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Cancers
Special Issues
Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment
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Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Research of Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 2532

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joanna P. Kacperczyk-Bartnik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: gynecologic oncology; cervical cancer screening; cervical cancer prevention; quality of life during and after cancer treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tibor Andrea Zwimpfer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Gynecological Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
2. Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
3. Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
Interests: gynecological oncology; ovarian cancer; vulvar cancer; experimental cancer research; multi-omics; BRCA-deficiency; poor survivors; homologous recombination deficiency; minimal invasive surgical procedures
Prof. Dr. Michał Ciebiera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: uterine fibroids; pharmacology; miminally invasive therapy; reproductive endocrinology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vaginal, and vulvar malignancies, represent a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in medical research, early detection, prevention strategies, and therapeutic options remain critical challenges in managing these malignancies. This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research on the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gynecological cancers. We invite authors to explore innovative diagnostic tools, novel therapeutic approaches, and strategies to reduce the incidence of these cancers. The Special Issue will provide insights into molecular mechanisms, personalized medicine, and emerging trends in treatment, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and survival rates.

Dr. Joanna P. Kacperczyk-Bartnik
Dr. Tibor Andrea Zwimpfer
Prof. Dr. Michał Ciebiera
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynecological cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • endometrial cancer
  • early diagnosis
  • cancer prevention
  • prognosis
  • molecular mechanisms
  • personalized medicine
  • novel therapies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
Pelvic Exenteration: An Ultimate Option in Advanced Gynecological Malignancies—A Single Center Experience
by Helmut Plett, Jan Philipp Ramspott, Ibrahim Büdeyri, Andrea Miranda, Jalid Sehouli, Ahmad Sayasneh and Mustafa Zelal Muallem
Cancers 2025, 17(14), 2327; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17142327 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 705
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pelvic exenteration (PE) might be a curative option for patients with advanced pelvic malignancies. Due to its significant morbidity and mortality rates, PE necessitates meticulous patient selection, and a comprehensive understanding of disease spread. This study outlines the experience at a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Pelvic exenteration (PE) might be a curative option for patients with advanced pelvic malignancies. Due to its significant morbidity and mortality rates, PE necessitates meticulous patient selection, and a comprehensive understanding of disease spread. This study outlines the experience at a single tertiary referral center and investigates prognostic factors influencing survival post-PE, thereby guiding clinical decision-making processes. Methods: Patients undergoing PE for advanced pelvic gynecological malignancies between 01/2016 and 12/2023 were retrospectively analyzed using a prospectively managed database. Eligibility for PE was determined through individualized tumor board evaluations based on CT/MRI imaging, excluding patients with distant metastases. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, operative details, complication rates, and histopathological findings were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Poor outcome prognostic factors were identified, outlining an optimal candidate profile for PE. Results: A total of 70 patients were included. The median age was 54.5 years. Forty-three patients (61.4%) presented with recurrent disease and the majority were diagnosed with cervical cancer (n = 48, 68.6%). Total PE was performed in 40 patients (57.1%), with complete tumor resection achieved in 68.6% of patients (n = 48). Sixteen patients (22.8%) experienced grade IV/V complications. Median DFS and OS were 8.2 and 16.4 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified R1 resection status and para-aortic lymph node involvement as independent negative prognostic factors. Conclusions: PE is a viable option for selected patients with advanced primary and recurrent pelvic gynecological malignancies. When complete tumor resection is feasible, patients may derive benefit from PE, although the risk of severe perioperative complications must be carefully evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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17 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy Combined with Hormonal Therapy in Heavily Pretreated Advanced Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer (ELSA/KGOG3049): A Multicenter Pilot Study
by Kidong Kim, Chel Hun Choi, Sang-Yoon Park, Min Kyu Kim, Keun Ho Lee, Eun-Ju Lee, Myong Cheol Lim, Young Han Park, Min Sun Kyung, Jae Hong No, Dong Hoon Suh, Jeong-Won Lee, Sangjeong Ahn and Banghyun Lee
Cancers 2025, 17(14), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17142320 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 511
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The effects of combining chemotherapy with hormonal therapy based on hormone receptor (HR) expression in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal (EOC) remain unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of physician-chosen chemotherapy combined with hormonal therapy in patients with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The effects of combining chemotherapy with hormonal therapy based on hormone receptor (HR) expression in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal (EOC) remain unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of physician-chosen chemotherapy combined with hormonal therapy in patients with heavily pretreated advanced EOC, stratified by HR expression. Methods: This phase II, multicenter, pilot study included patients with heavily pretreated advanced EOC, allocated to estrogen receptor (ER)-dominant or progesterone receptor (PR)-dominant arms. Patients in the ER-dominant arm received tamoxifen plus physician-selected chemotherapy, while those in the PR-dominant arm received megestrol acetate (MA) plus chemotherapy. The primary outcome was the best objective response rate (ORR) for six months, assessed using an optimal two-stage Simon design. Results: Among 33 ER-dominant patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the six-month best ORR was 27.3% (3% complete response, 24.2% partial response). The six-month ORR and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were 18.8% and 37.5%, respectively, with 62.5% experiencing progressive disease (PD). Among three PR-dominant patients (two clear cell carcinoma and one HGSC), the six-month best ORR was 0%. The six-month ORR and CBR were also 0%, and all experienced PD within six months. No unacceptable toxicity related to tamoxifen or MA was encountered. Conclusions: In heavily pretreated advanced HGSC patients with ER-dominant expression, chemotherapy combined with tamoxifen showed encouraging clinical activity with favorable safety. While limited by the study design, these findings suggest a potential role for tailored hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy based on HR expression in heavily pretreated advanced EOC. Clinical Trial Registration: KCT0004571 Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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12 pages, 1654 KiB  
Article
Endocrine Maintenance Therapy in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Off-Label Real-World Cohort Study
by Franziska Geissler, Flurina Graf, Tibor A. Zwimpfer, Ruth S. Eller, Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli, Andreas Schötzau, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz and Ursula Gobrecht-Keller
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081301 - 12 Apr 2025
Viewed by 951
Abstract
Background: Endocrine therapy is the standard-of-care maintenance treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is increasingly used in low-grade serous ovarian cancer. However, its therapeutic role in the early maintenance setting for ER-positive high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) remains undefined. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background: Endocrine therapy is the standard-of-care maintenance treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is increasingly used in low-grade serous ovarian cancer. However, its therapeutic role in the early maintenance setting for ER-positive high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) remains undefined. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinicopathological data from patients with newly diagnosed ER-positive HGSC following completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients received maintenance therapy either with or without the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, in addition to standard maintenance care. ER expression levels and the administration of letrozole were analyzed, along with outcome measures for the entire cohort, with stratification based on residual disease status. Results: A total of 102 patients with newly diagnosed HGSC were included in the analysis, with 64 (62.7%) receiving letrozole and 38 (37.3%) not receiving letrozole. The median ER expression was 70%, with higher expression observed in the letrozole group compared to the no letrozole group (77.5% vs. 60%). No significant correlation was found between ER expression status and therapy response (p = 0.295 and p = 0.176, respectively). Letrozole therapy was well tolerated with no major adverse effects reported. In the overall cohort, maintenance letrozole therapy did not confer a significant improvement in progression-free survival (median 20.56 months vs. 29.34 months, p = 0.53) or overall survival (OS) (median 79.48 months vs. 46.85 months, p = 0.71) over a median follow-up duration of 23.5 months. However, among patients with no residual disease, maintenance letrozole therapy was associated with a statistically significant improvement in OS compared to those not receiving letrozole (median 114 months vs. 46.9 months, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Maintenance letrozole therapy appears to be a well-tolerated and potentially beneficial intervention in a subset of patients with ER-positive HGSC with no residual disease post-treatment. These findings highlight the need for further validation through prospective randomized trials to comprehensively assess the efficacy of endocrine therapy in this setting and its implications for patient quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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