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Recent Advances in Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 623

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumours (RETI-SEHOP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Interests: childhood cancer registries; childhood cancer epidemiology; survival of children with cancer

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: childhood cancer etiology

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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, and Chief Paediatric Oncology Department, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
Interests: pediatric cancers; neuroblastoma; brain tumors; survival; incidence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Childhood cancer remains a major cause of death in children, and, while survival is high in developed countries, there are serious inequalities between regions and countries worldwide. There are geographical and ethnic variations in the incidences of different cancer types that remain unresolved, since most causes of childhood cancer are still unknown. Moreover, an increasing number of survivors live with health problems caused by the malignancy or the necessary therapy, leading to lifelong healthcare requirements in many cases.

Childhood cancer registries are still needed in a number of countries. In others, the quality of childhood cancer registration should be further enhanced.

This Special Issue will address all aspects of childhood cancer epidemiology. Possible topics include (but are not limited to) the improvement of childhood cancer registries and their output, research on the environmental causes of cancer in children, and the genetic and molecular epidemiology of childhood cancer. We invite submissions sharing applications of epidemiology in the evaluation of population-based healthcare results and the quality of life of survivors of childhood cancer, considering, when possible, the impact of social determinants and inequalities in access to care. Papers exploring improvements in the application of biostatistics to the area of rare tumours, developments in ethically acceptable record linkage, and appropriate artificial intelligence tools are also welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Rafael Peris-Bonet
Dr. Rebeca Ramis
Dr. Adela Cañete
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • childhood cancer epidemiology
  • childhood cancer registries
  • environmental causes of childhood cancer
  • genetic epidemiology
  • molecular epidemiology
  • survival of children with cancer
  • quality of life
  • social determinants and inequalities
  • information technologies and statistical innovations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 761 KB  
Article
Population-Based Survival of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (0–19 Years) in Madrid: Analysis by Sex, Age, Tumour Type, and Stage
by Raquel López-González, David Parra-Blázquez, Daniel Moñino, Candela Pino-Rosón, Clotilde Sevilla-Hernández, Marina Pollán and Nuria Aragonés
Cancers 2025, 17(19), 3113; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17193113 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In Europe, over 80% of children diagnosed with cancer survive at least 5 years. To improve cancer monitoring, the Paediatric Population-Based Cancer Registry (PCRM) was established in the Community of Madrid. This study aimed to describe population-based 1-, 3- and 5-year survival [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In Europe, over 80% of children diagnosed with cancer survive at least 5 years. To improve cancer monitoring, the Paediatric Population-Based Cancer Registry (PCRM) was established in the Community of Madrid. This study aimed to describe population-based 1-, 3- and 5-year survival for children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, by sex, age, tumour type and stage at diagnosis. Methods: Data were extracted from the PCRM, which reviews all cases identified through integrated primary care, hospital discharge, and mortality data, using electronic medical records. Patients aged 0–19 diagnosed with primary malignant cancer between 2015 and 2018 were included, with follow-up for vital status through October 2024. Stage was classified using the 2014 Toronto Childhood Cancer Staging Guidelines (tier 2). Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate survival, and log-rank tests assessed group differences. Cox regression was used to quantify the effect of localized vs. advanced disease. Results: The analysis included 862 patients. Most frequent cancers were leukaemia (24.1%), lymphomas (22.2%) and central nervous system (CNS) tumours (12.6%). Stage was assigned to 88.4% tumours. Overall survival was 93.6% in 1 year and 85.9% in 5 years. Five-year survival was 83.7% for leukaemia, 97.4% for lymphomas, 66.1% for CNS tumours; 85.8% in boys vs. 85.9% in girls (p = 0.908); 85.2% in children aged 0–14 years vs. 87.8% in adolescents aged 15–19 years (p = 0.314); and 69.9% for advanced vs. 89.7% for early-stage (p < 0.001), with a 3.3-fold higher mortality risk. Conclusions: This population-based study offers promising survival estimates reaching 86% globally at 5 years while revealing differences by cancer type and stage. It also highlights the Toronto Guidelines as a valuable tool for standardizing cancer registry methods and providing useful epidemiological indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer)
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