Autophagy is an important catabolic process to maintain cellular homeostasis and antagonize cellular stresses. The initiation and activation are two of the most important aspects of the autophagic process. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying...
FIP200, also known as RB1CC1, is a protein that assembles the autophagy initiation complex. Its post-translational modifications and degradation mechanisms are unclear. Upon autophagy activation, we find that FIP200 is methylated at lysine1133 (K1133...
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for degrading and recycling various cellular components, functioning in both normal development and stress conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins,...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common intestinal malignancy, and nearly 70% of patients with this cancer develop metastatic disease. In the present study, we synthesized a novel compound, termed N-(3-(5,7-dimethylbenzo [d]oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)-5-n...
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the causes of end-stage renal failure, featuring renal fibrosis. However, autophagy, a vital process for intracellular homeostasis, can counteract renal fibrosis. Moreover, NAD(P)H: quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) m...
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that enables the cell to survive when faced with starvation or stressful conditions. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, plays a critical role in main...
Although mTOR inhibitors have been approved as first-line therapy for treating metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the lack of useful markers reduces their therapeutic effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate if inos...
Introduction: The programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay is a widely used selection method for pembrolizumab treatment in gastric cancer (GC) patients. PD-L1 is the main regulator of immunity in oncogenesis. Mater...
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and autophagy are important cellular responses that determine cell fate and whose dysregulation is implicated in the perturbation of homeostasis and diseases. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein...
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by NFE2L2) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation...
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) induces autophagy via the 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in pig...
The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA and protein expression are associated with progression...
Both in situ and allograft models of cancer in juvenile and adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies offer a powerful means for unravelling cancer gene networks and cancer–host interactions. They can also be used as tools for cost-effective drug dis...
Targeting FLT3-ITD in AML using TKI against FLT3 cannot prevent relapse even in the presence of complete remission, suggesting the resistance and/or the persistence of leukemic-initiating cells in the hematopoietic niche. By mimicking the hematopoiet...
Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), belongs to the AGC family of protein kinases. It acts downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, metabolism,...
Autophagy is an intracellular protein-degradation process that is conserved across eukaryotes including yeast and humans. Under nutrient starvation conditions, intracellular proteins are transported to lysosomes and vacuoles via membranous structures...
Phytoestrogens can have a neuroprotective effect towards ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal damage. However, their mechanism of action has not been well described. In this work, we investigate the type of neuronal cell death induced by oxygen and...
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells and it is significantly involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. This study investigates whether the VEGF/AMPK pathway regulates autophag...
Autophagy, which literally means “eat yourself”, is more than just a lysosomal degradation pathway. It is a well-known regulator of cellular metabolism and a mechanism implicated in tumor initiation/progression and therapeutic resistance in many canc...
Autophagy is a ubiquitous degradation mechanism, which plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis. To test whether autophagy suppresses or supports the growth of tumors in the epidermis of the skin, we inactivated the essential autophagy gene Atg7...
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved stress survival pathway that has been shown to play an important role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of multiple cancers; however, little progress has been made to date in translation of basic re...
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), brought about by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted public health and the economy. A fundamental aspect of addressing this virus lies in el...
Autophagy transports cytoplasmic material and organelles to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Beclin 1 forms a complex with several other autophagy proteins and functions in the initiation phase of autophagy, but the exact role of Beclin 1 sub...
Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, yet current therapeutic strategies remain limited. Among the neuropathological events underlying this disease are multiple cell death signaling cascades, including autophagy. Recent interest has focused o...
Autophagy was initially recognized as a bulk degradation process that randomly sequesters and degrades cytoplasmic material in lysosomes (vacuoles in yeast). In recent years, various types of selective autophagy have been discovered. Glycophagy, the...
Autophagy is a process of cellular self-degradation and is a major pathway for elimination of cytoplasmic material by the lysosomes. Autophagy is responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates and therefore plays a signi...
Autophagy is a stress-induced process that eliminates damaged organelles and dysfunctional cargos in cytoplasm, including unfolded proteins. Autophagy is involved in constructing the immunosuppressive microenvironment during tumor initiation and prog...
Autophagy is a delicate intracellular degradation process that occurs due to diverse stressful conditions, including the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles as well as nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy is initiated by the c...
Autophagy as a primary homeostatic and catabolic process is responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and cellular components. The mechanism of autophagy has a crucial role in several cellular functions and its dysregulation is associ...
Autophagy, a conserved cellular mechanism, is manipulated by a number of viruses for different purposes. We previously demonstrated that an iron-chelator-like small compound, C7, reactivates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle by activating the ERK1...
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are delivered in a double-membrane vacuolar vesicle and finally degraded by lysosomes. The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is high, an...
Autophagy is a crucial mechanism for recycling intracellular materials, and under normal metabolic conditions, it is maintained at low levels in cells. However, when nutrients are deficient or under hypoxic conditions, the level of autophagy signific...
Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated intracellular degradation and recycling pathway, plays multiple context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. Encouraging results from various preclinical studies have led to the initiation of numer...
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy initiates the formation of autophago...
Periodontitis represents a complex inflammatory disease that compromises the integrity of the tooth-supporting tissue through the interaction of specific periodontal pathogens and the host’s immune system. Experimental data help to outline the...
Antiretroviral treatments have notably extended the lives of individuals with HIV and reduced the occurrence of comorbidities, including ocular manifestations. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HIV-1 pathogenesis raises question...
14-3-3 proteins are implicated in the regulation of proteins involved in a variety of signaling pathways. 14-3-3-dependent protein regulation occurs through phosphorylation-dependent binding that results, in many cases, in the release of survival sig...
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recyc...
Polyglutamine diseases are a group of congenital neurodegenerative diseases categorized with genomic abnormalities in the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in coding regions of specific disease-related genes. Protein aggregates are the toxic hallmark...
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancer types urgently requiring effective therapeutic strategies. Autophagy occurs in several compartments of pancreatic cancer tissue including cancer cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and immune cells w...
The cellular secretome is pivotal in mediating intercellular communication and coordinating responses to stressors. Exosomes, initially recognized for their role in waste disposal, have now emerged as key intercellular messengers with significant the...
Viruses must cross the plasma membrane to infect cells, making them eager to overcome this barrier in order to replicate in hosts. They bind to cell surface receptors as the first step of initiating entry. Viruses can use several surface molecules th...
Autophagy plays a complex impact role in tumor initiation and development. It serves as a double-edged sword by supporting cell survival in certain situations while also triggering autophagic cell death in specific cellular contexts. Understanding th...
Among autophagy-related molecules, p62/SQSTM1 is an adaptor for identifying and delivering intracellular cargo for degradation. Since ubiquitination is reversible, it has a switch role in autophagy. Ubiquitination is also involved in regulating autop...
Pancreatic cancer (PC) begins within the organ of the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes, and is one of the formidable cancers for which appropriate treatment strategies are urgently needed. Autophagy occurs in the many chambers of PC tissue,...
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that regulates cellular metabolism and homeostasis under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Autophagy and metabolism are linked in the hematopoietic system, playing a fundamental rol...
In recent years, a considerable correlation has emerged between autophagy and genome integrity. A range of mechanisms appear to be involved where autophagy participates in preventing genomic instability, as well as in DNA damage response and cell fat...
Autophagy can protect cancer cells from acute starvation and enhance resistance to chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that autophagy plays a critical role in the survival of dormant, drug resistant ovarian cancer cells using human xenograft models...
Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway with major impact on diverse human pathologies. Despite the development of different methodologies to detect autophagy both in vitro and in vivo, monitoring autophagy in tissue via immunoh...
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily-conserved serine/threonine kinase that senses and integrates signals from the environment to coordinate developmental and metabolic processes. TOR senses nutrients, hormones, metabolites, and stress...
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