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  • Review
  • Open Access

Aflatoxin Exposure and Human Health with a Focus on Northern Latin America

  • Karen A. Corleto,
  • Christian S. Alvarez,
  • Manuel Ramirez-Zea,
  • John D. Groopman and
  • Katherine A. McGlynn
Toxins2026, 18(1), 58;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010058 
(registering DOI)

22 January 2026

Aflatoxins, mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, were discovered sixty-five years ago and remain a significant public health threat, particularly amid increasing instances of extreme weather events. Of the four princ...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Aligning Minds in Spasticity Care—A Two-Phase Delphi-Dialogue Study of Patients and Professionals in Spain

  • Helena Bascuñana-Ambrós,
  • Jacobo Formigo-Couceiro,
  • José Maria Climent-Barberá,
  • Lluis Guirao-Cano,
  • Michelle Catta-Preta,
  • Alex Trejo-Omeñaca and
  • Josep Maria Monguet-Fierro
Toxins2026, 18(1), 56;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010056 
(registering DOI)

22 January 2026

Background: Spasticity, which occurs with certain neurological conditions, substantially affects quality of life, function, and social participation. Despite widespread botulinum toxin use, variability persists in patient information, access to speci...

  • Review
  • Open Access

Strategies for Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Hemodialysis

  • Joost C. de Vries,
  • João G. Brás,
  • Geert M. de Vries,
  • Jeroen C. Vollenbroek,
  • Fokko P. Wieringa,
  • Joachim Jankowski,
  • Marianne C. Verhaar,
  • Dimitrios Stamatialis,
  • Rosalinde Masereeuw and
  • Karin G. F. Gerritsen
Toxins2026, 18(1), 57;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010057 
(registering DOI)

22 January 2026

The removal of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) from the blood of kidney failure patients with conventional dialysis is limited. However, as their harmful effects and association with morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients are increasingly r...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access

Megalomyrmex milenae Transcriptome Reveals a Complex Venom Cocktail

  • Kyle S. Sozanski,
  • Guilherme R. Coelho,
  • Marcela Akemi Ishihara,
  • Alonso Delgado and
  • Rachelle M. M. Adams

21 January 2026

Megalomyrmex ant species have a rich natural history that provides an interesting backdrop to understanding how venom has been shaped by evolution. However, like many other species in the tribe Solenopsidini, alkaloid investigations have dominated, l...

  • Article
  • Open Access

The Venom Proteome and Immunorecognition Profile of Clinically Important Echis carinatus sochureki from Northwestern India Underscores the Need for Regionally Specific Antivenoms

  • Akhilesh Kumar,
  • Alka Sahu,
  • Maya Gopalakrishnan,
  • Avni Blotra,
  • Vishal Kumar Rout,
  • Sourish Kuttalam,
  • Shibi Muralidar,
  • Anita Malhotra and
  • Karthikeyan Vasudevan

21 January 2026

The saw-scaled viper Echis carinatus, one of the “Big Four” causes of snakebites in India, is found from Sri Lanka to eastern Iraq. To investigate clinical reports regarding the limited efficacy of Indian polyvalent antivenom (IPAV) again...

  • Article
  • Open Access

20 January 2026

Ramaria flavobrunnescens is an ectomycorrhizal coral mushroom that is often found growing in eucalyptus forests. The mushroom has been linked to accidental ingestion-associated livestock poisonings in South America, though the toxicological agent has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Views
18 Pages

Longitudinal, Multi-Cycle Evaluation of Passive Function Improvement in People with Arm Spasticity Treated with Botulinum Toxin A

  • Stephen A. Ashford,
  • Khan Buchwald,
  • Klemens Fheodoroff,
  • Jorge Jacinto,
  • Ajit Narayanan,
  • Richard J. Siegert,
  • Christian Hannes and
  • Lynne Turner-Stokes

19 January 2026

Improvement in passive function (i.e., ease of caring for a limb) is a common goal for treatment of spasticity in the arm with botulinum toxin. A large international, observational, 2-year longitudinal study (ULIS-III, N = 953) was conducted in real-...

  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Views
8 Pages

Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Notalgia Paresthetica—A Critical Review and Update

  • Ava Grace Tohidian,
  • Shahroo Etemadmoghadam and
  • Bahman Jabbari

19 January 2026

Notalgia paresthetica is a condition characterized by pruritus and pain in the upper back, often associated with skin discoloration in the same area. Through Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus search engines, we identified reports of eight clinical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
92 Views
16 Pages

Reducing Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize: Development and Performance of a Novel Biological Input

  • Paloma Rhein,
  • Marianela Bossa,
  • María del Pilar Monge,
  • Diego Giovanini,
  • César Alfredo Barbero,
  • Sofía Noemí Chulze,
  • María Laura Chiotta and
  • María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon

17 January 2026

Aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus section Flavi constitutes a major health and economic concern. While biological control using non-toxigenic strains has proven effective, the increasing global food demand underscores the need for alter...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651