You are currently viewing a new version of our website. To view the old version click .

Most Viewed

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
29,590 Views
19 Pages

17 January 2023

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an anaerobic rod-shaped-neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, that has both therapeutic and lethal applications. BoNT injection is the most popular cosmetic procedure worldwide with various applications. Patients wit...

  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
26,349 Views
7 Pages

10 December 2022

The platysma muscle is a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and lower part of the face. The platysma muscle is the primary target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy aimed at treating platysmal band and lower facial lif...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
22,747 Views
28 Pages

23 December 2022

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidn...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
18,776 Views
21 Pages

Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Modified Scoping Review

  • Areerat Suputtitada,
  • Supattana Chatromyen,
  • Carl P. C. Chen and
  • David M. Simpson

10 February 2024

This article aims to provide a concise overview of the best available evidence for managing post-stroke spasticity. A modified scoping review, conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), involv...

  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
17,264 Views
16 Pages

Aflatoxin Contamination: An Overview on Health Issues, Detection and Management Strategies

  • Meera Mohamed Alameri,
  • Amanda Shen-Yee Kong,
  • Mariam Nasser Aljaafari,
  • Hajer Al Ali,
  • Khadija Eid,
  • Maryam Al Sallagi,
  • Wan-Hee Cheng,
  • Aisha Abushelaibi,
  • Swee-Hua Erin Lim and
  • Jiun-Yan Loh
  • + 1 author

28 March 2023

Aflatoxins (AFs) represent one of the main mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, with the most prevalent and lethal subtypes being AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. AFs are responsible for causing significant public health...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
16,562 Views
14 Pages

17 February 2024

This study introduces the Lines and Dots (LADs) technique, a new approach for administering botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in treating forehead wrinkles. (1) Background: BoNT-A application patterns in the forehead often rely solely on the anatomy of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
15,325 Views
20 Pages

Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties

  • Goran Gajski,
  • Elina Leonova and
  • Nikolajs Sjakste

29 February 2024

Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, and Apis mellifera venom has been studied the most extensively. Numerous studies dealin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
14,784 Views
27 Pages

Neurotoxins Acting at Synaptic Sites: A Brief Review on Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

  • Kunming Zhou,
  • Weifeng Luo,
  • Tong Liu,
  • Yong Ni and
  • Zhenghong Qin

27 December 2022

Neurotoxins generally inhibit or promote the release of neurotransmitters or bind to receptors that are located in the pre- or post-synaptic membranes, thereby affecting physiological functions of synapses and affecting biological processes. With mor...

  • Review
  • Open Access
55 Citations
13,320 Views
33 Pages

2 December 2022

Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most important toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic fungal toxins that routinely contaminate food and feed. While more than 20 AFs have been identified to date, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), and M1 (AFM1...