This study aims to observe the evolution of the electrode–skin interface impedance of surface EMG electrodes over the time taken to determine the time of stabilization. Eight healthy subjects participated in the study. Electrode–skin impedance was ev...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic neurological disorder with the severity directly linked to the diagnosis age. The severity can be reduced if diagnosis and intervention are early (age < 2 years). This work presents a novel ear-worn wear...
Dry electrodes offer an accessible continuous acquisition of biopotential signals as part of current in-home monitoring systems but often face challenges of high-contact impedance that results in poor signal quality. The performance of dry electrodes...
A low and stable impedance at the skin–electrode interface is key to high-fidelity acquisition of biosignals, both acutely and in the long term. However, recording quality is highly variable due to the complex nature of human skin. Here, we present a...
This paper presents a novel, low-cost, portable impedance analyzer system designed for biopotential electrode evaluation and skin/electrode impedance measurement, critical for enhancing bioelectrical signal quality in healthcare applications. In cont...
Surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors are widely used in the fields of ergonomics, sports science, and medical research. However, current sEMG sensors cannot recognize the various exercise intensities efficiently because of the strain interference,...
This work compares two design methodologies, emulating both AgCl electrode and skin tissue Cole models for testing and verification of electrical bio-impedance circuits and systems. The models are based on fractional-order elements, are implemented w...
In a new era for digital health, dry electrodes for biopotential measurement enable the monitoring of essential vital functions outside of specialized healthcare centers. In this paper, a new type of nanostructured titanium-based thin film is propose...
Biological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) that can be measured at home can reveal vital information about the patient’s health. In today modern technology, the measured ECG or EMG signals at home can be monitored b...
This study intends to explore the influence of a fabric electrode skin interface filling medium on ECG signals under dynamic and static conditions, so as to be able to better monitor both stable and dynamic ECG signals. In this paper, cotton fabric e...
Textile-based electrodes offer several advantages such as washability, flexibility, and reusability. However, there are challenges when it comes to long-term, real-time continuous monitoring, particularly during self-administration situations which i...
Substrate-free electrodes are promising dry electrodes for long-term physiological electrical signal monitoring due to their ultra-thinness, conformal contact, and stable skin–electrode impedance. However, the response of substrate-free electro...
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation and an equivalent circuit modeling of the skin–electrode impedance characteristics of three types of ultra-thin tattoo electrodes, all based on Parylene C nanofilms but with different active materi...
The electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode, as a sensor, is an important part of the wearable ECG monitoring device. Natural leather is rarely used as the electrode substrate. In this paper, wearable flexible silver electrodes based on cowhide were prepar...
A main barrier to widespread use of electrocardiography garments for long term heart monitoring of elderly and patients is a poor skin-electrode signal transfer because of a high contact impedance and sensitivity to movement. This leads to unwanted d...
Bioelectrical or electrophysiological signals generated by living cells or tissues during daily physiological activities are closely related to the state of the body and organ functions, and therefore are widely used in clinical diagnosis, health mon...
An electrocardiograph records the periodic voltage generated by the heart over time. There is growing demand to continuously monitor the ECG for proactive health care and human performance optimization. To meet this demand, new conductive textile ele...
Wearable sensors have great potential uses in personal health monitoring systems, in which textile-based electrodes are particularly useful because they are comfortable to wear and are skin and environmentally friendly. In this paper, a hybrid textil...
Background: Bioelectrical impedance measurement is a technique used in engineering (development of different wearable biosensors with diverse applications), in the medical field (health monitoring and diagnosis), and in biomedical research (fundament...
In the present study, novel dry-contact sensors for measuring electro-encephalography (EEG) signals without any skin preparation are designed, fabricated by an injection molding manufacturing process and experimentally validated. Conventional wet ele...
Background: Pelotherapy is the traditional procedure of applying curative muds on the skin’s surface—shown to have a positive effect on the human body and cure illnesses. The effect of pelotherapy is complex, functioning through several m...
From electronic devices to large-area electronics, from individual cells to skin substitutes, printing techniques are providing compelling applications in wide-ranging fields. Research has thus fueled the vision of a hybrid, printing platform to fabr...
EEG, which can provide brain alteration information via recording the electrical activity of neurons in the cerebral cortex, has been widely used in neurophysiology. However, conventional wet electrodes in EEG monitoring typically suffer from inheren...
Electroencephalography (EEG) remains pivotal in neuroscience for its non-invasive exploration of brain activity, yet traditional electrodes are plagued with artifacts and the application of conductive paste poses practical challenges. Tripolar concen...
A novel micro-needle array electrode (MAE) fabricated by thermal drawing and coated with Ti/Au film was proposed for bio-signals monitoring. A simple and effective setup was employed to form glassy-state poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) into a m...
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique which has the potential to reduce time to treatment in acute stroke by rapidly differentiating between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The potential of these methods has been dem...
With the rapidly aging society and increased concern for personal cardiovascular health, novel, flexible electrodes suitable for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal monitoring are in demand. Based on the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of g...
Laser-direct writing (LDW) and magneto-rheological drawing lithography (MRDL) have been proposed for the fabrication of a flexible microneedle array electrode (MAE) for wearable bio-signal monitoring. Conductive patterns were directly written onto th...
Despite the progress in the development of innovative EEG acquisition systems, their use in dynamic applications is still limited by motion artifacts compromising the interpretation of the collected signals. Therefore, extensive research on the genes...
Micro-needle electrodes (MEs) have attracted more and more attention for monitoring physiological electrical signals, including electrode-skin interface impedance (EII), electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording. A magnetization-...
The advancement of flexible electrodes triggered research on wearables and health monitoring applications. Metal-based bioelectrodes encounter low mechanical strength and skin discomfort at the electrode–skin interface. Thus, recent research ha...
When e-textile EMG electrodes are integrated into clothing, the fit of the clothing on the body, and therefore its pattern and cut become important factors affecting the EMG signal quality in relation to the seamless contact between the skin and the...
Dry electrodes for electroencephalography (EEG) allow new fields of application, including telemedicine, mobile EEG, emergency EEG, and long-term repetitive measurements for research, neurofeedback, or brain–computer interfaces. Different dry e...
Evaluations of new dry, high-density EEG caps have only been performed so far with serial measurements and not with simultaneous (parallel) measurements. For a first comparison of gel-based and dry electrode performance in simultaneous high-density E...
Electrodes of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) are dominant in clinical settings for surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings. These electrodes need a conductive electrolyte gel to ensure proper performance, which dries during long-term measurement...
Recent advancements in smart textiles have facilitated their extensive application in wearable health monitoring, particularly in brain activity measurement. This study introduces a flexible and washable fabric dry electroencephalography (EEG) electr...
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a promising technique for eliciting referred tactile sensations in patients with limb amputation. Although several studies show the validity of this technique, its application in daily life and aw...
Most biometric authentication technologies commercialized in various fields mainly rely on acquired images of structural information, such as fingerprints, irises, and faces. However, bio-recognition techniques using these existing physical features...
This present work is aimed at conducting fundamental and exploratory studies of the mechanisms of electrical impedance signal formation. This paper also considers morphofunctional changes in forearm tissues during the performance of basic hand action...
This study evaluates the morphological performance of the CardioBAN wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device by comparing its beat-level waveform accuracy against a clinically certified reference system (GE Vivid E9). A cycle-by-cycle Dynamic Time War...
In this paper, we present a soft and moisturizing film electrode based on bacterial cellulose and Ag/AgCl conductive cloth as a potential replacement for gel electrode patches in electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. The electrode materials are entir...
Dry electroencephalogram (EEG) systems have a short set-up time and require limited skin preparation. However, they tend to require strong electrode-to-skin contact. In this study, dry EEG electrodes with low contact impedance (<150 kΩ) were...
The heart is a fundamental organ of the human circulatory system and the continuous measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is of great importance for pre-detection of heart diseases. Dry electrodes that do not require electrolyte gel have bee...
The unique parameters of graphene (GN)—notably its considerable electron mobility, high surface area, and electrical conductivity—are bringing extensive attention into the wearable technologies. This work presents a novel graphene-based electrode for...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to revitalise the muscles of people suffering from various kinds of injury. However, when human skin is incorporated into electrical circuits, it must not be treated as a passive component. Skin&r...
Electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes require low impedance, high biocompatibility, and long-term performance. Conventional Ag/AgCl wet electrodes achieve low impedance but suffer from dehydration and skin irritation, whereas dry electrodes often i...
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly measured biosignals. In particular, textile electrodes allow for the measuring of long-term ECG without skin irritation or other discomforts for the patient. Such textile electrodes, however, us...
Conventional gel electrodes are widely used for biopotential measurements, despite important drawbacks such as skin irritation, long set-up time and uncomfortable removal. Recently introduced dry electrodes with rigid metal pins overcome most of thes...
In clinical practice, it is recommended to employ reusable electrodes for the registration of brain waves. Before registering EEG signals, the EEG technician checks the condition of all the electrodes, i.e., the occurrence of mechanical damage and th...
The electrical impedance myography method is widely used in solving bionic control problems and consists of assessing the change in the electrical impedance magnitude during muscle contraction in real time. However, the choice of electrode systems si...
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