Cancers, Volume 18, Issue 12

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard treatment for melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet evidence on their effectiveness in older adults remains limited due to underrepresentation in clinical trials. This study...

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and remains associated with poor prognosis despite multimodal treatment. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and...

Background: Evidence suggests dMMR/MSI-H gastric cancer patients respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than to chemotherapy, but recent trials have not consistently shown this benefit in subgroup analyses. It remains unclear whether i...

Background/Objectives: Genitourinary cancers represent a major and growing source of cancer burden worldwide; however, important disparities persist across the Americas. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, mortality, and disability burden of...

Background/Objectives: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which rises compensatory with vitamin D insufficiency and has been shown to down-regulate vitamin D receptor expression, represents a biologically plausible effect modifier. We investigated whether pr...

Background/Objectives: Intranasal tumors are common malignancies in dogs, characterized by locally aggressive behavior and clinical signs such as epistaxis, nasal discharge, and facial deformity. Radiotherapy (RT) is considered the treatment of choic...

Prostate cancer remains a major therapeutic challenge, particularly after progression to castration-resistant disease, where persistent androgen receptor signaling, metabolic adaptation, immune escape, and treatment resistance jointly limit clinical...

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to late-stage diagnosis, biological heterogeneity, and persistent challenges in staging and treatment selection. This narrative review summarizes current and eme...

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the hypothesis that transient oxygen depletion is the mechanism of the skin sparing effect of ultra-high dose-rate irradiation, commonly referred to as FLASH irradiation. Methods: Two skin tattoo dots we...

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC), and colorectal surveillance has been shown to reduce death from CRC in this high-risk population. This study aimed to examine adherence to recommended end...

Background/Objectives: HER2 overexpression and/or amplification defines a molecularly distinct subset of endometrial carcinomas (ECs) that may benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. However, HER2 testing algorithms remain non-standardized and vary acr...

Background/Objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with unique risks of catastrophic health events throughout the care continuum. This scoping review evaluated distinct domains of catastrophic health events in HNC and the associated risk...

Background/Objectives: Clinical studies of prostate cancer treated with radically hypofractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) have reported a significant loss of tumor control that contradicts the standard linear-quadratic (LQ) and low-$\mathrm{\&al}$...

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency are key predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In real-world practice, however, diagnostic pathways often...

Background/Objectives: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) carries a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), an anti-Trop-2 antibody–drug conjugate, has shown activity in this setting, but a quanti...

Background: Abnormalities in energy and amino acid metabolism are potentially involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. This study aimed to identify serum metabolites predictive of HCC following sustained virological response (SVR) with...

Oncogenic viruses are responsible for between 12% and 20% of human cancers worldwide. They trigger tumorigenesis by integrating into host-cell genomes, altering cell cycle pathways, and evading immune detection. Oncoviral cancers exhibit low rates of...

Background/Objectives: Immunotherapy has emerged as an important field of research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has demonstrated promising results in clinical practice. In recent years, multiple studies have been conducted, increasing th...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and molecularly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and historically limited therapeutic options. Recent advances have redefined the treatment...

Background/Objectives: Differentiating recurrent disease from postsurgical changes on ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) remains challenging in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed...

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) are a rare but clinically significant category of gastrointestinal tumors, ranging from low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), the main precursor of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), to high-grade appendicea...

Background/Objectives: Glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (DEX), are known to demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, suppress steroidogenesis, and mitigate the adverse effects of chemotherapy. They are therefore widely employed for managing so...

Background/Objectives: In selected patients with oligometastatic breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM), liver-directed therapies may provide durable local control and may delay escalation of systemic therapy. This study reports a single-center experi...

Background/Objectives: Extramedullary disease (EMD) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant manifestation of multiple myeloma with limited therapeutic options, particularly in heavily pretreated patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study...

Background/Objectives: Disruption of cellular redox balance and DNA damage response (DDR) signals represents a key driver of cancer development, influencing tumor progression and therapeutic response. Here, we investigated the interplay between DDR-r...

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved survival in metastatic melanoma. Combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab demonstrated superior efficacy in randomized trials, including CheckMate 067, but data beyond the first-line s...

Background/Objectives: The orphan nuclear receptors 4A1 (NR4A1) and NR4A2 are overexpressed in multiple solid tumors, and both receptors exhibit tumor promoter-like activities. A recent study reported that luteolin, a flavonoid that binds NR4A1, decr...

Melanoma incidence rates have also been steadily increasing, emphasizing the need for improved prognostic and diagnostic tools with the goal of enhancing patients’ outcomes. Biomarkers in melanoma have emerged as an important component of melan...

Background: Childhood cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing malignancies later in life compared with individuals of similar age in the general population. In Spain, population-based evidence on second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) is limited...

Background/Objectives: The prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph⁺) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved with the addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to conventional chemotherapy. However, there are limit...

Honokiol (HNK), a bioactive compound found in Magnolia species, is a promising, multifunctional agent with therapeutic effects on breast cancer (BrCa). Preclinical evidence, including in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests that HNK inhibits essential...

Background: Lymphadenectomy is an important element of the surgical treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The study aimed to analyze the distribution of lymph node metastases in three nodal stations—group 10 (splenic hilum), gro...

Background: Oesophagogastric cancer is associated with poor survival and major alterations in body composition. This study investigated the relationship between myopenia and myosteatosis in patients with oesophagogastric cancer and evaluated their pr...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematologic malignancies, and its development is being actively pursued across a broad range of cancer types. However, current CAR-T cell therapies rely on ex vivo engi...

(1) Background: This systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis evaluated the comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellu...

Background/Objectives: Staged resection with temporizing vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been adopted to facilitate margin assessment and local control of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Accordingly, the objective of this study is to compare rates of l...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now applied across oncology, including imaging, pathology, therapy selection, toxicity assessment, and survival modeling, and large language models (LLMs) have been adopted particularly quickly. Reported physician use...

Background/Objectives: This study explored whether a multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) model integrating digitized histopathology and clinical features can identify prostate cancer patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (N...

Background: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) can be metastatic in up to 30% of cases. To assess this risk, scoring systems like PASS and GAPP were developed, yet it is unclear whether these scores correlate with somatic genetic alteration...

Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the real-world outcomes of first-line osimertinib in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, together with the progression patterns, including the management and outcomes of oligoprog...

Melanoma has long represented a unique challenge in oncology. In its early stages, it can often be cured with surgery alone, resulting in excellent survival outcomes. Its biology is complex and heterogeneous, often including mutations such as BRAF an...

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important comorbidity that may increase perioperative cardiovascular risk in major noncardiac surgery. However, data evaluating its impact on outcomes following pancreatic cancer surgery remain limited....

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in North America, with over 8000 new diagnoses in 2022 alone. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment, with a shift towards the use of minimally invasive surgery, inclu...

Background: Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), including small cell (SCNEC) and large cell (LCNEC) subtypes, are rare but aggressive malignancies with limited population-level data. Moreover, prior studies have limited stratification by his...

Background/Objectives: textbook outcome (TO) is an established surgical quality measure, but failure is recognized only after postoperative events. We evaluated whether intraoperative stress burden (blood loss, fluid administration, and transfusion)...

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), also known as chemobrain or chemofog, is characterized by subjective and/or objective changes in attention, executive functions, memory, and processing speed in patients with non-CNS cancers, particularly w...

Background/Objectives: Systematic lymphadenectomy is recommended in apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to assess nodal status, but it is associated with significant morbidity and lacks survival benefit. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) map...

Background/Objectives: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent and biologically aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma, characterized by pronounced immunogenicity and extensive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Chron...

Background: The necessity of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is increasingly debated in the era of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This meta-analysis evaluated the survival a...

In the original publication [...]