Recent advancements in oncology have led to the development of histology-agnostic therapies, which target genetic alterations irrespective of the tumor’s tissue of origin. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive update on the current state...
The regulatory approvals of tumor-agnostic therapies have led to the re-evaluation of the drug development process. The conventional models of drug development are histology-based. On the other hand, the tumor-agnostic drug development of a new drug...
Many tumors have well-defined vulnerabilities, thus potentially allowing highly specific and effective treatment. There is a spectrum of actionable genetic alterations which are shared across various tumor types and, therefore, can be targeted by a g...
Precision medicine has opened up a new era in the development of anti-cancer agents that is focused on identifying biomarkers predictive of treatment response regardless of tumor histology. Since 2017, the Food and Drug Administration has approved si...
This review comprehensively analyzes the current landscape of tumor-agnostic therapies in oncology. Tumor-agnostic therapies are designed to target specific molecular alterations rather than the primary site of the tumor, representing a shift in canc...
Recently, two tropomycin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have been approved for Trk fusion-positive cancer patients. Clinical trials for larotrectinib and entrectinib were performed with patients selected based on the...
A better understanding of cancer biology has led to the development of targeted therapies specifically designed to modulate an altered molecular pathway in the cancer cells or their microenvironment. Despite the identification of molecular targets ac...
Background/Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80–90% of all lung cancers. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent an expanding targeted therapy opti...
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an innovative family of agents assembled through linking cytotoxic drugs (payloads) covalently to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be delivered to tumor tissue that express their particular antigen, with the t...
The first-generation tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, represent exciting new developments in cancer treatment that offer relevant, rapid, and long-lasting clinical benefits. Larotrectinib and entrectinib ar...
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are at the forefront of the drug development revolution occurring in oncology. Formed from three main components—an antibody, a linker molecule, and a cytotoxic agent (“payload”), ADCs have the...
Molecular tumor boards (MTBs) are multidisciplinary groups that combine molecular and clinical data from cancer patients in order to formulate treatment recommendations for precision medicine. To date, there is insufficient data to support the use of...
High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) derives from genomic hypermutability due to deficient mismatch repair function. Colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancers (EC) are the tumor types that more often present MSI-H. Anti-PD(L)-1 antibodies have been...
In the past decade, a lot of insight was gathered into the composition of the host and tumor factors that promote oncogenesis and treatment resistance. This in turn has led to the ingenious design of multiple new classes of drugs, which have now beco...
Background: Early-phase clinical trials offer a unique opportunity for patients with cancer. These trials often mandate biopsies to collect tumor tissue for research purposes, requiring patients to undergo invasive procedures. Some trials mandate mol...
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents a rare oncological and heterogeneous disease in which one or more metastases are present, but the location of the primary site is unknown. Pathological diagnosis, using immunohistochemistry, of such metastat...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for cellular proliferation, growth, and survival. Constitutive activation of this pathway by BRAF mutations can cause downstream activation of kinases, leading to uncontrolled cellular...
(1) Background: The oncology field has drastically changed with the advent of precision medicine, led by the discovery of druggable genes or immune targets assessed through next-generation sequencing. Biomarker-based treatments are increasingly emerg...
NTRK fusions are oncogenic drivers for multiple tumor types. Therefore, the development of selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, including larotrectinib and entrectinib, has been transformative in the context of clinical management,...
Predicting the cell response to drugs is central to drug discovery, drug repurposing, and personalized medicine. To this end, large datasets of drug signatures have been curated, most notably the Connectivity Map (CMap). A multitude of in silico appr...
The vast corpus of heterogeneous biomedical data stored in databases, ontologies, and terminologies presents a unique opportunity for drug design. Integrating and fusing these sources is essential to develop data representations that can be analyzed...
Emerging data have suggested that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be a reliable biomarker for minimal residual disease (MRD) in CRC patients. Recent studies have shown that the ability to detect MRD using ctDNA assay after curative-intent surgery w...
Precision medicine is essential for the modern care of a patient with cancer. Comprehensive molecular profiling of the tumor itself is necessary to determine the presence or absence of certain targetable abnormalities or biomarkers. In particular, lu...
Periploca aphylla (PA), an interesting Saudi medicinal plant, is used in folk medicine to treat urticaria, cerebral fever, tumors, and swelling. To prove its use in folk medicine, two different extracts from the aerial parts of the plant: chloroform...
RET alterations, such as fusions or mutations, drive the growth of multiple tumor types. These alterations are found in canonical (lung and thyroid) and non-canonical (e.g., gastrointestinal, breast, gynecological, genitourinary, histiocytic) cancers...
The approval of larotrectinib and entrectinib for cancer patients harboring an NTRK gene fusion has represented a milestone in the era of “histology-agnostic” drugs. Among the clinical trials that led to the approval of these two drugs, m...
Cystic fibrosis is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in many epithelial cells. New drugs called CFT...
The development of analytical procedures capable of simultaneous determination of two or more drugs is in crucial demand due to the availability of different formulations that are composed of different APIs. The presented study aimed to optimize and...
Studying tissue-independent components of cancer and defining pan-cancer subtypes could be addressed using tissue-specific molecular signatures if classification errors are controlled. Since PAM50 is a well-known, United States Food and Drug Administ...
Despite the progress of surgery, radiotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis for advanced sinonasal cancers (SNCs) remains poor. In the era of precision medicine, more research has been conducted on the molecular pathways and recurrent...
Respiratory pathogens such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe lung infections leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathophysiology of ARDS includes an excessive host immune response, lung epithelial and endothelial cel...
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), coded by the proto-oncogene ERBB, is known to be mutated or amplified in various malignant diseases, and many HER2-targeted therapies (including monoclonal antibodies and low-molecular-weight tyrosine...
Many clinical decisions in oncology practice rely on the presence or absence of an alteration in a single genetic locus, be it a pathogenic variant in a hereditary cancer gene or activating mutation in a drug target. In addition, there are integrativ...
Background: Despite the emergence of new treatment modalities, including targeted therapies that are of benefit to patients whose tumours carry specific mutations, the prognosis for most patients with cholangiocarcinoma remains poor. Novel therapeuti...
The use of RNA-based approaches to treat monogenic diseases (i.e., hereditary disorders caused by mutations in single genes) has been developed on different fronts. One approach uses small antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to modulate RNA processing...
In this paper we report long-term therapy management based on iterative de novo molecular and cellular analysis in a case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with prior history of treated colorectal cancer. In the described case tempora...
Background/Objectives: Oncogenic KRAS drives ~30% of solid tumours, yet the only approved G12C-specific drugs benefit ≈ 13% of KRAS-mutant patients, leaving a major clinical gap. We sought mutation-agnostic natural ligands from Ziziphus lotus,...
The significant heterogeneity in clinical outcomes among patients with bladder cancer has highlighted the existence of different biological subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Meanwhile, i...
The prognosis of patients with solid tumours has remarkably improved with the development of molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the improvements in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer is delaye...
The administration of many cancer drugs is tailored to genetic tests. Some genomic events, e.g., alterations of EGFR or BRAF oncogenes, result in the conformational change of the corresponding proteins and call for the use of mutation-specific compou...
Effective management of chronic constrictive pulmonary conditions lies in proper and timely administration of medication. As a series of studies indicates, medication adherence can effectively be monitored by successfully identifying actions performe...
In the past two decades, molecular targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of several malignancies. Lethal malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have become a model for precision-matched immune- and gene-targeted...
Advances in molecular tumor diagnostics have transformed cancer care. However, it remains unclear whether precision oncology has the same impact and transformative nature across all malignancies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with...
Despite the continued development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), the need for mutation agnostic treatments remains. In a sub-group of CF individuals with mutati...
Pandemic preparedness is a complex of threat-agnostic countermeasures developed in advance which would be efficient against a future outbreak regardless of its causative agent, and broad-spectrum antivirals constitute a critical component of this com...
This study presents a novel high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of oxyclozanide (OXY) and levamisole hydrochloride (LEV) residues in ovine tissues, addressing...
Background/Objectives: Chemical and metabolic kinetics have historically been derived from mass balance differential equations expressed in terms of amounts, and this framework was later extended to pharmacokinetics by converting amount-based equatio...
Nowadays, most of the health expenditure is due to chronic patients who are readmitted several times for their pathologies. Personalized prevention strategies could be developed to improve the management of these patients. The aim of the present work...
Next-generation sequencing-based comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) testing, OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel System, and FoundationOne CDx Cancer Genomic Profile have been covered by the Japanese national health insurance system since June 2019. Because CG...
Objective: Machine learning (ML) approaches have the potential to uncover regular patterns in multi-layered data. Here we applied self-organizing maps (SOMs) to detect such patterns with the aim to better predict in-stent restenosis (ISR) at surveill...
of 2