1,601 Results Found

European integration aims to achieve spatially sustainable development across the member states. However, the success of socio-economic integration is conditioned by structural features of the economies, which, hitherto, appear highly diversified acr...

Composite indicators are almost always determined by methods that aggregate a reasonable number of manifest variables that can be weighted—or not—as new synthesis variables. A problem arises when these aggregations and weightings do not c...

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted an enormous impact on the Indonesian economy. In 2020, the country’s economy contracted by 2.7%. However, the impact has been spatially heterogeneous. Based on provincial GDP across industrial sectors, this stu...

Persistent gender inequality in industrial employment continues to challenge inclusive labor systems worldwide. While education and labor market reforms have expanded opportunities for women, structural barriers remain deeply embedded in manufacturin...

The paper explores the changes in the determinants of interprovincial inequality in China during the period of 2000 to 2017 by way of bi-dimensional decomposition method. The method integrates two inequality decompositions by both regional groups and...

The causal structure of a system imposes constraints on the joint probability distribution of variables that can be generated by the system. Archetypal constraints consist of conditional independencies between variables. However, particularly in the...

Recent research on the effects of the productive structure of an economy has turned to examining whether economic complexity is associated with lower income inequality. In contrast to the commonly adopted approach that estimates the impact of economi...

Inequality is a large challenge to sustainable development, and achieving equity has already become one of the top goals in sustainable development of the UN’s post-2015 development agenda. Located in the western inland region of China, Chongqing is...

In real reflexive Banach spaces, let the GSTDHVI, SHVI, DVIP, VIT, and KKM represent a generalized system of time-dependent hemivariational inequalities, a system of hemivariational inequalities, a derived vector inclusion problem, Volterra integral...

The lockdown policies enacted in the spring of 2020, in response to the growing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, have remained a contentious policy tool due to the variability of outcomes they produced for some p...

The impact of the digital dividends from Internet development on urban and rural residents is influenced by the existing urban–rural dual structure, resulting in heterogeneous and time-varying impacts on urban–rural consumption inequality...

Patterns of inequality tend to seriously undermine any attempt at economic growth policy when the inequality is perceived by significant groups of individuals as unjust, inhuman, and insurmountable. One country with a high degree of inequality has be...

This study examines the impact of demographic shifts on income inequality among farm households over an 18-year period, from 2003 to 2021. Our principal aim is to determine whether changes in income inequality are driven more by intra-group changes i...

This article demonstrates how structural social work theory and critical consciousness development can be used to help facilitate a transition from a deficit model approach to an inequities perspective in a child welfare system that was working to im...

The United States’ neoliberal approach to governance promotes structural inequalities that shape individuals’ sense of dignity. We employ qualitative in-depth interviews and ethnographic field study to examine dignity construction via daily experienc...

Background: Many children in high-income countries, including Canada, experience unjust and preventable health inequities as a result of social and structural forces that are beyond their families’ immediate environment and control. In this con...

We obtain the Wang-type integral inequalities for compact minimal hypersurfaces in the unit sphere $S^{2n+1}$ with Sasakian structure and use these inequalities to find two characterizations of minimal Clifford hypersurfaces in the unit sphe...

This study investigates the relationship between stock returns and income inequality in South Africa, a country marked by persistently high levels of income disparities and a sophisticated and structurally unique financial market. Despite the Johanne...

This study examined university students’ perceptions of inequality, relationships and power following the COVID-19 outbreak. We used a qualitative research method, inductive content analysis (ICA), to analyse their perceptions of inequality in...

In this paper, we establish a structural inequality of the ∞-subLaplacian ${▵}_{0,\infty }$ in a class of the semi-simple Lie group endowed with the horizontal vector fields $X_1,\dots ,X_{2n}$. When $1<p\le 4$ with $n=1$ and $1<p<3+\frac{1}{n-1}$ w...

Brain drain represents a critical challenge to global development, reflecting structural inequalities and tensions between mobility and rootedness. This study analyzes the determinants of skilled migration in 178 countries (2006–2022) using a r...

The structure of land ownership and land use changed significantly after the fall of the communist regime in most CEE countries. The goal of this paper is to present a unique analysis of the highly concentrated Hungarian land system and model spatial...

In Switzerland, baccalaureate school is still considered to be the royal road to a university education and the elite path for the social reproduction of the upper class. However, cantonal enrollment to baccalaureate school varies widely due to Swiss...

Latin American upper-middle-income countries (LAUMICs) face significant challenges in ensuring equitable access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for adolescents due to socioeconomic inequalities, migration, and historical violence. This system...

Health is increasingly subject to the complex interplay between the built environment, population composition, and the structured inequity in access to health-related resources across communities. The primary objective of this paper was to examine ca...

This paper presents a new method for the design of separable-denominator 2-D IIR filters with nearly linear phase in the passband. The design method is based on a balanced realization model reduction technique. The nearly linear-phase 2-D IIR filter...

The degree-based network entropy which is inspired by Shannon’s entropy concept becomes the information-theoretic quantity for measuring the structural information of graphs and complex networks. In this paper, we study some properties of the degree-...

In this study, we will prove that the presence of the voids and of the internal state variables in an elastic body with dipolar structure have no effect on the result of uniqueness regarding the solution of the initial-boundary value problem from thi...

This qualitative study aims to explore the limitations of using a cultural assessment tool in higher education with the goal of preparing students to thrive in a highly demanding, diverse, and global community. Colleges and universities are potential...

Traditionally, the field of forensic anthropology has built its foundation on being an objective observer of human behavior to answer questions of medicolegal significance. With the publication of the NAS report in 2009, the field continues to fulfil...

In this paper we examine the linkage of male-dominant family law systems and levels of nation-state security and stability. We expect such societies to be predisposed to parasitical rent-seeking and inefficiency, combined with coercive conflict resol...

To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, governments all over the world implemented strong lockdown measures to a large part of the population, including the closing of educational centres. Teachers were urged to transform their teaching methodology, moving...

Air pollution is a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality, potentially exacerbated by COVID-19, and a threat to planetary health. Participatory research, with a structural violence framework, illuminates exposure inequities and refines mi...

During China’s transition toward negative population growth, spatial differentiation in demographic change has become increasingly pronounced, revealing deep-seated disparities that challenge sustainable development efforts. This study examines...

Background: Maternal mortality in Brazil remains a critical indicator of social and racial inequalities, reflecting structural failures in access to and quality of obstetric care. Black women, particularly those categorized as black or brown, are at...

Job-to-job transitions are associated with career progression and wage gains. Thus, regional differences in job mobility potentially contribute to and reinforce regional and social inequalities. This study aims to close the research gap in the unders...

Any single system whose space of states is given by a separable Hilbert space is automatically equipped with infinitely many hidden tensor-like structures. This includes all quantum mechanical systems as well as classical field theories and classical...

Although there are still significant inequalities, women’s labor force participation has increased in many parts of the world. These disparities are linked to socio-economic, territorial, and institutional conditions, such as access to land, qu...

As gender-based violence, obstetric violence is a complex phenomenon that represents a matter for debate worldwide. The main objective of this exploratory study is to understand the experiences of obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and...

Around 2–8% of children and adolescents in developed societies are young carers, who provide care for ill, disabled, or addicted family members. This paper investigates the vulnerability and multidimensional injustices faced by young carers, dr...

Despite numerous studies suggesting a path-dependent relationship between transport–land use policies and urban structures, particularly on the emergence of car-oriented development, this connection has rarely been explained with spatial eviden...

In China’s rapidly urbanizing coastal areas, inclusive green development (IGD) has become an important way to achieve a reduction in economic development disparities, environmental sustainability, and social equity. This study investigates the...

The impact of racial healthcare disparities has been well documented. Adverse social determinants of health, such as poverty, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthcare, are intricately linked to these disparities and negative health outcom...

We explore two complementary mechanisms that are designed to work together to reduce spatial inequality—redrawing municipal borders and the redistribution of tax resources. This study’s methodology is based on the empirical analysis of 37...

For the mostly young refugees who arrived in Germany around 2015/2016, completing vocational education and training (VET) represents the most promising opportunity for professional and social integration. However, access opportunities to VET are char...

Systemic racism leads to racial/ethnic residential segregation, which can result in health inequities. We examined if the associations between residential segregation and later-life cognition and dementia differed based on segregation measure and by...

This paper clarifies the hierarchical structure of the sharp constants for the discrete Sobolev inequality on a weighted complete graph. To this end, we introduce a generalized-graph Laplacian $$...

Background: Law 1787 of 2016 established Colombia’s medical cannabis framework, intended as a public policy to improve health equity by guaranteeing access and promoting inclusive development. This scoping review analyzes this policy’s im...

Structural racism is increasingly recognized as a key driver of health inequities and other adverse outcomes. This paper focuses on structural racism as an “upstream” institutionalized process, how it creates health inequities and how str...

In the United States, although the gaps in health insurance coverage by sexual orientation have been closing since the implementation of the Affordable Care Act and legalization of same-sex marriage, the LGB group (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual) conti...