Secondary-metabolite profiles of Alternaria are usually characterised by standard laboratory media, although fungal metabolism in plant-associated environments is shaped by a different nutritional context. This study investigated how a plant-derived...
Sea snake bites are uncommon but may cause severe myotoxic and neurotoxic envenoming. Contemporary clinical data from Thailand remain limited. Using a 15-year retrospective dataset from the Ramathibodi Poison Center, we described the clinical charact...
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) treatment benefits from rapid parent removal and control of transformation products. We co-immobilized cell-free MlrA and MlrC preparations on chitosan- and glutaraldehyde-functionalized magnetic biochar to form a dual-enzyme m...
Crotalid envenomation carries the highest snakebite mortality rate in Brazil, yet its impact on the fetus during pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of a moderate, nonlethal dose of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (vC...
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) represent the major mycotoxins contaminating cereals. They impair cereal utilizable value and accumulate in processing byproducts, causing substantial food waste. Accordingly, mycotoxin...
The analytical characteristics of Lyngbya wollei toxin 4 (LWTX4), a rare derivative of saxitoxin (STX), remain insufficiently documented due to its limited availability. In the present study, therefore, LWTX4 was synthesized using the previously repo...
Tomato is among the most widely cultivated vegetable crops worldwide. However, its high susceptibility to Alternaria is particularly concerning due to the ability of fungi of this genus to produce mycotoxins that pose potential health risks. Contamin...
Botulism is a fatal disease characterized by flaccid paralysis caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). In adults, human botulism is currently treated with equine-derived antitoxins, which have provided substantial clinical benefit and remain the mains...
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic foodborne mycotoxin, has progressively been linked to serious, life-threatening health complications like cancer, particularly in the liver. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), AFB1...
The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
The objectives of the present study were (i) the systematic identification and evaluation of the published literature on mycotoxins in sheep and goat milk, (ii) the characterization of its bibliometric and scientific features and (iii) the identifica...
We have developed highly potent botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) antitoxins consisting of three mAbs that bind non-overlapping epitopes and act synergistically to neutralize and rapidly clear circulating toxin. The resulting potency permits a low total an...
Comparative evidence across repeated botulinum toxin treatment cycles for hemifacial spasm (HFS) remains limited. This 50-week double-blind randomized crossover trial compared Abobotulinumtoxin A 100 U (Abo-BoNT-A) with Neubotulinumtoxin A 33.33 U (N...
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has become one of the most widely utilized biologics today in both therapeutic and aesthetic applications. Alongside innovative explorations in BoNT/A use, advancements have also been made in manufacturing and for...
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites; among them, aflatoxin B1 is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Aflatoxins exhibit fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Kojic acid, another substance prod...
This study aimed to determine the effects of a multi-target intervention on intestinal health and production performance in weaned piglets fed diets contaminated with a mixture of Fusarium toxins. To mimic farm conditions, naturally contaminated ingr...
Venom evolution has traditionally been investigated using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, which have provided critical insights into toxin composition and function but remain constrained by uneven taxonomic and geographic sampling. These met...
Phenotypic plasticity mediates organismal responses to environmental variation and plays an important role in ecological adaptation. Because animal venoms are adaptations that interact directly with the external environment, it seems reasonable to ex...
Saxitoxins (STXs) are potent neurotoxins associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) and represent a major concern for seafood safety. While monitoring programs mainly target bivalve molluscs, information on STXs occurrence in other aquatic organisms...
Improving water quality through the support of natural biological and biogeochemical processes has attracted increasing interest in aquatic system management. It is hypothesised that phytoplankton community restructuring intervention using amorphous...
Scorpion envenoming is primarily recognized as a neurotoxic syndrome, but increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory responses may contribute to its systemic effects. The clinical relevance of these responses in patients with mild envenoming rema...
OnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is a neurotoxin that is FDA approved to treat multiple indications. However, data regarding the burden of these indications and onabotA utilization among older adults are limited. This analysis examined the prevalence of...
Bothrops lanceolatus, a viper species endemic to Martinique, is unusual among lancehead pit vipers in producing delayed thrombosis rather than venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. The molecular basis of the thrombotic phenotype of this venom, and...
Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm or bollworm) is a primary target of transgenic crops expressing insecticidal Cry and Vip3Aa proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Widespread resistance to Cry toxins has increased reliance on Vip3Aa. We evalu...
Large-scale cultivation of transgenic Bt crops has led to target pest resistance to Bt proteins, especially Cry1Ac. Under persistent selection pressure, Helicoverpa armigera has evolved resistance to Bt proteins in both laboratory and field populatio...
Long-term renal outcomes following snake envenomation may vary across regions, yet remain poorly characterized in South Korea. We investigated the long-term risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following snake envenomation and snakebite-related acute...
Alexandrium catenella, a harmful algal species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is frequently found along the California coast. Although it is prevalent, the environmental and climatic variables underlying long-term variability in...
Snakebite envenoming is the world’s deadliest neglected tropical disease, predominantly affecting the most resource-limited regions. This scoping review aimed to map the global landscape of studies investigating the epidemiology of snakebite en...
Intradetrusor abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) is used off-label for refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB), but real-world data on persistence are scarce. This study aimed to describe persistence and reasons for discontinuation in all treated...
Kidney assistance therapy, a term that more accurately reflects the limited therapeutic capabilities of dialytic modalities conventionally referred to as kidney replacement therapy, sustains life by removing retained uremic toxins and excess fluid, w...
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) produce potent neurotoxins, such as domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX), which negatively impact marine mammal health. To contextualize these threats within specific regional ecosystems, we conducted a comprehensive meta-...
Highly lethal Vibrio disease (HLVD) is a newly emerging shrimp disease caused by VTc toxin-producing Vibrio strains, designated VHLVD. VTc toxin, composed of VTcA, VTcB, and VTcC subunits, is a novel member of the Tc toxin family. Structural and func...
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in aquaculture that infects several economically important fish species, including large yellow croaker, orange-spotted grouper and yellow drum. Due to its high incidence and morta...
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that poses a potential threat to male reproductive health. This study investigated the age-dependent testicular toxicity of ZEA and its association with autophagy-related changes in male mice. Male C57BL/6...
Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin affecting cow reproduction, and deoxynivalenol (DON) are cytotoxic and immunotoxic, reducing protein synthesis. Contamination with ZEN and DON decreases the productivity of breeding cows. We evaluated the fe...
Disintegrins are snake venom toxins that bind integrins and modulate platelet aggregation and cell migration. Isolation from venom often yields insufficient quantities for comprehensive study, making recombinant expression essential for detailed toxi...
Fusarium graminearum is a plant-pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing fungus of major concern to cereal production worldwide. There are genetically distinct populations of the pathogen that are associated with different trichothecene mycotoxin profiles....
Wild pufferfish are abundant in the coastal waters of southeastern China, yet systematic data on their toxicity remain limited. This study collected 1230 specimens from Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan and quantified tetrodotoxin (TTX) in nine...
Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, the first oxygenic photosynthetic organisms on Earth, play indispensable ecological roles as primary producers and drivers of biogeochemical cycles, and are also sources of human food, nutraceuticals, and biotechno...
Aflatoxin (AF) exposure during pregnancy may compromise maternal health and fetal development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gestational exposure to AF in pregnant Wistar rats and the mitigating effect of a functional yogurt (FY) contai...
This review examines recent advances in the enantiomeric separation of tropane alkaloids (TAs), focusing on atropine, a racemic mixture of (+)- and (−)-hyoscyamine whose enantiomers differ significantly in pharmacological activity, with (&minus...
Poison-centre records can inform toxicovigilance, but their interpretation depends on stable definitions and complete fields. We audited scorpion-sting data published by Turkey’s National Poison Control Centre (UZEM) and mapped record-design fe...
Although previous studies have demonstrated that ozone gas can inactivate botulinum toxin in liquid solutions, evidence regarding its effects under in vivo conditions remains limited. This exploratory study investigated whether local ozone injection...
The co-occurrence of phycotoxins produced by harmful algal blooms is becoming more frequent. To combat this problem, monitoring programs that can track and quantify a wide range of hydrophilic and lipophilic phycotoxins are required. A 24 h, bench-sc...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction, which contributes to systemic inflammation and disease progression. We investigated whether 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a human milk oligosaccharide, co...
More aesthetic patients now ask for changes in facial contour: a smaller face, a sharper jawline, and less sagging. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is best known as a treatment for wrinkles, but it can also be used for modifying facial contour. With BoNT alon...
Kunitz-type peptides from venomous and blood-sucking animals represent an important natural molecular resource for anticoagulant development towards XIa, a new target for antithrombotic drug discovery. However, the plasmin-inhibitory activity of thes...
Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for Hymenoptera venom allergy, but real-world data describing VIT-related reactions and individualized premedication practices remain limited. We retrospectively evaluated 16 adults un...
Pyruvate carboxylase (PYC), a multifunctional biotin-dependent enzyme, is essential in diverse metabolic cascades including gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This study aimed to dissect the physiological roles of PYC and its suc...
The presence and accumulation of marine biotoxins, including paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) analogues, in marine organisms poses a significant food safety concern. This study describes the validation of a quantitative confir...
