms. Vision loss typically be...
Background: The relationship between testosterone and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a subject of debate. Most studies suggest an inverse association—lower testosterone, higher risk. However, data from Central European populations underg...
Background/Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has a pivotal role in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although PCI is generally guided only angiographically, advancements in intravascular imaging, particularly in optica...
Background: The heterogeneous nature of cancer with varying degrees of fat, necrosis, fibrosis, and varying degrees of tissue repair severely impacts the success of acquiring adequate tissue samples during percutaneous image-guided biopsy. Although u...
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate mandibular condylar asymmetry in individuals with different types of skeletal malocclusions using a three-dimensional imaging technique, and to determine the relationship between these anomalies and...
Background/Objectives: The sphenoid sinus (SS) exhibits marked morphological variability, influencing the relationship of critical neurovascular skull base structures. This study aimed to characterize sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP) patterns and...
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherogenic dyslipidemia have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but their prognostic relevance after cancer diagnosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the a...
Background/Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) shows substantial cognitive heterogeneity, complicating individualized clinical formulation. This study examined whether Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), anxiety, and ADHD...
Background: Ultrasound imaging is an ideal tool for regular carotid plaque screening to identify individuals at high risk of stroke for clinical intervention. However, no existing study leverages multi-modal multi-view ultrasound imaging for AI-enabl...
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), a condition in which the fetus fails to achieve its growth and developmental potential, affects 5% to 10% of pregnancies and is associated with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is currently insuff...
Background/Objectives: Liver function is difficult to estimate accurately. Conventional liver function tests can be normal, even in severe diseases. Dynamic liver function tests, including indocyanine green (ICG) clearance and hepatobiliary scintigra...
Background/Objectives: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a global health crisis, but current diagnostics are limited. Liver biopsy is invasive, magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) is exp...
Background/Objectives: Although multiple guidelines exist for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), the duration and modality of postoperative surveillance remain inconsistent. We aimed to retrospectively review medical i...
Background: Sleep staging is vital for diagnosing sleep disorders, but the clinical gold standard, polysomnography, is too intrusive for routine home monitoring. While photoplethysmography (PPG) offers a wearable alternative, achieving high diagnosti...
Background: Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) enables rapid assessment of retinal microvasculature. However, cross-platform comparability remains limited by device-specific acquisition and image quality characteristics....
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) refers specifically to the presence of a thrombus within the main portal vein trunk or its intrahepatic branches. In contrast, portal vein occlusion encompasses a broader spectrum of conditions, including tumor invasion,...
Background: Existing evidence suggests an association between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and alterations in body posture and balance; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate...
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether photon-counting CT angiography (PCD-CTA) can optimize image quality for the visualization of perforating arteries for planning fibular transplant procedures in comparison to...
Background: Mediastinal ectopic pancreas (EP) is an exceptionally rare entity that can mimic malignancy. Diagnosis is typically established post-operatively; pre-operative confirmation is challenging. Case Presentation: We describe a 28-year-old man...
Background/Objectives: The presence of untreated second mesio-buccal canals (MB2) in maxillary first molars is usually associated with endodontic treatment failure. Previous CBCT-based investigations have evaluated the quality of root canal fillings...
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most widespread chronic liver disorder globally, impacting roughly 30% of the general population. Numerous factors have been linked to NAFLD, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, die...
Background/Objective: Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and its bioactive metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals implicated in carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms linking MEHP exposure, host...
In relation to the most commonly described ampullary ectopic pregnancies in contemporary gynecological practice, rare localizations of ectopic pregnancies represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge whose clinical significance far exceeds their...
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition in which early diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in patients with exertional symptoms and normal or borderline resting haemodynamics. Although right heart catheterisation is the diagnostic...
Background: Noninvasive biomarkers for the detection and monitoring of glioblastoma (GBM) are needed to improve clinical outcomes for patients. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the expression of a panel of 48 pre-selected microRNAs (...
Background: The clinical use of machine learning (ML) in survival analysis is often limited by the “black box” nature of complex algorithms, which makes their results difficult to interpret in practice. In this study, we propose a unified...
Objective: Accurate odor classification from EEG signals requires informative and interpretable features. Although Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and variants such as the center-symmetric binary pattern are widely used, they lack sufficient explainabilit...
As we conclude this Special Issue of Diagnostics, “Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Vasculitis,” we reflect on a vibrant collection of eleven articles that span the globe from Spain and Poland to the USA, Germany, Romania, and...
Isolated pelvic nodal metastasis from carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) is rare. Evaluation should prioritize gynecological and anorectal sites based on pelvic lymphatic drainage. Although spontaneous regression of these primary lesions is ex...
Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is recognized as an emerging biomarker for atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that atherosclerotic lesions localized across multiple vascular beds would result in greater elevations in OPG levels in the blood. Theref...
Background: Post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM) remains one of the most serious complications of cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of patients with PSM, comparing surgical and con...
Background/Objectives: Spread through air spaces (STAS) represents an aggressive invasion pattern in lung cancer and is associated with unfavorable oncologic outcomes. As STAS is currently identifiable only on postoperative pathology, reliable preope...
Background: Vaginal infections often present with overlapping symptoms and involve single or multiple pathogens. However, the relationship between clinical symptoms and molecularly defined vaginal pathogen profiles, especially in multi-pathogen infec...
Background/Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and staging of periodontitis rely on clinical measurements and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss. Methods: Studies published between 1 January 2020 and 31 October 2025 were searched in the Web of...
Background/Objectives: To assess the diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI parameters and machine learning methods for differentiating intracranial dural metastases (IDMs) from meningiomas. Methods: This retros...
Background/Objectives: Calprotectin (CLP), a calcium-binding protein complex released predominantly from neutrophils and monocytes, plays a key role in the inflammatory response. Increased levels of CLP have been reported in various inflammatory and...
Background: The mental foramen is a key anatomical structure of the mandible through which the mental nerve and accompanying vessels emerge. Accurate knowledge of its location and morphology is essential for safe dental and surgical procedures in the...
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a hybrid deep learning model combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Vision Transformers (ViT) to automatically classify maxillary sinus membrane morphologies on Cone-Beam Computed Tomogr...
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a liquefactive necrosis of mitral annular calcification (MAC). CCMA is rare and usually asymptomatic, has a benign course, and, when incidentally found, can be misdiagnosed as a thrombus, abscess,...
The widespread implementation of population-based mammographic screening has markedly increased the detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), without a proportional reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality. This divergence has intensified co...
Background: AchievTing primary fascial closure in complex incisional hernia repair can be challenging when abdominal wall compliance is reduced. Preoperative ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin A (BTA) is used as a chemical component relaxation adjunct...
Background: Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) and depth of invasion (DOI) are key determinants of elective neck dissection in clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), yet accurate preoperative risk stratification remain...
Background/Objectives: Fundus imaging provides a detailed view of the interior surface of the eye and plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of retinal diseases. However, automated interpretation of fundus images remains challenging due to varia...
Background & Aims: The accurate, noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis is essential in living liver donor evaluation, where disease prevalence is low, and donor safety is paramount. This study evaluated commonly used noninvasive diagnostic...
Background/Objectives: Early tracheostomy seems favorable in prolonged ventilated patients after surgery. Hence, predicting tracheostomy after cardiac surgery is essential. Recently proposed prediction models aim to support this decision-making proce...
Background/Objective: Breast density and cancer risk are key imaging-derived biomarkers, yet their assessment is limited by inter-reader variability and inconsistent reproducibility. This Technical Note evaluates the feasibility of a bifurcated neura...
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