The backscattering coefficient
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a sensor that is proven to have great potential in observing atmospheric and oceanic phenomena at high-spatial resolutions (∼10 m). The statistics of SAR backscattering that describe the image characteristics are...
Modulation model of radar backscatters is an important topic in the remote sensing of oceanic internal wave by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Previous studies related with the modulation models were analyzed mainly based on the hypothesis that ocean...
Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) is considered as a promising future emerging technology. Several works on AmBC have been proposed thanks to its convenience and low cost property. This paper focuses on finding the optimal energy detector at t...
Coastal zones are very dynamic natural systems that experience short-term and long-term morphological changes. Their highly dynamic behavior requires frequent monitoring. Tidal flat topography for a large spatial coverage has been generated mainly by...
Hepatic steatosis is a key manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early detection of hepatic steatosis is of critical importance. Currently, liver biopsy is the clinical golden standard for hepatic steatosis assessment. However,...
In this paper, we present the kernel density estimation (KDE)-based parallelized ultrasound entropy imaging and apply it for hepatic steatosis characterization. A KDE technique was used to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of ultrasound...
In the last decade, many SAR missions have been launched to reinforce the all-weather observation capacity of the Earth. The precise modeling of radar signals becomes crucial in order to translate them into essential biophysical parameters for the ma...
Recent trends on microbiology point out the urge to develop optical micro-tools with multifunctionalities such as simultaneous manipulation and sensing. Considering that miniaturization has been recognized as one of the most important paradigms of em...
The radar on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission observes precipitation at 13.6 GHz (Ku-band) and 35.6 GHz (Ka-band) and also receives echoes from the earth’s surface. Statistics of surface measurements for non-raining conditions are s...
Light wave reflection intensity from optical disordered media is associated with its phase, and the phase statistics influence the reflection statistics. A detailed numerical study is reported for the statistics of the reflection coefficient
The temporal dynamics and statistical characteristics of Raman random fiber lasers are of great significance for studying their physical properties and applications. In this paper, the effect of pump dynamics on the temporal intensity statistical pro...
Optical fiber tweezers have been gaining prominence in several applications in Biology and Medicine. Due to their outstanding focusing abilities, they are able to trap and manipulate microparticles, including cells, needing any physical contact and w...
The development of multibeam echosounders (MBES) as a seabed mapping tool has resulted in the widespread uptake of backscatter intensity as an indicator of seabed substrate properties. Though increasingly common, the lack of standard calibration and...
The Kirchhoff-Ray-Mode (KRM) model has been used in fishery acoustics for more than two decades to predict backscatter by individuals or aggregations of swimbladdered fish. Backscatter contributions from a fluid-like fish body and gas-filled swimblad...
Ultrasound imaging is a first-line assessment tool for hepatic steatosis. Properties of tissue microstructures correlate with the statistical distribution of ultrasound backscattered signals, which can be described by the Nakagami distribution (a wid...
Detection, classification, and localization (DCL) techniques are being developed around the use of a phase-measuring sidescan sonar (PMSS) in very shallow waters. The instrument simultaneously collects co-located sidescan imagery and bathymetry in ex...
Realistic representation of microwave backscattering from vegetated surfaces is important for developing accurate soil moisture retrieval algorithms that use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Many studies have reported considerable discrepancie...
In order to improve the current standard of analysis-ready Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter data, we introduce a machine learning-based approach to estimate the slope of the backscatter–incidence angle relationship from several backsc...
The multi-aspect SAR observation can obtain the backscattering information of the illuminated scene target. There are targets with different structures in the scene, and their backscattering responses are also different. Using backscattering amplitud...
Acoustic methods are routinely used to provide broad scale information on the geographical distribution of benthic marine habitats and sedimentary environments. Although single-frequency multibeam echosounder surveys have dominated seabed characteris...
The present paper focuses on a sensitivity analysis of Sentinel-1 backscattering signatures from oil palm canopies cultivated in Gabon, Africa. We employed one Sentinel-1 image per year during the 2015–2021 period creating two separated time series f...
An understanding of the distribution and extent of marine habitats is essential for the implementation of ecosystem-based management strategies. Historically this had been difficult in marine environments until the advancement of acoustic sensors. Th...
The objective of this study is to model backscattering coefficients over bare soils at intra-plot spatial scales (from almost 80 to 2800 m2), in a context where the plot is the reference spatial scale in most past studies. A statistical modeling appr...
This paper proposes a statistical model to evaluate the impact of the signal backscattered by low Earth orbiting (LEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and received by GEO-stationary orbiting SAR. The model properly accounts for the bistatic backscatte...
We investigated the possibilities of improving hydrological simulations by assimilating radar backscatter observations from the advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) in the hydrological model SCHEME using a calibrated water cloud model (WCM) as an observati...
Physical understanding and modeling of Ka-band ocean surface backscatter is challenging due to a lack of measurements. In the framework of the NASA Earth Ventures Suborbital-3 Submesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) mission, a Ka-Band Ocean c...
This study tested the ability of Sentinel-1 C-band to separate forest from other common land use classes (i.e., urban, low vegetation and water) at two different sites. The first site is characterized by temperate forests and rough terrain while the...
A method is presented for estimating subaqueous integrated backscatter using near-nadir viewing satellite lidar. The algorithm takes into account specular reflection of laser light, laser scattering by wind-generated foam as well as sun glint and sol...
Hepatic steatosis causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recommended to allow patients who have difficulty engaging in exercise to improve the grade of hepatic steatosis. This study proposed using ultrasound para...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of advanced liver diseases. Fat accumulation in the liver changes the hepatic microstructure and the corresponding statistics of ultrasound backscattered signals. Acoustic structure quanti...
Numerous analytical radar-scattering laws have been published through the past decades to interpret planetary radar observations, such as Hagfors’ law, which has been commonly used for the Moon, and the cosine law, which is commonly used in the...
This study analyses the potential of a change detection method—the near-real-time cumulative sum change point detection method (CuSum-NRT)—applied to Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to monitor crops and identify fiel...
Information entropy of ultrasound imaging recently receives much attention in the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is the most common muscular disorder; patients lose their ambulation in the later stages of the disease. Ultrasound...
In this paper, object-based image analysis classification methods are developed that do not rely on backscatter in order to classify the seafloor. Instead, these methods make use of bathymetry, bathymetric derivatives, and grab samples for classifica...
This study deals with a local incidence angle correction method, i.e., the land cover-specific local incidence angle correction (LC-SLIAC), based on the linear relationship between the backscatter values and the local incidence angle (LIA) for a give...
The European Space Agency’s (ESA) “SAR for REDD” project aims to support complementing optical remote sensing capacities in Africa with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation...
Land cover and forest mapping supports decision makers in the course of making informed decisions for implementation of sustainable conservation and management plans of the forest resources and environmental monitoring. This research examines the val...
The fractal branching vasculature within soft tissues and the mathematical properties of the branching system influence a wide range of important phenomena from blood velocity to ultrasound backscatter. Among the mathematical descriptors of branching...
We propose a probabilistic graphical model for discriminative substrate characterization, to support geological and biological habitat mapping in aquatic environments. The model, called a fully-connected conditional random field (CRF), is demonstrate...
Taking the Jiefangzha irrigation area of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research area, the response relationships between the backscattering coefficient and radar frequency, radar incidence angle, root-mean-square height, correlation len...
The determination of orientation relationships in dual or multi-phase materials is very important in the field of interface engineering for the design of materials with tailored properties. In this work, a code is developed for the automated and stat...
The use of multibeam echosounder systems (MBES) for detailed seafloor mapping is increasing at a fast pace. Due to their design, enabling continuous high-density measurements and the coregistration of seafloor’s depth and reflectivity, MBES has becom...
Prescribed burning is a common strategy for minimizing forest fire risk. Fire is introduced under specific environmental conditions, with explicit duration, intensity, and rate of spread. Such conditions deviate from those encountered during the fire...
Bello’s stochastic linear time-varying system theory has been widely used in the wireless communications literature to characterize multipath fading channel statistics. In the context of radar backscatter, this formulation allows for statistical char...
The geoacoustic and physical properties of the bottom, as well as spatial distribution, are crucial factors in analyzing the underwater acoustic field structure and establishing a geoacoustic model. Acoustic inversion has been widely used as an econo...
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter measurements are sensitive to forest aboveground biomass (AGB), and the observations from space can be used for mapping AGB globally. However, the radar sensitivity saturates at higher AGB values depending o...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) provides the capability to detect surface deformation. Numerous processing approaches have been developed to improve InSAR results and overcome its limitations. Regardless of the processing methodology...
Entropy is a quantitative measure of signal uncertainty and has been widely applied to ultrasound tissue characterization. Ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis typically involves a backscattered statistical analysis of signals based on informat...
In this paper we shall discuss a novel approach to road surface recognition, based on the analysis of backscattered microwave and ultrasonic signals. The novelty of our method is sonar and polarimetric radar data fusion, extraction of features for se...
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