100 Results Found

Preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are more susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. To evaluate routine vaccination timeliness in these high-risk groups, a full birth cohort of infants (n = 41,502) born in 2017 and 2018 in Tusca...

The aim of this study was to report on breastfeeding duration up to 24 months and determine the predictors of breastfeeding duration among women in South Western Sydney, one of the most culturally diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged regions o...

This study was undertaken in Gaza, Palestine, in a cohort of babies born in 2011. Hair samples of newborns were analyzed for metal load by DRC-ICP-MS. We report specific level of contamination by teratogen/toxicants metals of newborn babies, environm...

A prospective cohort study was conducted in Shiraz in the south west of Iran to investigate breastfeeding from birth to six months of age. Mothers were recruited in a face-to-face interview within 48 h of giving birth in three public and two private...

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and its deficiency in utero may affect fetus development and birth outcomes. The current study aimed to assess serum Se status at delivery and examine the possible association between Se levels and birth ou...

Background/Objective: Accurately identifying women at high risk for preterm birth among those with threatened preterm labor (PTL) is crucial for effective interventions or tocolytic management to reduce preterm birth and its complications. This study...

In Italy, few multicentre population-based studies on pregnancy outcomes are available. Therefore, we established a network of population-based birth cohorts in the cities of Turin, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, and Rome (northern and central Italy...

Later-borns tend to be shorter than first-borns in childhood and adulthood. However, large-scale prospective studies examining growth during infancy according to birth order are limited. We aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order an...

Objective: Developmental delay in neurocognitive function has been reported in premature children. This cohort study prospectively followed preterm infants following birth, and herein we present the four-year longitudinal follow-up data of cognitive...

Chromosomal mosaicism is at high occurrence in early developmental-stage embryos, but much lower in those at prenatal stage. Recent studies provided evidence on the viability of mosaic embryos by reporting pregnancy outcomes. Expanded research is war...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, particularly severe during infancy. Maternal RSV-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), transferred via the placenta, may provide pr...

The present prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary dentition among preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) children, incidence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the same cohorts, and...

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recognized cause of cervical cancer and is associated with several other malignancies, including those affecting the vagina, vulva, anus, penis, and head and neck. The introduction of the HPV vac...

Background: The timing of primary teeth eruption is a visible indicator of infant physical growth other than body weight or height. It also reflects neurological integrity and development as well as nutrition, socioeconomic state, or underlying disea...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus with a known teratogenic effect, yet the full spectrum has not been delineated. Studies on endemic areas tried to characterize the clinical outcomes of ZIKV intrauterine exposure. We aimed to describe ea...

Very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants may be predisposed to undernutrition during the nutritional transition phase from parenteral to enteral nutrition. We studied the associations among the length of the transition phase, postnatal macronu...

Project Vigilancia de Embarazadas con Zika (VEZ), an intensified surveillance of pregnant women with symptoms of the Zika virus disease (ZVD) in Colombia, aimed to evaluate the relationship between symptoms of ZVD during pregnancy and adverse pregnan...

Evidences demonstrated that timing of weaning influences long-term growth in full term infants. However, studies on preterm infants are still lacking, and the international guidelines are focused only on healthy full-term newborn, without consensus f...

Background: Conceptualizing gestation as a developmental continuum highlights that even among term infants, distinct subgroups—such as early-term and full-term infants—may exhibit meaningful differences in morbidity and clinical outcomes....

Neighborhood and individual level risks commonly co-occur for pregnant women and may cumulatively contribute to birth outcomes. Moreover, the relationship between favorable social and environmental neighborhood conditions and perinatal outcomes has b...

How gut immunity in early life is shaped by birth in relation to delivery mode, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) and labor remains undetermined. We aimed to address this gap with a study of secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the infant gut...

Background: Benefits of antenatal corticosteroids have been established for preterm infants who have received the full course. In imminent preterm labours there is no time to administer the second dose 24 h later. Objective: To determine whether the...

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is released from mature enterocytes when cell membrane integrity is disrupted. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the physiologic significance of early urinary I-FABP and whether it might refl...

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in predicting small (SGA)- or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight and examine whether the accuracy is associa...

The widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent group B streptococcus (GBS) early-onset sepsis (EOS) is changing the epidemiology of EOS. Italian prospective area-based surveillance data (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2...

Purpose: To determine whether prematurity and associated factors affect the anterior chamber angle (ACA) width in adulthood. Methods: The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) is a retrospective cohort study with a prospective ophthalmologic examina...

Background: Children born with a very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g) and/or very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks) are at increased risk of mental health problems, but adult data are inconsistent. Objectives: We examined the prevalence of a range of me...

Background: Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is a vital regulator of optimal vitamin D homeostasis and bioavailability. Apart from its well-documented role as a key component in vitamin D dynamic transfer and circulation, it has a myriad of immunoreg...

The ALPHABET consortium aims to examine the interplays between maternal diet quality, epigenetics and offspring health in seven pregnancy/birth cohorts from five European countries. We aimed to use the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) s...

This study aimed to examine the reproducibility and validity of a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in a birth cohort study to estimate the usual consumption frequencies of foods during pregnancy. The reference measure was the average of th...

Background/Objectives: Prematurity is a significant global health concern, often associated with neurodevelopmental challenges. Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 (SLC6A4), the gene encoding the serotonin transporter, a key component in serotonin reupt...

This birth cohort study compared the infant growth curve estimates in São Tomé Island to the WHO growth standards. Despite this island belonging to a lower-middle-income country, there were several factors favorable for growth that were...

Mother–infant co-sleeping or bed sharing is discouraged by health organisations due to evidence that it is associated with unexplained sudden infant death. On the other hand, there is evidence that it should theoretically be beneficial for infa...

Many very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants experience growth faltering in early life despite adequate nutrition. Early growth patterns can affect later neurodevelopmental and anthropometric potentials. The role of the dysbiotic gut microbiome in VLBW...

Full dilatation caesarean sections (CS) have increased risk of uterine extensions, which leads to cervical trauma that has been associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in a subsequent pregnancy. The aim of this study was...

Background: Embryo selection in in vitro fertilization (IVF) aims to prioritize embryos with the highest reproductive potential. While preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) remains the gold standard for identifying euploid embryos, i...

This prospective cohort study investigated the longitudinal compositional changes of the gut microbiome across different gestational age groups, from birth to six months’ corrected age for prematurity. Fecal samples (n = 709) from 349 neonates...

Several factors have been associated with delayed eruption of primary teeth. Thus, the objective of the study was to test a path model of the direct and indirect birth-related risk factors influencing the age of first primary tooth eruption in infant...

Background/Aims: This study investigated whether there are changes in corneal surface regularity and corneal thickness in adults born small, appropriate, or large for gestational age at term. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved prospect...

Fetal and neonatal exposures to perinatal oxidative stress (OS) are key mediators of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To characterize these exposures, adductomics is an exposure science approach that captures electrophilic addition products (adducts...

Migrant women have a higher risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) than do native women. This study aimed to investigate the role of host-country language proficiency in this disparity. We analysed the data of 1475 migrant and 1415...

Preterm infants are at high risk of developmental disability/delay and are more dependent on their caregiving environment for regulation due to their neurological immaturity. A premature birth is also a major stressor to the family system that consti...

Rapid weight gain in infancy increases the risk of developing obesity early in life and contributes significantly to racial and ethnic disparities in childhood obesity. While maternal perceived stress is associated with childhood obesity, little is k...

The purposes of this paper are to report the prevalence of breastfeeding to six months among women in Kuwait and to determine the factors that are associated with the duration of breastfeeding. A cohort of 373 women recruited from maternity wards in...

Aim: To assess the inter-rater agreement and accuracy of human experts’ estimate of EEG maturational age (EMA) and a computer algorithm’s estimate of EMA over the first days after birth in a cohort of normally developing preterm infants....

One strategy for improving detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is developing biosensors identifying placental dysfunction as a leading pathogenesis for FGR. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the performance of a biosensor specifi...

Early life gut microbiota-influencing factors may play an important role in programming individuals long-term health and substantial efforts have been devoted into studying the development of the gut microbiota in relation to early life events. This...

The aim of this research is to examine how developmental progress and socio-emotional difficulties in early childhood are influenced by family complexity, and how socioeconomic status (SES) and interparental conflict influence these effects. To measu...

Background/Objectives: Full immunization coverage in Pakistan remains suboptimal at 66%. An in-depth assessment is needed to understand the long-term trends in immunization and identify the extent of defaulters and associated risk factors of them bei...

Preterm birth increases risk of cardiovascular disease and early death. A body of evidence suggests left ventricle (LV) echocardiographic alterations in children and adults born preterm. We aimed to determine if neonatal characteristics were associat...