2026 July - 45 articles
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum leads to huge yield losses and mycotoxin contamination in wheat globally. Paenibacillus polymyxa with strong antagonistic activity was preliminarily identified. To clarify the key antifungal c...
Musician’s Dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder that occurs while playing an instrument and severely limits a musician’s ability to perform. While currently no causal therapies are available, symptomatic therapies, particula...
Fumonisins, a class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium fungi, pose significant health risks to humans and animals through contamination of the food and feed chains. They rank among the most prevalent mycotoxins contaminating maize and maize...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread nephrotoxic mycotoxin that contaminates cereal grains and feed, posing serious threats to animal health and food safety. Although curcumin has been reported to exert protective biological activities, it remains uncl...
Cervical dystonia (CD) is a focal dystonia typically treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), but objective biomarkers of disease state and treatment response are limited. In a prospective controlled observational study with within-subject phase...
Contamination of food and feed by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) remains a major global concern due to its toxicity, carcinogenicity, and persistence in the food chain. Environmental and climatic pressures continue to favor aflatoxigenic fungal contamination, h...
Uremic syndrome results from the accumulation of biologically active solutes that contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, anemia, CKD–mineral and bone disorder, and protein-energy wasting i...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health problem. Patients with CKD have high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular diseases. As CKD progresses, impaired renal clearance leads to the progressive accumulation...
Background: Increasing evidence supports the existence of a somatosensory subtype of tinnitus, in which craniocervical–craniomandibular structures can modulate tinnitus perception also through central auditory pathways. Despite growing mechanis...
Cyanobacterial and harmful algal blooms are common components of the waters in and around Southwest Florida and are sufficiently frequent to be of concern with respect to adverse effects on short- and long-term human and animal health. Currently, the...
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in maize poses serious risks to food and feed safety; however, conventional laboratory-based assays are often constrained by time and throughput for large-scale screening. This study proposes a hyperspectral imaging...
Digger wasps are solitary apoid wasps that excavate ground nests and use venom to paralyze insect prey. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that digger wasps belong to an ancient lineage of aculeate Hymenoptera and share an evolutionary ancestry wit...
Myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles, frequently associated with bruxism, is a prevalent condition with substantial impact on quality of life. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used as an adjunctive treatment for refractory cases, but the temp...
Mycotoxins are a worldwide hazard to animal feed and capable of deleterious effects on poultry. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an anti-mycotoxin feed additive on productive and reproductive parameters of breeder hens and roosters...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection into the masseter muscle is used in selected conditions associated with excessive or painful masseter activity, including oromandibular dystonia, masseter-related myalgia, and bruxism-associated masticatory muscl...
Bee-collected pollen (BCP), due to its valuable nutrient content, is considered a natural food suitable for human consumption. On the other hand, it should be noted that the rich nutritional value of BCP is also relevant in the context of potential c...
The posterior belly of the digastric muscle (PBDM) has recently been suggested as a target for botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment in facial synkinesis. However, anatomically based injection sites for the PBDM have not been established. This study aimed...
Objective: Residency programs in the United States lack the necessary training for physicians to confidently and competently inject botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and manage complex spasticity patients. This creates an unmet need for spasticity patients...
Mycotoxin contamination in feed poses a major threat to animal health and productivity, particularly in pigeons. This study evaluated the protective effects of three mycotoxin biodegradation agents (MBAs) in pigeons subchronically co-exposed to a myc...
Cystatins from hematophagous organisms modulate host proteases and are promising biotechnological tools. CysHv, a secreted cystatin from the Brazilian leech Haementeria vizottoi, was previously characterized as a potent inhibitor of papain and cathep...
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are exposed to high levels of uremic toxins and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Among these toxins, indolic compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) are predictors of cardiovascular events an...
The landscape of mycotoxin research is evolving rapidly [...]
The eyebrows are a central element of facial harmony, influenced by individual and external factors such as gender, ethnicity, facial shape, age, culture, and fashion trends. Traditional methods for esthetically enhancing eyebrows include plucking, h...
The presence of Fusarium mycotoxins is an intractable problem in cereal production, with T-2 and HT-2 posing a particular issue in oats. This study assesses the prevalence of Fusarium mycotoxins in unprocessed and de-hulled oats and oat food products...
Risk assessment is a dynamic and continuously evolving process aimed at characterizing the potential adverse effects on life and health arising from exposure to hazards. Among these hazards, mycotoxins represent one of the most significant and widely...
The accurate and sensitive detection of toxin contamination remains a pressing challenge for food safety, environmental integrity, and public health, because conventional analytical methods suffer from high costs, poor field stability, and inadequate...
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Introduction: Pain is a major contributor to functional impairment in neurological patients. Botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) is well-established for focal spasticity and has shown some benefits in pain reduction. Long-term data from large cohorts remai...
In their recent paper comparing three complexing protein-free botulinum toxin A products available on the market [...]
Globally, mycotoxin contamination of maize is a fundamental concern due to significant economic losses and toxic health effects on humans and animals. This study analyses the perceived effects of mycotoxin contamination and the use of control measure...
Snakebite incidents could occur even with deceased animals due to improper animal manipulation, since the venom may retain biochemical activity. However, it is unclear what alterations death may cause in snake venom, because even in well-preserved ge...
Cervical dystonia and spasticity are debilitating neuromuscular disorders that substantially impair quality of life. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a cornerstone therapy; however, heterogeneity in dosing, muscle selection, and guidance techniques...
Prospero autumnale L. is a Mediterranean medicinal plant traditionally employed for inflammatory and neurological disorders. Nonetheless, its safety profile, toxicity, and application for treating inflammation and pain are yet to be comprehensively e...
Animal venoms are complex biochemical systems composed of proteins, peptides, and small molecules with bioactivity. Traditionally regarded as toxic agents, venom components are increasingly recognized as valuable molecular libraries that can modulate...
Aspergillus flavus and its primary secondary metabolite, aflatoxin B1, pose a persistent threat to global food security and public health, highlighting the need to identify novel molecular targets for the development of highly specific fungicides. In...
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced primarily by molds of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. These widespread food and feed contaminants can cause significant risks to human and animal health. The aim of this study was...
We tested whether ergot alkaloids would affect the interaction of a protist with an ergot alkaloid-producing fungus by studying the response of the plasmodial slime mold Physarum polycephalum to cultures of Aspergillus leporis. Ergot alkaloid profile...
Accelerating eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems worldwide has increased concern regarding cyanotoxin exposure as an emerging environmental and public health issue, with Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) among the most extensively studied congeners due to its...
Approximately 30% of patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) have rest tremor that persists despite optimal dopaminergic therapy. When deep brain stimulation and focused ultrasound are unavailable or declined, the therapeutic opt...
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are well known for their high insecticidal activity against Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera and have been widely used in Bt transgenic crops. However, their activity against Hemipteran aphids remains relatively...
Jellyfish stings are the most common type of marine life injuries. However, at present, the treatment measures against jellyfish stings are mostly empirical and supportive, with uncertain therapeutic outcomes, and there is a lack of specific antidote...
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is an established treatment for cervical dystonia (CD), but objective neurophysiological markers across the injection cycle and between preparations are not well defined. We assessed afferent conduction (captured by CS...
Essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a focal dystonia characterized by abnormal brainstem excitability and impaired inhibitory control within trigeminal–facial circuits. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the established first-line treatment, prima...
Aflatoxin contamination is the main risk factor in grain and oil crops, which brings serious threats to food and feed safety. Exploring a green and safe way to reduce aflatoxin is meaningful. In this study, six strains with aflatoxin removal ability...
Lipophilic marine toxins (LMTs) are important toxic risk factors in marine ecosystems and seafood safety, yet the comparative cytotoxicity-associated molecular responses of different LMT classes remain unclear. Here, Neuro-2a cells were exposed to fo...
