Previous studies on prostate cancer modeling under hormonal therapy successfully fit clinical serum androgen data, under the assumption that the levels of intracellular and serum androgen are similar. However, such an assumption may not hold througho...
Intermittent androgen suppression (IAS) therapy for prostate cancer patients attempts to maintain the hormone dependence of the tumor cells by cycles alternating between androgen suppression (AS) and treatment cessation till a certain prostate-specif...
The role of autophagy is known to be highly complex and context-dependent, leading to both cancer suppression and progression in several tumors including melanoma, breast and prostate cancer. In the present review, recent advances in an understanding...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a cornerstone in the management of advanced prostate cancer for more than 50 years, but several aspects of the therapy remain controversial. Research since the mid-1980s has looked at the use of intermitten...
Hypoxia is a hallmark of aggressive prostate cancer, but how it disrupts lineage-specific transcriptional programs to drive progression remains unclear. Here, we identify the HIF1α-PHD1-FOXA1 axis as a critical mediator of hypoxic adaptation an...
Background/Objectives: Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling are critical for the progression of prostate cancer and have been the therapeutic focus of prostate cancer for over 50 years. While a variety of agents have been developed to targ...
Predicting the timing of a castrate resistant prostate cancer is critical to lowering medical costs and improving the quality of life of advanced prostate cancer patients. We formulate, compare and analyze two mathematical models that aim to forecast...
Prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain major health challenges in men. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a hexane insoluble fraction from a purple rice ethanolic extract (PRE-HIF) on prostate carcinogenesis and...
Background: Dose-escalated hypofractionated radiotherapy (hfrt) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt), with inclusion of the pelvic lymph nodes (plns), plus androgen suppression therapy (ast) in high-risk prostate cancer patients should impro...
Purpose: We examined the impact of hypofractionated radiation therapy and androgen suppression therapy (AST) on quality of life (QOL) in high-risk prostate cancer patients. Methods: Between March 2005 and March 2007, 60 patients with high-risk prosta...
The prostate gland contains a high level of intracellular zinc, which is dramatically diminished during prostate cancer (PCa) development. Owing to the unclear role of zinc in this process, therapeutic applications using zinc are limited. This study...
Prostate cancer is a serious public health concern in the United States. The primary obstacle to effective long-term management for prostate cancer patients is the eventual development of treatment resistance. Due to the uniquely chaotic nature of th...
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is fundamental to prostate cancer (PC) progression, and hence, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a mainstay of treatment. However, augmented AR signaling via both full length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively act...
Androgen receptor (AR) is a viable therapeutic target for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), because the continued progression of CRPC is mainly driven by the reactivation of AR transcriptional activity. The current FDA-approved AR a...
Background: The outgrowth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) dictates patient morbidity and mortality. Recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) following androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) often occurs due to constitutively active androgen rece...
The interferon antiviral pathways and prostate cancer genetics converge on a regulated endoribonuclease, RNase L. Positional cloning and linkage studies mapped Hereditary Prostate Cancer 1 (HPC1) to RNASEL. To date, there is no correlation of viral i...
Vitamin D plays a key role in immune modulation, cell proliferation, and hormone regulation. Dysregulated testosterone may contribute to breast cancer progression. We investigated whether long-term vitamin D supplementation affects serum testosterone...
The gut microbiome is a modifiable factor in cancer survivorship. Diet represents the most practical intervention for modulating the gut microbiome. However, diet–microbiome relationships in prostate-cancer survivors remain poorly characterized...
This study was conducted to investigate the autophagic response of Sertoli cells (SCs) to acute ethanol toxicity using in vivo and in vitro models. Adult Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with either 5 g/kg ethanol or phosphate-buffered sal...
Androgens are steroids that modulate various processes in the body, ranging from reproduction, metabolism, and even immune response. The main androgens are testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These steroids modu...
Prostate cancer (PC) represents the most common cancer disease in men. Since high levels of androgens increase the risk of PC, androgen deprivation therapy is the primary treatment; however this leads to castration-resistant PC (CRPC) with a poor pro...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, improving progression-free survival. ADT suppresses the production of testosterone and reduces circulating levels of the hormone. Luteinizing hormone-releasing...
Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) are of great importance to spermatogenesis and male fertility. AR knockout (ARKO) mice display a complete insensitivity to androgens and male infertility; however, the exact molecular mechanism for this effect...
Since Huggins defined the androgen-sensitive nature of prostate cancer (PCa), suppression of systemic testosterone (T) has remained the most effective initial therapy for advanced disease although progression inevitably occurs. From the inception of...
Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a significant driver of prostate cancer progression, therefore androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is often used as a standard form of treatment for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer patients. However...
In the majority of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), product of a gene that is almost exclusively regulated by the androgen receptor (AR), still acts as a serum marker reflecting disease burden, indicating...
Induced protein degradation has emerged as an innovative drug discovery approach, complementary to the classical method of suppressing protein function. The androgen receptor signaling pathway has been identified as the primary driving force in the d...
Finasteride is currently approved and largely used as a therapeutic option for androgenetic alopecia. Apparently a safe drug and effective at the onset of its application, several concerns have since appeared over the years regarding the frequency an...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is driven by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signalling. For this reason, androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) that suppress androgen-induced PCa progression either by preventing...
The key to preventing mCRPC progression is understanding how androgen-dependent PCa cells progress to independence and modify their transcriptional repertoire accordingly. We recently identified a novel axis of the Hippo pathway characterized by the...
Osteoblasts undergo differentiation in response to various factors, including growth factors and steroids. Bone mass is diminished in androgen- and/or growth hormone (GH)-deficient patients. However the functional relationship between androgen and GH...
Steroids with a nitrogen-containing heterocycle in the side chain are known as effective inhibitors of androgen signaling and/or testosterone biosynthesis, thus showing beneficial effects for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this work, a series o...
Since the Nobel Prize-winning work of Huggins, androgen ablation has been a mainstay for treatment of recurrent prostate cancer. While initially effective for most patients, prostate cancers inevitably develop the ability to survive, grow, and metast...
The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has changed dramatically following the advent of novel systemic therapies, most of which target the androgen receptor (AR). Agents such as abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide were designed t...
Pirfenidone (PFD) is an anti-fibrotic drug used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in fibroblasts. We hypothesize that PFD can induce G1 cell cycle arrest in different types of cells, including cancer cells. To in...
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common female pelvic cancers and has been considered an androgen-related malignancy. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cell proliferative effect of androgen on endometrial cancer cells; however, the mech...
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) arises from three cellular origins, namely surface epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. More than 85% of OVCAs are EOCs (epithelial ovarian carcinomas), which are the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Cancer st...
Leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L.) have been used in Thai folk medicine without any supporting evidence as a traditional herbal remedy for hair loss. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is chronic hair loss caused by effects of androgens in those with a ge...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) for PCOS; however, the regulatory mechanism remains un...
The porcine bulbourethral glands produce a gel-type secretion. Although the role of these contributions to reproductive success remains murky, the bulbourethral glands are major accessory sex glands in this species. Isometric growth in the early neon...
The androgen receptor (AR) and its related signaling pathways play an important role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis and development, but their specific mecha...
Prostate cancer cells need androgens to grow and maintain like normal prostate cells, both utilize that Androgen Receptor (AR) function. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed throughout the prostate cancer progression plays a critical role as a transcr...
Primary prostate cancer (PC) progresses to castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during androgen deprivation therapy (ADR) in early stages of prostate cancer. Thus, rather than blocking the androgen-related pathway further, docetaxel (DTX)-based therapy has...
Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily considered a hyperandrogenic disorder in women characterized by hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovarian morphology, an endocrinological investigation should be performed to rule...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 cell (Th2)-shifted abnormal immunity, skin barrier impairment, and pruritus. The prevalence of AD in childhood is slightly higher in boys than in girls; after p...
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that catalyze ADP-ribosylation and play critical roles in normal and disease settings. The PARP family member, PARP7, is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that has been suggested to play a tumor suppressive...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes male infertility through the suppression of spermatogenesis and testosterone biosynthesis. The impact of DM on male reproduction has mainly been investigated in adulthood, therefore we aimed to study the developmental ef...
It is known that aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in the prostate was strictly upregulated by androgen and may represent a novel therapeutic target for several cancers, but whether AQP9 plays a role in the regulation of androgen-independent prostate cancer still r...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but resistance often leads to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). CRPC remains androgen receptor (AR)-dependent, and AR overexpression causes vulnerability to...
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a predominant role in prostate cancer (PCa) pathology. It consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a hinge region (HR), and a ligand-binding domain (LBD) that binds androgens, including test...
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