Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Volume 47, Issue 12

Ischemic stroke (IS) continues to pose a significant threat to human health. Few studies have explored the connection between ferroptosis-related genes and immune infiltration in the context of IS. Initially, 303 differentially expressed genes were i...

With the aging global population, interest in skin aging and skin health products is increasing. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) has been widely used for its pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-whitening, and ant...

Epithelial cancers represent a broad spectrum of tumors that develop from epithelia of the skin and glands, as well as the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and gynecological tracts [...]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, heterogeneous, hyperglycemic chronic metabolic disorder. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressive loss of insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells due to IR (insulin resistance),...

Inflammation underpins pulmonary disease progression during tobacco smoke exposure, which may culminate in irreversible pulmonary disease. While primary smoke poses a notable risk, nearly half of the US population is also susceptible due to frequent...

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health burden, characterized by a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology insufficiently targeted by conventional single-treatment approaches. This review presents an integrative framework...

Background/objectives: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare, poorly differentiated breast cancer defined by the presence of ductal carcinoma along with areas of matrix-producing, spindle-cell, sarcomatous, or squamous differentiation. It doe...

Background: Two natural steroids derived from cholesterol pathways are testosterone and progesterone, androgen and antiandrogen receptor binding. Steroid androgen antagonists can be prescribed to treat an array of diseases and disorders such as gende...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked hereditary disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the DMD gene encoding the dystrophin protein. The absence of functional dystrophin leads to destabilization of the dystrophin-associated glyco...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men; its occurrence is closely related to the interaction between stromal cells and epithelial cells in the prostate. This article aims to explore the potential therapeutic effect and...

Conventional cancer treatments often fail due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immune tolerance, and chronic inflammation. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Cancer vaccines can stimulate natural killer cells a...

This study focuses on the genetic and clinical characterization of Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD), which are frequently underdiagnosed or misclassified due to clinical similarities with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Researchers performed Exome Seque...

Rhododendron fortunei Lindl is known for its unique aroma, but the molecular mechanism behind plant hormone-mediated aroma biosynthesis remains unclear. To explore how brassinosteroids (BRs) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) regulate its aroma, this study...

To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which a Western diet (WD) promotes the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we analyzed changes in the expression profiles of multiple glucose-regulatory tissues of male C57BL/6 mice. We fed the mice...

Sepsis remains a major cause of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conditions characterized by high mortality and limited therapeutic options. Among the diverse inflammatory pathways implicated in their pathogenes...

This study compared the gonadotropin gene sequences (LH and FSH subunits) of Cynomolgus and Rhesus monkeys and produced recombinant single-chain LHβ/α and FSHβ/α proteins. The α- and FSHβ-subunit sequences were identi...

The years 2023–2025 have generated a profound evolution in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, where the threads of oxidative stress weave through aging, environmental insults, and human disease, and—increasingly—therap...

Cancer reversion therapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology, focusing on reprogramming malignant cells to a non-malignant state rather than destroying them. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence, emerging technologies, and future di...

Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is a severe, life-threatening liver inflammation caused by chronic heavy drinking, with high short-term mortality despite abstinence and supportive care. The pathophysiology involves a compromised gut–liver axis,...

Circadian rhythm disruption induced by exposure to light—excessive in duration and intensity (dark deprivation)—and the impact of hepatotoxins are both significant risk factors for liver pathology. The purpose of this research was to eval...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and remains a major challenge in contemporary oncology, where early detection is critical for improving treatment outcomes and survival. Despite significant progress in...

T-2 mycotoxins are known to induce toxic effects in animals. The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by toxins, resulting in cellular damage, apoptosis, and disruptions to cell cycle regulation. Cyclin-dependent kinase inh...

The limited efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the context of gastric cancer treatment is largely driven by profound molecular and biological heterogeneity. In contrast, the development of antibody-mediated therapies has ushered in a new era of pr...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To address this need, we focused on UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2). Although...

Chronic inflammatory diseases are driven by persistent immune activation and metabolic imbalance that disrupt tissue homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts cellular bioenergetics and immune regulation, driving persistent inflammatory signali...

Androgens have been shown to be linked to cancer progression, particularly in hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast cancer, but also other cancers. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), which has primarily been studied in Alzheimer’s...

Drought stress, exacerbated by climate change, is a serious threat to global food security. This review examines the synergistic potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biochar as a sustainable strategy for enhancing crop drought...

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing progressive joint destruction, resulting in significant morbidity and increased mortality. Despite advances in treatment, current pharmacological opti...

Analysis of coding areas has long been used to study monogenic illnesses, but despite the extensive use of whole-exome sequencing (WES), up to half of suspected cases remain genetically unexplained. Variants outside coding areas can alter splicing, t...

Sympathetic remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical mechanism underlying the development of malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The cardiac sympathetic nervous system functions as a multi-level regulatory netwo...

Over recent decades, scientific interest in natural bioactive compounds has increased considerably, driven by the growing recognition of their therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases [...]

DapE is a highly conserved bacterial enzyme that produces L,L-diaminopimelic acid in the meso-diaminopimelic acid and lysine synthesis pathway, which is essential for peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall. DapE has been recognized as a promising a...

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most damaging bacterial diseases affecting apple production and the safety of wild Malus sieversii populations in Central Asia. Effective monitoring relies on accurate molecular diagnostics; how...

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable precise C-to-T (G-to-A) conversions in genomic DNA, offering significant potential for specific gene editing. This study compared the prototypical Base Editor 3 (BE3) and a modified variant, BE3-Y130F, which utiliz...

Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, with nearly one-third of patients experiencing inadequate seizure control with conventional anti-epileptic drugs. The GABAergic system, responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission in the ce...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries, and B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway inhibitors such as idelalisib and ibrutinib are currently established therapies for CLL. Although effective, these drugs frequently...

Salinity accumulation is a critical abiotic constraint in hydroponic agriculture, particularly in recirculating systems, where limited leaching and nutrient cycling intensify ionic accumulation and increase the conductivity of nutrient solutions. Hyd...

Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and widely used as a culinary spice. The present research aimed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, phenolic profile, antioxidant po...

Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used sedative because it has minimal adverse effects on respiratory function. Nevertheless, its cardiovascular safety profile, particularly bradycardia risk and drug–drug interactions (DDIs), remains incompletely u...

Adenomyosis, a prevalent gynecologic condition involving invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, remains poorly understood in terms of its molecular pathogenesis. Numb, an important regulator of cellular destiny and stem cell maintenance,...

In recent years, the relationship between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumors has become a growing focus in tumor biology research. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, serves as a crucial link mediating the intera...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide. Despite extensive research, core genes for diagnosis and prognosis in CRC remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify novel gene biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and p...

It is essential to review the outcome of nanomaterials on crop growth and development, as well as their underlying applications and risks in agriculture. The agricultural department need to seek a more efficient and sustainable production approach wi...

C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factors (ZFPs) play essential roles in plant stress signaling and development; however, their putative functions in safflower have not been systematically characterized. Leveraging the reference genome of the saffl...

Among the microorganisms present in the microbiome of Camellia japonica flowers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides were isolated to investigate their modulatory effects on moisturizing and barrier-related molecular m...

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a key channel controlling mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis, yet its role in plant stress responses remains unclear. Using the tomato pan-genome, this study identified 66 MCU genes across 12 tomato species an...

Background: Clozapine remains the only antipsychotic with proven efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, it is effective in only about 40% of patients and is associated with numerous adverse drug reactions. Personalization of cl...

Protein and nucleic acid play central roles in biology and pharmaceuticals. Both share a similar architecture made of a backbone and side chains. Protein has a peptide backbone and various side chains, whereas nucleic acid has a phosphate backbone an...

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and is significant in organ transplantation, disease association studies, and population genetics. But does it influence longevity? The present study aims...

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes are growing public health problems worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that signif...