Sensors, Volume 21, Issue 19

Human-robot interaction has received a lot of attention as collaborative robots became widely utilized in many industrial fields. Among techniques for human-robot interaction, collision identification is an indispensable element in collaborative robo...

Vibration analysis is an active area of research, aimed, among other targets, at an accurate classification of machinery failure modes. The analysis often leads to complex and convoluted signal processing pipeline designs, which are computationally d...

Stepped-frequency waveform may be used to synthesize a wideband signal with several narrow-band pulses and achieve a high-resolution range profile without increasing the instantaneous bandwidth. Nevertheless, the conventional stepped-frequency wavefo...

More electric aircrafts (MEAs) are paving the path to all electric aircrafts (AEAs), which make a much more intensive use of electrical power than conventional aircrafts. Due to the strict weight requirements, both MEA and AEA systems require to incr...

Anomaly detection is one of the crucial tasks in daily infrastructure operations as it can prevent massive damage to devices or resources, which may then lead to catastrophic outcomes. To address this challenge, we propose an automated solution to de...

Nondestructive evaluation of elastic properties plays a critical role in condition monitoring of thin structures such as sheets, plates or tubes. Recent research has shown that elastic properties of such structures can be determined with remarkable a...

In this paper, we propose a multi-view stereo matching method, EnSoft3D (Enhanced Soft 3D Reconstruction) to obtain dense and high-quality depth images. Multi-view stereo is one of the high-interest research areas and has wide applications. Motivated...

This research proposes a 3D internal visualization using ultrasonic pulse-echo tomography technique to evaluate accurately the state of concrete structures for their efficient maintenance within a limited budget. Synthetic aperture focusing technique...

Human activity recognition has been extensively used for the classification of occupational tasks. Existing activity recognition approaches perform well when training and testing data follow an identical distribution. However, in the real world, this...

In animal tracking applications, smaller transmitters can reduce the impact of the transmitter on the tagged animal and thus provide more accurate data about animal behavior. By combining a novel circuit design and a newly developed micro-battery, we...

The maintenance of port infrastructures presents difficulties due to their location: an aggressive environment or the variability of the waves can cause progressive deterioration. Maritime conditions make inspections difficult and, added to the lack...

Compared with optical sensors, wearable inertial sensors have many advantages such as low cost, small size, more comprehensive application range, no space restrictions and occlusion, better protection of user privacy, and more suitable for sports app...

IoT platforms have become quite complex from a technical viewpoint, becoming the cornerstone for information sharing, storing, and indexing given the unprecedented scale of smart services being available by massive deployments of a large set of data-...

In turning, the wear control of a cutting tool benefits product quality enhancement, tool-related costs‘ optimisation, and assists in avoiding undesired events. In small series and individual production, the machine operator is the one who determines...

R peak detection is crucial in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis to detect and diagnose cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Herein, the dynamic mode selected energy (DMSE) and adaptive window sizing (AWS) algorithm are proposed for detecting R peak...

Coreset is usually a small weighted subset of an input set of items, that provably approximates their loss function for a given set of queries (models, classifiers, hypothesis). That is, the maximum (worst-case) error over all queries is bounded. To...

Acute intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition. The current gold standard, with evaluation based on visual and tactile sensation, has low specificity. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using machine learning models on images of...

This paper presents an experimental setup to measure the horizontal centering error of a pre-built pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor module, in which a dual-element PIR sensor is aligned at the focal point of a single-zone Fresnel Lens. In the setup...

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has become a popular behavioral therapy in the special education needs (SEN) community. ABA is used to manage SEN students’ behaviors by solving problems in socially important settings, and puts emphasis on having prec...

Fitness and sport have drawn significant attention in wearable and persuasive computing. Physical activities are worthwhile for health, well-being, improved fitness levels, lower mental pressure and tension levels. Nonetheless, during high-power and...

The healing process of surgically-stabilised long bone fractures depends on two main factors: (a) the assessment of implant stability, and (b) the knowledge of bone callus stiffness. Currently, X-rays are the main diagnostic tool used for the assessm...

Axicon is a versatile optical element for forming a zero-order Bessel beam, including high-power laser radiation schemes. Nevertheless, it has drawbacks such as the produced beam’s parameters being dependent on a particular element, the output beam’s...

Impedance spectroscopy is a widely used electrochemical technique with a wide variety of applications. Many of these applications benefit from the additional accessibility provided by low-cost impedance devices. With this in mind, a low-cost impedanc...

In recent years, intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have developed rapidly. However, most of the existing work performs well under the assumption that training and testing samples are collected from the same distribution, and...

Research shows that various contextual factors can have an impact on learning. Some of these factors can originate from the physical learning environment (PLE) in this regard. When learning from home, learners have to organize their PLE by themselves...

Real-time and accurate longitudinal rip detection of a conveyor belt is crucial for the safety and efficiency of an industrial haulage system. However, the existing longitudinal detection methods possess drawbacks, often resulting in false alarms cau...

At present, people spend most of their time in passive rather than active mode. Sitting with computers for a long time may lead to unhealthy conditions like shoulder pain, numbness, headache, etc. To overcome this problem, human posture should be cha...

Chromatic dispersion engineering of photonic waveguide is of great importance for Photonic Integrated Circuit in broad applications, including on-chip CD compensation, supercontinuum generation, Kerr-comb generation, micro resonator and mode-locked l...

The research presented in this manuscript proposes a novel Harris Hawks optimization algorithm with practical application for evolving convolutional neural network architecture to classify various grades of brain tumor using magnetic resonance imagin...

Human activity recognition has been a key study topic in the development of cyber physical systems and assisted living applications. In particular, inertial sensor based systems have become increasingly popular because they do not restrict users’ mov...

Background: Biometric sensing is a security method for protecting information and property. State-of-the-art biometric traits are behavioral and physiological in nature. However, they are vulnerable to tampering and forgery. Methods: The proposed app...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and morbidity worldwide. Many studies have shown machine learning models to be effective in detecting lung nodules from chest X-ray images. However, these techniques have yet to be embraced by the medi...

We present an end-to-end smart harvesting solution for precision agriculture. Our proposed pipeline begins with yield estimation that is done through the use of object detection and tracking to count fruit within a video. We use and train You Only Lo...

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes for histamine (HA) determination were fabricated and studied. Gold wire (0.5 mm diameter) was coated with poly(3,4-ethlenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a solid conductive layer...

A non-destructive method using machine vision is an effective way to monitor plant growth. However, due to the lighting changes and complicated backgrounds in outdoor environments, this becomes a challenging task. In this paper, a low-cost camera sys...

While monolithic giant earth observation satellites still have obvious advantages in regularity and accuracy, distributed satellite systems are providing increased flexibility, enhanced robustness, and improved responsiveness to structural and enviro...

Deep learning has been successfully applied to many classification problems including underwater challenges. However, a long-standing issue with deep learning is the need for large and consistently labeled datasets. Although current approaches in sem...

This paper contains a detailed description of the design and validation of a measurement stand for testing the airborne sound insulation of specimens made at a small scale. The stand is comprised of two coupled reverberation rooms in which the geomet...

The reliability of the ultrasonic phased array total focusing method (TFM) imaging of parts with curved geometries depends on many factors, one being the probe standoff. Strong artifacts and resolution loss are introduced by some surface profile and...

An ammonia gas (NH₃) generator was developed to maintain a set concentration of ammonia gas in a controlled environment chamber to study poultry physiological responses to sustained elevated levels of ammonia gas. The goal was to maintain 50 parts pe...

Evaluation of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO₂) and dead space to tidal volume ratio (V_D/V_T) during exercise is important for the identification of exercise limitation causes in heart failure (HF). However, repeated sampling of arterial or art...

COVID-19 tracing applications have been launched in several countries to track and control the spread of viruses. Such applications utilize Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmissions, which are short range and can be used to determine infected and susc...

Affected by the vibrations and thermal shocks during launch and the orbit penetration process, the geometric positioning model of the remote sensing cameras measured on the ground will generate a displacement, affecting the geometric accuracy of imag...

Excessive muscle tension is implicitly caused by inactivity or tension in daily activities, and it results in increased joint stiffness and vibration, and thus, poor performance, failure, and injury in sports. Therefore, the routine measurement of mu...

The radar geometry defined by a spatially separated transmitter and receiver with a moving object crossing the baseline is considered as a Bistatic Forward Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (BFISAR). As a transmitter of opportunity, a Digital Video Br...

Road accidents represent the greatest public health burden in the world. Road traffic accidents have been on the rise in Rwanda for several years. Speed has been identified as a core factor in these road accidents. Therefore, understanding road accid...

The photothermocapillary (PTC) effect is a deformation of the free surface of a thin liquid layer on a solid material that is caused by the dependence of the coefficient of surface tension on temperature. The PTC effect is highly sensitive to variati...

Motor imagery (MI) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been used for a wide variety of applications due to their intuitive matching between the user’s intentions and the performance of tasks. Applying dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes to...

Numerous methods and devices are available for implant fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Biomechanical data indicate high variability in fixation stability across different devices. This study aims to provide a better insig...

A position sensing glove called SmartScan, which creates a 3D virtual model of a real object, is presented. The data from the glove is processed by a volume minimization algorithm to validate the position sensor data. This allows only data from the o...