The therapeutic potential of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a primary cannabinoid in the cannabis plant, has led to its development into oral medical products for treating various conditions. However, THC, being a psychoactive substance, can lead...
Despite the safety and convenience of oral administration, poorly water-soluble drugs compromise absorption and bioavailability. These drugs can exhibit low dissolution rates, variability between fed and fasted states, difficulty permeating the mucus...
This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in goats following intravenous (IV, 0.5 mg/kg) and oral (PO, 1.0 mg/kg) administration. A crossover design was used with 12 clinically healthy Saanen goats (six...
Interferon alpha (IFNα) is a protein drug used to treat viral infections and cancer diseases. Due to its poor stability in the gastrointestinal tract, only parenteral administration ensures bioavailability, which is associated with severe side...
This study aimed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) orally provided a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). To achieve this, fish were sampled at various intervals using a sparse sampl...
Background: Increased knowledge of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of orally administered levothyroxine (L-T4) has improved individualization of dosing regimens. However, up to 40–45% of patients, depending on the leading cause of hypothyro...
The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline after oral administration in rainbow trout reared at 10 and 17 °C. Fish received a 20 mg/kg oral dose of doxycycline after a singl...
Sildenafil citrate, an oral drug used to treat erectile dysfunction, has low water solubility and oral bioavailability. The solubility is greatly influenced by the pH, changing from 37.25 mg/mL to 0.22 mg/mL with a change in pH from 1.2 to 8.0. This...
Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), coumaric acid (COA) isomers, ferulic acid (FA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural phenolic acids with widespread distribution in vegetal foods and well-documented pharm...
Most marketed drugs are administered orally, despite the complex process of oral absorption that is difficult to predict. Oral bioavailability is dependent on the interplay between many processes that are dependent on both compound and physiological...
Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a long-term complication of oesophageal atresia (EA), an uncommon condition that affects approximately 1 in 3500 infants. An exploratory, open-label phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in paediatric eosinophilic oesophag...
Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a free radical scavenger approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neuromuscular disease. Edaravone is administered as an intravenous infusion over 60 min for several treat...
The bioavailability of an orally administered small molecule is often dictated by drug-specific physicochemical characteristics and is influenced by many biological processes. For example, in fed or fasted conditions, the transit time within the gast...
Fulvestrant-3-boronic acid (ZB716), an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) under clinical development, has been investigated in ADME studies to characterize its absorption, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics. ZB716 was found to have high p...
Despite the various therapeutic benefits and high tolerance of orally administered silybin, poor water-solubility can be the main restrictive physicochemical feature, which results in low oral bioavailability in the absorption. A milk thistle nanocry...
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used for organ rejection prophylaxis via oral administration in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that MPA also has anticancer activities. To explore new therapeutic options for oral precancerous/cancerous lesi...
Roscovitine (Seliciclib), a new protein kinase inhibitor, was administered orally to adult patients with cystic fibrosis for the first time in the ROSCO-CF trial, a dose-escalation, phase IIa, randomized, controlled trial. Extensive pharmacokinetic s...
Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic with low toxicity. It has been used in human medicine and is a promising candidate for treating infections in veterinary medicine. Different Fosfomycin salts exhibit various degrees of bioavaila...
We describe the development and validation of a HPLC-MS/MS method to assess the pharmacokinetics and tumor distribution of fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid chemically related to all-trans-retinoic acid, after administration of a novel oral nanoformu...
This study examined the effects of esomeprazole on aceclofenac pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal complications in rats. Aceclofenac alone, or in combination with esomeprazole, was orally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma concentrat...
Tylvalosin is a macrolide antimicrobial with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative organisms, and mycoplasma. It is used to treat respiratory and enteric bacterial infections in swine and poultry. In this study, we...
Diazepam is one of the most prescribed anxiolytic and anticonvulsant that is administered through intravenous (IV), oral, intramuscular, intranasal, and rectal routes. To facilitate the clinical use of diazepam, there is a need to develop formulation...
Oxypeucedanin, a furanocoumarin extracted from many traditional Chinese herbal medicines, has a variety of pharmacological effects. However, the independent pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability of this compound remains elusive. In this...
The pharmacokinetics of salicylic acid (SA) in sheep was evaluated following intravenous (IV) and oral administration of sodium salicylate (sodium salt of salicylic acid) at different doses. Six healthy sheep were administered sodium salicylate (SS)...
Xiaoyao Powder (XYP), a common Chinese medicine, comprises eight traditional Chinese herbs and has been widely used clinically to treat liver damage and mental disorders. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry metho...
Omeprazole is commonly prescribed to obese patients and patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The pharmacokinetics of oral omeprazole after LSG are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic...
Poor and variable oral bioavailability of furosemide (FUR) presents critical challenges in pharmacotherapy. We investigated the interplay of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp)-mediated transport, sex, and fed state on FUR pharmacokinetics (PK) i...
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in Gushi chickens after a single oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) dose at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW). Thirty-two Gushi chickens, aged 20 weeks, were selected and divided into two groups a...
Background: Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is a phytocannabinoid commonly found in cannabis with potential pharmacological properties; however, its post-acute pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans have not been studied yet. THCV has two isomers, Δ9- a...
Ivermectin (IVM) is an anthelmintic compound commonly used off-label in mules due to its broad-spectrum of activity. Despite the general use of IVM in mules with the same dose and route of administration licensed for horses, significant pharmacokinet...
Trametinib is a targeted therapy used for the treatment of solid tumours, with significant variability reported in real-life studies. This variability increases the risk of suboptimal exposure, which can lead to treatment failure or increased toxicit...
Guinea pigs used in research may experience inappetence or decreased intestinal motility, which can significantly compromise their welfare. This study evaluates the use of mirtazapine on appetite and intestinal motility in guinea pigs. An initial pha...
Hypaconitine (HC) is one of the main aconitum alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaelii (AC), which is considered to be effective on cardiovascular disease, although it also has high toxicity. Sini Decoction (SND), composed of Aconitum carmichaelii, Glycyrr...
Sesterterpene MHO7 derived from mangrove fungus is a novel estrogen receptor degrader for the treatment of breast cancer. To explore its safety and pharmacokinetics in vivo, Log P/D values, stability in simulated gastric/intestinal (SGF/SIF), toxicit...
The present study characterizes the oral pharmacokinetics of D-Pinitol, a natural insulin mimetic inositol, in human healthy volunteers (14 males and 11 females). D-Pinitol absorption was studied in (a) subjects receiving a single oral dose of 15 mg/...
Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that are increasingly used worldwide. Taking into account their widespread use for the prevention of thromboembolism in cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, and cor...
Various products containing sinomenine monomer and extracts of Sinomenium acutum have been widely applied in clinical treatments. The goal of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of sinomenine in rats after oral administration of si...
Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San (CSGS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula containing seven herbal medicines, has been used in the clinical treatment of gastritis, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome and depression in China. In order to explore the i...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of ephedrine, paeoniflorin, and cinnamic acid after single or multiple doses of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) were administered to rats, and to present an example of the pharmaco...
Ginkgolide B (GB), an important active constituent of Ginkgo biloba extract, has been used in clinical applications for the treatment of dementia, cerebral insufficiency or related cognitive decline. To investigate the main pharmacokinetic characteri...
Data supporting the physiological effects of cannabidiol (CBD) ingestion in humans are conflicting. Differences between CBD preparations and bioavailability may contribute to these discrepancies. Further, an influence of body composition on CBD bioav...
The pharmacokinetic of enrofloxacin was investigated in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following oral administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses at 11 ± 1.5 °C. Furthermore, MICs of enrofloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria were determine...
Background/Objectives: Using a combination of analgesics allows for the use of lower doses of each, therefore, lowering risk of side effects. The study aims to estimate the bioavailability (pharmacokinetics of enantiomers and metabolites, as well as...
Cenerimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor modulator, is in development for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease mainly affecting women of childbearing potential. The effect of cenerimod on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a comb...
Background: Since most of the modern human population has no anti-smallpox immunity, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective drugs for the treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. The objective of this study is t...
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller or Lavandula officinalis Chaix) is an ethnopharmacological plant commonly known as English lavender. Linalool and linalyl acetate are putative phytoactives in lavender essential oil (LEO) derived from the flowe...
Background/Objectives: Spatholobi Caulis (SPC) is a medicinal plant that mainly grows in China and Southeast Asian countries and commonly used in clinics; the pharmacokinetic characteristics in humans need to be determined. This study was to establis...
A high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated in order to study the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in shrimp hepatopancreases and plasma, as well as its withdrawal time related to a maximum residue...
The role of ginseng berry extract (GBE) has been attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic effect in humans. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of GBE constitutes after oral GBE administration have not been established yet. In this study, stereo...
Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile....
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