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Nutrition in Cancer Care: From Generalized to Personalized Adjunctive Therapy

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 6 January 2027 | Viewed by 859

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishi-shimbashi 3-25-8, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
Interests: molecular epidemiology; randomized clinical trials; nutritional epidemiology; Vitamin D; cancer prognosis; personalized medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Standard cancer treatments frequently rely on generalized dosing protocols, such as body surface area (BSA), which often overlook individual metabolic variability. This Special Issue explores the critical shift from these "one-size-fits-all" approaches to personalized adjunctive therapies. We aim to investigate how anthropometric and nutritional parameters—including BMI, vitamin D status, and inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP, hemoglobin)—influence treatment efficacy and toxicity.

Key topics include the impact of host factors on immunotherapy outcomes and survival in recurrent or metastatic cases, and the potential of adjunctive agents, such as statins, to modulate chronic inflammation. Furthermore, we invite research on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize pharmacokinetics (e.g., for 5-FU) based on nutritional status. This collection seeks to establish evidence for personalized strategies that enhance clinical outcomes by accounting for individual metabolic differences.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the new insights into how anthropometric and nutritional parameters influence cancer treatment outcomes, facilitating the transition from standardized dosing to personalized therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue welcomes reviews as well as original research articles, which should be submitted by 6 January 2027.

Dr. Mitsuyoshi Urashima
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anthropometry
  • body mass index (BMI)
  • body surface area (BSA)
  • personalized medicine
  • therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
  • pharmacokinetics
  • nutritional status
  • chemotherapy optimization
  • vitamin D
  • adjunctive therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1166 KB  
Article
Association of Underweight, Sarcopenia, and Cancer Cachexia with Survival Outcomes in Hypopharyngeal Cancer Radiotherapy
by Natsuo Tomita, Daisuke Kawakita, Takuma Matoba, Kiyoshi Minohara, Sho Iwaki, Koji Tsukamoto, Masanosuke Oguri, Nozomi Kita, Akira Torii, Masanari Niwa, Dai Okazaki, Taiki Takaoka, Shinichi Iwasaki and Akio Hiwatashi
Cancers 2026, 18(8), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18081244 - 14 Apr 2026
Viewed by 574
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates the association of pretreatment underweight, sarcopenia, and cancer cachexia with survival outcome in hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) radiotherapy. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 167 patients with newly diagnosed HPC treated with definitive radiotherapy. The definitions of underweight, sarcopenia, and [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study investigates the association of pretreatment underweight, sarcopenia, and cancer cachexia with survival outcome in hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) radiotherapy. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 167 patients with newly diagnosed HPC treated with definitive radiotherapy. The definitions of underweight, sarcopenia, and cancer cachexia are based on the international consensus of the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Underweight and sarcopenia were analyzed in all 167 patients, while cachexia analyses were restricted to the 117 patients for whom pretreatment weight-loss data were available. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test, and subsequently analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The median follow-up period was 28 months. Cachexia analyses were restricted to the 117 patients for whom pretreatment weight-loss data were available; of these, 45 (38%) met criteria for cancer cachexia. Patients with underweight (n = 76, 46%) or cancer cachexia had significantly lower locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival compared to those not underweight and without cachexia, respectively, whereas there was no difference in any outcome between patients with sarcopenia (n = 54, 32%) and those without. Given the definitional overlap among underweight, sarcopenia, and cachexia, these three variables were entered into the multivariate analysis separately—which included age, sex, performance status, double cancer, T-classification, N-classification, chemotherapy administration, treatment era, and radiation dose—confirming that underweight and cancer cachexia remained independently associated with worse LRC, DFS, and OS. In the fully adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, the hazard ratios for mortality risk were 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.4; p = 0.030) and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1–3.8; p = 0.032) for patients with underweight or cancer cachexia, respectively. Conclusions: Pretreatment underweight and cancer cachexia negatively impact survival outcomes, including locoregional control, in HPC radiotherapy. Prospective studies with standardized nutritional assessment protocols, pre-specified intervention arms, and sufficient sample sizes are essential to validate these findings and to establish the clinical benefit of pre-treatment nutritional optimization in this patient population. Full article
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