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  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,381 Views
17 Pages

Natural Phytochemicals, Luteolin and Isoginkgetin, Inhibit 3C Protease and Infection of FMDV, In Silico and In Vitro

  • Sirin Theerawatanasirikul,
  • Nattarat Thangthamniyom,
  • Chih-Jung Kuo,
  • Ploypailin Semkum,
  • Nantawan Phecharat,
  • Penpitcha Chankeeree and
  • Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

21 October 2021

Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals resulting in economic losses worldwide. The 3C protease (3Cpro) is the main protease essential in the picornavirus life cycle, whic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,182 Views
14 Pages

Phospholipase PLA2G16 Accelerates the Host Interferon Signaling Pathway Response to FMDV

  • Bingjie Sun,
  • Xiaodong Qin,
  • Taoqing Zhang,
  • Sujie Dong,
  • Yinbo Ye,
  • Changying Wang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Rongzeng Hao,
  • Yi Ru and
  • Haixue Zheng
  • + 1 author

23 June 2025

PLA2G16 is a member of the phospholipase A2 family that catalyzes the generation of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) from phosphatidic acid. Previously, PLA2G16 was found to be a host factor for picornaviruses. Here, we disco...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,267 Views
18 Pages

Assessment on Different Vaccine Formulation Parameters in the Protection against Heterologous Challenge with FMDV in Cattle

  • Sebastián Di Giacomo,
  • Danilo Bucafusco,
  • Juan Manuel Schammas,
  • Juan Pega,
  • María Cruz Miraglia,
  • Florencia Barrionuevo,
  • Alejandra Victoria Capozzo and
  • Daniel Mariano Perez-Filgueira

15 August 2022

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the major threats to animal health worldwide. Its causative agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), affects cloven-hoofed animals, including farm animals and wildlife species, inflicting severe damage to the internati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,513 Views
14 Pages

Transcript Profiling Identifies Early Response Genes against FMDV Infection in PK-15 Cells

  • Tianliang Zhang,
  • Haotai Chen,
  • Linlin Qi,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Run Wu,
  • Yongguang Zhang and
  • Yuefeng Sun

11 July 2018

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic loses worldwide. Although the protection provided by vaccination is limited during early infection, it is recognized as the best method to prevent FMD outbr...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2,821 Views
9 Pages

7 August 2020

The development and evaluation of a Boc-AL(Boc)Q(Trt)-AMC fluorophore to detect 3C Protease, produced by Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is reported, with a view to a potential use as a rapid screen for FMDV infected livestock The peptide-linked...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,110 Views
20 Pages

Deoptimization of FMDV P1 Region Results in Robust Serotype-Independent Viral Attenuation

  • Gisselle N. Medina,
  • Edward Spinard,
  • Paul A. Azzinaro,
  • Monica Rodriguez-Calzada,
  • Joseph Gutkoska,
  • Anna Kloc,
  • Elizabeth A. Rieder,
  • Bruce E. Taillon,
  • Stephen Mueller and
  • Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
  • + 1 author

6 June 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed livestock that can have severe economic impacts. Control and prevention strategies, including the development of improved vaccines, are urge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,587 Views
18 Pages

Small Molecules Targeting 3C Protease Inhibit FMDV Replication and Exhibit Virucidal Effect in Cell-Based Assays

  • Sirin Theerawatanasirikul,
  • Varanya Lueangaramkul,
  • Achiraya Pantanam,
  • Natjira Mana,
  • Ploypailin Semkum and
  • Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

6 September 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is endemic in Asia and Africa but spreads sporadically throughout the world, resulting in significant losses i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,581 Views
12 Pages

Effective Diagnosis of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes O and A Based on Optical and Electrochemical Dual-Modal Detection

  • Yun-Jung Hwang,
  • Kyung-Kwan Lee,
  • Jong-Won Kim,
  • Kwang-Hyo Chung,
  • Sang-Jick Kim,
  • Wan-Soo Yun and
  • Chang-Soo Lee

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. The traditional diagnostic methods for FMDV have several drawbacks such as cross-reactivity, low sensitivity, and low selectivity. To overcome thes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,750 Views
19 Pages

Development and Validation of Serotype-Specific Blocking ELISA for the Detection of Anti-FMDV O/A/Asia1/SAT2 Antibodies

  • Mohammad A. Kashem,
  • Patrycja Sroga,
  • Vivien Salazar,
  • Hamza Amjad,
  • Kate Hole,
  • Janice Koziuk,
  • Ming Yang,
  • Charles Nfon and
  • Shawn Babiuk

10 September 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious viral transboundary diseases of livestock, which causes devastating global economic losses. Different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used for sero-surveillance of the foot-an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,910 Views
15 Pages

Evaluation of Potential In Vitro Recombination Events in Codon Deoptimized FMDV Strains

  • Edward Spinard,
  • Ian Fish,
  • Paul A. Azzinaro,
  • Monica Rodriguez-Calzada,
  • Ethan J. Hartwig,
  • George R. Smoliga,
  • Aishwarya Mogulothu,
  • Jonathan Arzt,
  • Teresa de los Santos and
  • Gisselle N. Medina

2 March 2023

Codon deoptimization (CD) has been recently used as a possible strategy to derive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates containing DIVA markers. However, reversion to virulence, or loss of DIVA, from possible recombina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,815 Views
21 Pages

Inferred Causal Mechanisms of Persistent FMDV Infection in Cattle from Differential Gene Expression in the Nasopharyngeal Mucosa

  • James J. Zhu,
  • Carolina Stenfeldt,
  • Elizabeth A. Bishop,
  • Jessica A. Canter,
  • Michael Eschbaumer,
  • Luis L. Rodriguez and
  • Jonathan Arzt

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can persistently infect pharyngeal epithelia in ruminants but not in pigs. Our previous studies demonstrated that persistent FMDV infection in cattle was associated with under-expression of several chemokines that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,428 Views
14 Pages

Comparative Evaluation of Modified Vaccinia Ankara as a Surrogate Virus for Disinfectant Efficacy Testing Against AIV, FMDV, and ASFV

  • Sok Song,
  • Su-Jeong Kim,
  • Kyu-Sik Shin,
  • So-Hee Park,
  • Yong Yi Joo,
  • Bokhee Han,
  • Cho-Yeon Lee,
  • Gong-Woo Park,
  • Hyun-Ok Ku and
  • Choi-Kyu Park
  • + 1 author

23 August 2025

Surrogate viruses provide a safe and scalable alternative for evaluating disinfectant efficacy when access to high-risk pathogens is restricted. This study evaluated the potential of Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus, which can be handled under BS...

  • Article
  • Open Access
549 Views
11 Pages

FMDV VP3 Induces IL-10 Expression in Porcine Macrophages via PI3K Interaction and PI3K/AKT-mTOR Pathway Activation

  • Yuling Li,
  • Zijing Guo,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Li Luo,
  • Chunsai He,
  • Qiqi Xia,
  • Jingyuan Zhang,
  • Zhidong Zhang and
  • Yanmin Li

1 January 2026

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection elicits sustained, high-level interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion in cattle and pigs, which correlates with lymphopenia and immunosuppression. We previously showed that macrophages are the principal source o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,145 Views
14 Pages

Antigenicity and Immunogenicity Analysis of the E. coli Expressed FMDV Structural Proteins; VP1, VP0, VP3 of the South African Territories Type 2 Virus

  • Guoxiu Li,
  • Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet,
  • Yaozhong Ding,
  • Qian Li,
  • Junfei Dai,
  • Yang Wang,
  • Qian Hou,
  • Jiao Chen,
  • Bing Ma and
  • Jie Zhang
  • + 3 authors

27 May 2021

An alternative vaccine design approach and diagnostic kits are highly required against the anticipated pandemicity caused by the South African Territories type 2 (SAT2) Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). However, the distinct antigenicity and immun...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,666 Views
23 Pages

DDX21, a Host Restriction Factor of FMDV IRES-Dependent Translation and Replication

  • Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah,
  • Jin’en Wu,
  • Yun Zhang,
  • Manyuan Bai,
  • Junyong Guan,
  • Xiangtao Liu,
  • Shiqi Sun and
  • Huichen Guo

3 September 2021

In cells, the contributions of DEAD-box helicases (DDXs), without which cellular life is impossible, are of utmost importance. The extremely diverse roles of the nucleolar helicase DDX21, ranging from fundamental cellular processes such as cell growt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,706 Views
17 Pages

A20FMDV2 is a 20-mer peptide that exhibits high selectivity and affinity for the tumour-related αvβ6 integrin that can compete with extracellular ligands for the crucial RGD binding site, playing a role as a promising αvβ6-speci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,849 Views
13 Pages

Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle, sheep, and swine among other cloven-hoofed animals that imposes serious economic burden by its direct effects on farm productivity as well as on commerce of farmed produce. Vacci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
102 Citations
9,796 Views
14 Pages

Apigenin Restricts FMDV Infection and Inhibits Viral IRES Driven Translational Activity

  • Suhong Qian,
  • Wenchun Fan,
  • Ping Qian,
  • Dong Zhang,
  • Yurong Wei,
  • Huanchun Chen and
  • Xiangmin Li

31 March 2015

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by FMD virus (FMDV). FMD outbreaks have occurred in livestock-containing regions worldwide. Apigenin, which is a flavonoid naturally existing in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,027 Views
24 Pages

FMDV Leader Protein Interacts with the NACHT and LRR Domains of NLRP3 to Promote IL-1β Production

  • Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury,
  • Xusheng Ma,
  • Yuanyuan Li,
  • Xiaofeng Nian,
  • Zhikuan Luo,
  • Yonghua Ma,
  • Zixiang Zhu,
  • Fan Yang,
  • Weijun Cao and
  • Haixue Zheng

23 December 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes inflammatory clinical symptoms, such as high fever and vesicular lesions, even death of animals. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an essential role in inflamm...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,071 Views
10 Pages

Rapid Identification of ASFV, CSFV and FMDV from Mongolian Outbreaks with MinION Short Amplicon Sequencing

  • Dashzeveg Bold,
  • Jayme A. Souza-Neto,
  • Delgerzul Gombo-Ochir,
  • Natasha N. Gaudreault,
  • David A. Meekins,
  • Chester D. McDowell,
  • Batsukh Zayat and
  • Juergen A. Richt

African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) cause important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) that have a significant economic impact. The rapid and unequivocal identification of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,174 Views
15 Pages

(F)uridylylated Peptides Linked to VPg1 of Foot-and- Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV): Design, Synthesis and X-Ray Crystallography of the Complexes with FMDV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

  • Sonia de Castro,
  • Cristina Ferrer-Orta,
  • Alberto Mills,
  • Gloria Fernández-Cureses,
  • Federico Gago,
  • Nuria Verdaguer and
  • María-José Camarasa

26 June 2019

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family that contains three small viral proteins (VPgs), named VPg1, VPg2 and VPg3, linked to the 5′-end of the viral genome. These VPg proteins act as primers f...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
7,513 Views
29 Pages

19 September 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is globally recognized as a highly economically devastating and prioritized viral disease affecting livestock. Vaccination remains a crucial preventive measure against FMD. The improvement of current vaccine platforms cou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,091 Views
17 Pages

9 October 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been studied and used as vaccines to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Mast cells (MCs) express various pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogens and secrete numerous cytokines to initiate and modulat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,765 Views
11 Pages

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Meat Juice

  • Sean Yeo,
  • Ming Yang,
  • Martin Nyachoti,
  • Rolf Rauh,
  • Johnny D. Callahan and
  • Charles Nfon

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious agent that impacts livestock industries worldwide, leading to significant financial loss. Its impact can be avoided or minimized if the virus is detected early. FMDV detection relies on vesic...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,449 Views
8 Pages

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3Cpro Cleaves BP180 to Induce Blister Formation

  • Pathum Ekanayaka,
  • Asela Weerawardhana,
  • Kiramage Chathuranga,
  • Jong-Hyeon Park and
  • Jong-Soo Lee

16 September 2022

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is mainly characterized by blister formation (vesicles) in animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). However, the molecular basis of the blister formation in FMD is still unknown. BP180 is one of the main...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,488 Views
16 Pages

14 July 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is an important pathogen affecting cloven-hoof livestock. However, neither effective vaccines covering all serotypes nor specific antivirals against FMDV infections are curr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,797 Views
17 Pages

Adaption of FMDV Asia-1 to Suspension Culture: Cell Resistance Is Overcome by Virus Capsid Alterations

  • Veronika Dill,
  • Bernd Hoffmann,
  • Aline Zimmer,
  • Martin Beer and
  • Michael Eschbaumer

18 August 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease with catastrophic economic impact for affected countries. BHK21 suspension cells are preferred for the industrial production of FMDV vaccine antigen, but not all virus strains can...

  • Article
  • Open Access
775 Views
17 Pages

Antiviral Efficacy of Lignan Derivatives (-)-Asarinin and Sesamin Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (3Dpol)

  • Ploypailin Semkum,
  • Natjira Mana,
  • Varanya Lueangaramkul,
  • Nantawan Phetcharat,
  • Porntippa Lekcharoensuk and
  • Sirin Theerawatanasirikul

10 October 2025

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting livestock. Although inactivated vaccines are commonly used, their effectiveness is limited by an immunity gap. Therefore, complementary antiviral strategies are required fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,748 Views
17 Pages

Inhibition of MAVS Aggregation-Mediated Type-I Interferon Signaling by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus VP3

  • Pathum Ekanayaka,
  • Byeong-Hoon Lee,
  • Asela Weerawardhana,
  • Kiramage Chathuranga,
  • Jong-Hyeon Park and
  • Jong-Soo Lee

6 September 2021

As a structural protein of the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), VP3 plays a vital role in virus assembly and inhibiting the interferon (IFN) signal transduction to promote FMDV replication. Previous studies demonstrated that FMDV VP3 blocks the t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,602 Views
14 Pages

Degradation of Host Proteins and Apoptosis Induced by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C Protease

  • Jiamin Yi,
  • Jiangling Peng,
  • Jingjing Ren,
  • Guoqiang Zhu,
  • Yi Ru,
  • Hong Tian,
  • Dan Li and
  • Haixue Zheng

30 November 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), induced by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Previous studies have reported that FMDV 3C protease could degrade multiple host proteins; however, the degrada...

  • Review
  • Open Access
60 Citations
11,947 Views
27 Pages

28 February 2020

The existence of a prolonged, subclinical phase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle was first recognized in the 1950s. Since then, the FMDV carrier state has been a subject of controversy amongst scientists and policymakers. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
868 Views
13 Pages

Simple and High-Throughput Quantification of Mono- and Bivalent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Antigens by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry

  • Yanli Yang,
  • Xiaojie Chen,
  • Ming Li,
  • Fei Xin,
  • Yi Zhao,
  • Chengfeng Zhang,
  • Yiping Pan,
  • Chuanyu He and
  • Sun He

Background/Objectives: An accurate quantification of the effective antigens from different serotypes is essential for the quality control of multivalent vaccines, but it remains challenging. Herein, we developed a simple and high-throughput method us...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,112 Views
10 Pages

27 May 2022

Foot-and-mouth disease is an economically devastating disease of livestock caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Vaccination is the most effective control measure in place to limit the spread of the disease; however, the success of vaccinati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,268 Views
11 Pages

Generation of Antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP4 Using Hepatitis B Core VLPs as a Scaffold

  • Jessica Swanson,
  • Rennos Fragkoudis,
  • Philippa C. Hawes,
  • Joseph Newman,
  • Alison Burman,
  • Anusha Panjwani,
  • Nicola J. Stonehouse and
  • Tobias J. Tuthill

11 April 2021

The picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of the economically important disease of livestock, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). VP4 is a highly conserved capsid protein, which is important during virus entry. Previous pu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,079 Views
17 Pages

Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Decrease Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Blocking the Viral 3Dpol

  • Sirin Theerawatanasirikul,
  • Ploypailin Semkum,
  • Varanya Lueangaramkul,
  • Penpitcha Chankeeree,
  • Nattarat Thangthamniyom and
  • Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

30 December 2022

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an economically important pathogen of cloven-hoofed livestock, is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus classified in the Picornaviridae family. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses is highly c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,853 Views
14 Pages

MiR-4334-5p Facilitates Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Propagation by Suppressing Interferon Pathways via Direct Targeting ID1

  • Yanxue Wang,
  • Tingting Ren,
  • Haotai Chen,
  • Kailing Wang,
  • Yongguang Zhang,
  • Lei Liu and
  • Yuefeng Sun

27 September 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that the host microRNAs (miRNAs) are important intracellular regulators and play pivotal roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks. In our previous studies, ssc-microRNA-4334-5p (miR-4334-5p) was identified as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,363 Views
16 Pages

Full Genome Sequencing Reveals New Southern African Territories Genotypes Bringing Us Closer to Understanding True Variability of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Africa

  • Lidia Lasecka-Dykes,
  • Caroline F. Wright,
  • Antonello Di Nardo,
  • Grace Logan,
  • Valerie Mioulet,
  • Terry Jackson,
  • Tobias J. Tuthill,
  • Nick J. Knowles and
  • Donald P. King

13 April 2018

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hooved animals that poses a constant burden on farmers in endemic regions and threatens the livestock industries in disease-free countries. Despite the increased number...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,689 Views
11 Pages

A Single Dose of Dendrimer B2T Peptide Vaccine Partially Protects Pigs against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection

  • Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz,
  • Mar Forner,
  • Sira Defaus,
  • Patricia de León,
  • María J. Bustos,
  • Elisa Torres,
  • Francisco Sobrino,
  • David Andreu and
  • Esther Blanco

10 January 2020

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals whose control relies on efficient vaccination. We have reported that dendrimer peptide B2T, with two copies of FMDV B-cell epitope VP1 (136–154) lin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,518 Views
11 Pages

Establishment of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type Asia1 Expressing the HiBiT Protein: A Useful Tool for a NanoBiT Split Luciferase Assay

  • Giyoun Cho,
  • Hyejin Kim,
  • Dong-Wan Kim,
  • Seong Yun Hwang,
  • Ji-Hyeon Hwang,
  • Yeon Rae Chae,
  • Yoon-Hee Lee,
  • Ok-Mi Jeong,
  • Jung-Won Park and
  • Jong-Hyeon Park
  • + 1 author

21 June 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic losses in the livestock industry. Given that this high-risk pathogen has to be handled in a biosafety level (BSL)-3 facilit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,530 Views
16 Pages

Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cell Model Systems

  • Haibin Ma,
  • Zhenzhen Zheng,
  • Min Liu,
  • Mengsi Zhang,
  • Xiaoyun Qu,
  • Jingqiang Ren and
  • Ming Liao

1 February 2025

The highly contagious FMDV is the agent responsible for foot-and-mouth disease, significantly impacting animals with cloven hooves and incurring substantial economic losses globally. The FMDV genome, composed of single-stranded RNA, consists of appro...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,039 Views
10 Pages

Combining Multiple Assays Improves Detection and Serotyping of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. A Practical Example with Field Samples from East Africa

  • Efrem Alessandro Foglia,
  • Tiziana Lembo,
  • Rudovick Kazwala,
  • Divine Ekwem,
  • Gabriel Shirima,
  • Santina Grazioli,
  • Emiliana Brocchi and
  • Giulia Pezzoni

10 August 2021

Multiple serotypes and topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulate in endemic areas, posing considerable impacts locally. In addition, introductions into new areas are of great concern. Indeed, in recent years, multiple FMDV outbreaks,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
7,188 Views
14 Pages

7 February 2022

Milk is seen as a chief source of protein and other biologically available nutrients for human beings. Pakistan, the fourth largest milk-producing country, is badly affected by the contagious transboundary apthoviral disease of ungulate animals; the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,840 Views
15 Pages

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Antagonizes Type I Interferon Signaling via Degradation of Histone Deacetylase 5

  • Qing Gong,
  • Shanhui Ren,
  • Yongxi Dou,
  • Berihun Afera Tadele,
  • Tao Hu,
  • Luoyi Zhou,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Kaishen Yao,
  • Jian Xu and
  • Yuefeng Sun
  • + 1 author

19 March 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals that hampers trade and production. To ensure effective infection, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) evades host antiviral pathways i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
467 Views
24 Pages

19 February 2026

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cloven-hoofed livestock. Recombination is one of the mechanisms that contribute to genetic diversity of FMDV and facilitate the generation of new viral lineages, or recombinant fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,714 Views
18 Pages

Chimeric Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Virus-like Particles with Epitopes of South African Serotype 2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Elicits Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice

  • Qian Li,
  • Xusheng Ma,
  • Yaner Shen,
  • Junfei Dai,
  • Xiaofeng Nian,
  • Xiaofen Shang,
  • Jiao Chen,
  • Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet,
  • Jie Zhang and
  • Haixue Zheng

17 April 2024

Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the existing vaccines offer poor cross-protection against the circulating strains in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,011 Views
16 Pages

Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Adenovirus-Expressing Capsid Protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Types O and A

  • Cancan Wang,
  • Liping Zhang,
  • Ruiming Yu,
  • Peng Zhou,
  • Zhongwang Zhang,
  • Xin Miao,
  • Mingxia Li,
  • Jianliang Lv,
  • Li Pan and
  • Xinsheng Liu
  • + 1 author

The objective of this study was to construct a recombinant adenovirus expressing the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid protein of types O and A for future FMDV vaccines to be used in the livestock industry for the reduction in losses caused...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,006 Views
14 Pages

Application of 12C6 Heavy Ion-Irradiated BHK-21 Cells in Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine

  • Xiangdong Song,
  • Shiyu Tao,
  • Fanglan An,
  • Xiaoming Li,
  • Jingcai Yang,
  • Yan Cui and
  • Xuerong Liu

13 February 2025

FMD poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and public health security. This study aims to investigate an innovative method for producing FMD vaccines. Wild-type BHK-21 cells were subjected to heavy ion irradiation. Following the optimization...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,350 Views
16 Pages

Association of Porcine Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) Haplotypes with B- and T-Cell Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Peptides

  • Patricia de León,
  • Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz,
  • Yago Saez,
  • Mar Forner,
  • Sira Defaus,
  • Dolores Cuadra,
  • María J. Bustos,
  • Elisa Torres,
  • David Andreu and
  • Sabine E. Hammer
  • + 2 authors

8 September 2020

Dendrimer peptides are promising vaccine candidates against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Several B-cell epitope (B2T) dendrimers, harboring a major FMDV antigenic B-cell site in VP1 protein, are covalently linked to heterotypic T-cell epi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,819 Views
15 Pages

Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Burundi, East Africa, in 2016, Caused by Different Serotypes

  • Andrea Isabel Estevez Garcia,
  • David J. Lefebvre,
  • Lionel Nyabongo,
  • Andy Haegeman,
  • Canesius Nkundwanayo,
  • Annebel De Vleeschauwer,
  • Désiré Ntakirutimana,
  • Ilse De Leeuw,
  • Deogratias Nsanganiyumwami and
  • Kris De Clercq
  • + 3 authors

17 May 2022

Burundi is a small, densely populated country in the African Great Lakes region. In March 2016, several hundreds of cattle were reported with vesicular lesions, suggesting foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Epithelial samples, saliva, and blood were colle...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,015 Views
15 Pages

A Review of the Utility of Established Cell Lines for Isolation and Propagation of the Southern African Territories Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

  • Kitsiso Gaboiphiwe,
  • Tshephang Iris Kabelo,
  • Petronella Thato Mosholombe,
  • Joseph Hyera,
  • Elliot Mpolokang Fana,
  • Kabo Masisi and
  • Kebaneilwe Lebani

30 December 2024

Cell culture underpins virus isolation and virus neutralisation tests, which are both gold-standard diagnostic methods for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Cell culture is also crucial for the propagation of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMD...

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