Skip to Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

22 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
482 Views
48 Pages

Linking Requirements to Solution Methods via Taxonomies: An EVRP Case Study

  • Agris Šostaks,
  • Artūrs Sproģis,
  • Aleksandrs Saveļjevs and
  • Dāvids Liepa

15 September 2026

Many scientific and engineering domains, including machine learning, software engineering, operations research, and logistics optimization, are characterized by a fragmented landscape of problem variants, methodological approaches, and application-sp...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization in Engineering: Models and Algorithms)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,683 Views
12 Pages

17 May 2022

Nowadays, in researches on electric vehicle routing problems, in order to improve the delivery efficiency and reduce the routing cost, many important elements are broad discussed such as the customer time window, the routing algorithm, the electric e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,031 Views
27 Pages

27 March 2024

Although the EVRP (Electric Vehicle routing problem) has promising results on the environmental scale, its implementation has proved challenging. The difficulty of the EVRP resides in the limited driving range of the electric vehicles, combined with...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,260 Views
25 Pages

A Sustainable Multi-Objective Model for Capacitated-Electric-Vehicle-Routing-Problem Considering Hard and Soft Time Windows as Well as Partial Recharging

  • Amir Hossein Sheikh Azadi,
  • Mohammad Khalilzadeh,
  • Jurgita Antucheviciene,
  • Ali Heidari and
  • Amirhossein Soon

Due to the high pollution of the transportation sector, nowadays the role of electric vehicles has been noticed more and more by governments, organizations, and environmentally friendly people. On the other hand, the problem of electric vehicle routi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms 2024)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,523 Views
40 Pages

1 April 2026

This paper investigates a novel variant of the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) within the context of modern e-commerce logistics. The model integrates time windows, occasional trucks, occasional drivers, heterogeneous regular vehicles, a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,706 Views
36 Pages

26 November 2025

The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is constrained by the limited driving range and time-consuming energy replenishment. These characteristics shift the focus of the EVRP from simple path optimization to an integrated optimization of routing...

(This article belongs to the Collection "Electric Vehicles" Section: Review Papers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,004 Views
27 Pages

22 January 2025

The growth of the urban population and the increase in e-commerce activities have resulted in challenges for last-mile delivery. On the other hand, electric vehicles (EVs) have been introduced to last-mile delivery as an alternative to fossil fuel ve...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
616 Views
29 Pages

9 May 2026

This study addresses the electric refrigerated vehicle routing problem under a mixed public–private charging mode. An optimization model is developed with the objective of minimizing total cost. The model jointly considers vehicle load capacity...

(This article belongs to the Section Transportation and Future Mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,881 Views
22 Pages

Application of an Improved Harmony Search Algorithm on Electric Vehicle Routing Problems

  • Vanny Minanda,
  • Yun-Chia Liang,
  • Angela H. L. Chen and
  • Aldy Gunawan

27 July 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained considerable popularity, driven in part by an increased concern for the impact of automobile emissions on climate change. Electric vehicles (EVs) cover more than just conventional cars and trucks. They also include...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,173 Views
36 Pages

9 April 2025

With the escalating environmental crisis, electric vehicles have emerged as a key solution for emission reductions in logistics due to their low-carbon attributes, prompting significant attention and extensive research on the electric vehicle routing...

(This article belongs to the Section Algorithms for Multidisciplinary Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,284 Views
23 Pages

In light of the widespread use of electric vehicles for urban distribution, this paper delves into the electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP): specifically addressing multiple trips per vehicle, diverse vehicle types, and simultaneous pickup and del...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Intelligent Vehicle Path Planning Algorithm)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
758 Views
21 Pages

13 May 2026

In many real-world logistics systems, two-echelon distribution structures and clustered customer demands often coexist. However, traditional Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems (2E-VRPs) mainly focus on the coordination between depots, satellites, a...

(This article belongs to the Section Algorithms for Multidisciplinary Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
7,393 Views
14 Pages

A Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Solving Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Locker Facilities

  • A. A. N. Perwira Redi,
  • Parida Jewpanya,
  • Adji Candra Kurniawan,
  • Satria Fadil Persada and ,
  • Reny Nadlifatin and
  • Oki Anita Candra Dewi
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

3 September 2020

We consider the problem of utilizing the parcel locker network for the logistics solution in the metropolitan area. Two-echelon distribution systems are attractive from an economic standpoint, whereas the product from the depot can be distributed fro...

(This article belongs to the Section Combinatorial Optimization, Graph, and Network Algorithms)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,296 Views
17 Pages

Solving the Two Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm Considering Drop Box Facilities and Emission Cost: A Case Study of Reverse Logistics Application in Indonesia

  • Marco Reinaldi,
  • Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira Redi,
  • Dio Fawwaz Prakoso,
  • Arrie Wicaksono Widodo and ,
  • Mochammad Rizal Wibisono,
  • Agus Supranartha,
  • Rahmad Inca Liperda,
  • Reny Nadlifatin,
  • Yogi Tri Prasetyo and
  • Sekar Sakti
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

30 August 2021

A two echelon distribution system is often used to solve logistics problems. This study considers a two-echelon distribution system in reverse logistics context with the use of drop box facility as an intermediary facility. An optimization model of i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
5,793 Views
22 Pages

29 August 2022

This paper addresses the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (EVRP-SPD), in which electric vehicles (EVs) simultaneously deliver goods to and pick up goods from customers. Due to the limited battery capacity of EVs,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modelling and Optimization in Production, Logistics, and Supply Chain)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
481 Views
27 Pages

1 July 2026

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in urban logistics presents complex operational challenges, driven primarily by limited battery capacities, charging station scheduling, and dynamic traffic congestion. This paper introduces a framework to so...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,465 Views
15 Pages

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Associated with Subclinical Vascular Damage Indicators in Asymptomatic Hypertensive Patients

  • Zenaida Milagros Hernández-Díaz,
  • Marisol Peña-Sánchez,
  • Alina González-Quevedo,
  • Sergio González-García and ,
  • Paula Andrea Arias-Cadena,
  • Marta Brown-Martínez,
  • Mélany Betancourt-Loza and
  • Anay Cordero-Eiriz
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

22 August 2019

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is frequent in patients with cardiovascular risk factors including arterial hypertension, and it is associated with vascular damage in other organs and the risk of stroke, cognitive impairment, and dem...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Basic to Clinical in Behavioral Disorders)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
819 Views
27 Pages

2 April 2026

In electric vehicle logistics, limited range and charging station capacity pose critical challenges to route planning, with direct implications for the sustainability of transportation systems. Conventional electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,761 Views
16 Pages

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with self-play has emerged as a promising paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems. The recently proposed Gumbel AlphaZero Plan-to-Play (GAZ PTP) framework adopts a competitive training setup bet...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Control and Planning for Urban Network Efficiency and Safety Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,509 Views
27 Pages

22 May 2025

With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), urban logistics faces increasing challenges in optimizing vehicle routing. This paper presents a new modeling framework for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP), where multiple electric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,993 Views
38 Pages

Double Deep Q-Network-Based Solution for the Dynamic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem

  • Mehmet Bilge Han Taş,
  • Kemal Özkan,
  • İnci Sarıçiçek and
  • Ahmet Yazıcı

26 December 2025

The Dynamic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (D-EVRP) presents a framework that requires electric vehicles to meet demand with limited energy capacity. When dynamic demand flows and charging requirements are considered together, traditional methods c...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,361 Views
26 Pages

10 June 2020

The research on production, delivery and inventory strategies for perishable products in a two-echelon distribution network integrates the production routing problem (PRP) and two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP), which mainly considers the i...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)