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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most frequent kidney malignancy and remains a major clinical challenge due to its often silent onset, high metastatic potential, and limited responsiveness to conventional chemotherapy. Increasing evidence in...

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening is a defining biophysical feature of solid tumors that reshape gene regulation through mechanotransduction. Increased collagen crosslinking and stromal remodeling enhance integrin engagement, focal-adhesion signa...

Background/Objectives: The telomerase RNA (TR) is an indispensable part of the telomerase protein complex responsible for telomere elongation in most eukaryotic species. Although the telomere terminal repeat sequence (TTAGGC)_n in Caenorhabditis elega...

Background/Objectives: Human milk is a complex biological fluid containing not only macro- and micronutrients but also diverse bioactive molecules, including extracellular RNAs. Although RNA has been detected in milk for decades, only a subset of RNA...

This review provides a thorough survey of long noncoding RNAs that bear the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and current work to understand the resulting mechanistic and biological consequences. We give an overview of lncRNA and m6A biology...

Background/Objectives: In severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) with limb ischemia, hypercholesterolemia (HC) is associated with impaired neovascularization. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present within ischemic muscles, and they contain microRNA...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and clinically aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). While novel therapies such as rituximab and polatuzumab vedotin have led to improved outcomes, approximately 35% of patients eve...

Background/Objectives: Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are therapeutic cells that adopt an immunomodulatory phenotype when exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent research efforts uncovered that many therapeutic benefits of MSCs ca...

Background: Transposable elements are normally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms; however, during malignant transformation, epigenetic alterations enable transposons to produce functional molecules like miRNAs. Among these, LINE-2 (L2) elements can g...

Bone metastasis is a common and severe complication in advanced stages of breast cancer (BC) that is characterised by limited treatment options and poor patient prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of regulatory small non-coding RNAs (ncRN...

CARINH is an intriguing long noncoding RNA whose unique regulatory functions intersect the seemingly distinct processes of innate immunity and cancer development. Notably, CARINH is conserved across species, offering powerful experimental models for...

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with treatment resistance and tumor heterogeneity posing major clinical challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have emerged as key...

Food is a crucial component affecting the health of individuals, which may have the potential to expand lifespan. It has been shown that a long lifespan may be related to fine-tuned autophagy. In general, suitable autophagy could play a significant r...

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs with potential as novel biomarkers applicable to improve diagnostic and pro...

The field of non-coding RNA research is advancing at a breathtaking pace, continually uncovering new layers of regulatory complexity and functional diversity [...]

Background/Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world’s deadliest cancers; however, the mechanisms that contribute to its aggressiveness are poorly understood. In the recent literature, overexpression of the Chromosome 19 Mi...

The emergence of single-cell sequencing and computational analysis has dramatically improved our understanding of cellular diversity and gene expression dynamics. The rapid advancement of high-throughput omics technologies has led to an exponential g...

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts generated by polymerase II, therefore subject to 5′ capping and 3′ polyadenylation, categorized as such when they are at least 200 nt in size and lack coding function. The lncRNAs were initial...

Background: Distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections in children remains a significant challenge for clinicians. Traditional biomarkers have limited utility, often leading to antibiotic overprescription due to clinician uncertainty. With...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with significantly higher incidence and fatality rates in the elderly. Even with recent decades of research progress in AML, the exact etiology of this deadly disease is still not fully...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the global population, characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and dysregulated immune responses. This review examines the emerging role of long non-coding R...

Inside the eukaryotic nucleus, various RNAs are associated with chromatin. These include protein-coding pre-mRNA and different types of non-coding RNAs that are referred to as chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs). Recent studies have revealed the impor...

Background/Objectives: The X-inactivation specific transcript (XIST) is a long noncoding RNA playing a crucial regulatory role in X chromosome inactivation (XCI)—a transcriptional regulatory process that silences one of the two X chromosomes in...

Background/Objectives: Bio-produced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are effective carriers of short RNAs into specialized mammalian cells. Their potential application is still limited by scarce knowledge on their uptake and intracellular fate. Gold nanopa...

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play essential roles in all major steps of RNA processing. Genetic studies in human and mouse models support that many RBPs are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in key tissues/organs, but to what extent the function of...

Under physiological and pathological conditions, all cells release extracellular vesicles named exosomes, which act as transporters of lipidic, protein, and genetic material from parent to recipient cells. Neoplastic cells can secrete higher number o...

Background/Objectives: Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are small non-coding RNAs increasingly implicated in gene regulation and disease, yet their target specificity and disease relevance remain poorly understood. This is an exploratory study t...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators controlling gene expression across several cellular processes, including development, proliferation, and apoptosis. Their biogenesis involves a multi-step pathway, including the processing of...

Female cancers such as breast and gynaecological cancers contribute to a significant global health burden and are a leading cause of fatality among women. With current treatment options often limited by resistance to cytotoxic drugs, side effects and...

Background/Objectives: Non-coding microRNA-34a (miR-34a) regulates the expression of key factors involved in several cellular processes, such as differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, and senescence. Deregulation of the expression of...

Stress granule formation is a type of liquid–liquid phase separation in the cytoplasm, leading to RNA–protein condensates that are associated with various cellular stress responses and implicated in numerous pathologies, including cancer,...

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Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are core regulators in the field of tumor progression, with context-specific functions in oncogenic tumorigenesis. LINC01133, a lncRNA that has been identified as both an oncogene and a...

Background/Objectives: Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) emerged as an epigenetically regulated gene in a variety of settings, including cell reprogramming and malignant cell proliferation. The aim of the present manuscript is to explore the relation...

Background: snoRNAs have traditionally been known for their role as guides in post-transcriptional rRNA modifications. Previously, our research group identified several RNAs that may bind to PIP2 with LIPRNA-seq. Among them, snR191 stood out due to i...

Background/Objectives: Cancer research aims to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, in order to identify new therapeutic targets and provide patients with more effective therapies that generate fewer side undesirable and toxic e...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules generated through a non-canonical splicing event known as back-splicing. This particular class of non-coding RNAs has attracted growing interest due to its evolutionary conservation across...

Background/Objectives: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in tissue development and disease progression and have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression. The hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1) lncR...

Chronic pain is a multifactorial and complex condition that significantly affects individuals’ quality of life. The underlying mechanisms of chronic pain involve complex alterations in neural circuits, gene expression, and cellular signaling pa...

There was an error in the original publication [...]

Background: Long non-coding Ribonucleic Acids (lncRNAs) can be localized to different cellular compartments, such as the nuclear and the cytoplasmic regions. Their biological functions are influenced by the region of the cell where they are located....

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators involved in a wide range of biological processes in insects, yet little is known about their roles in stingless bees. Here, we present the first characterization of miRNAs in Melipona quadrif...

Background: Identifying liquid biopsy biomarkers with high efficacy is crucial for cancer diagnosis. Exosomal cargo, including miRNAs and proteins, offers enhanced stability in biofluids compared with their free circulating forms, but direct comparis...

Background: Physical activity induces a range of physiological and molecular adaptations, particularly affecting skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, regulating both tissue architecture and metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests tha...

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and hippocampal dysfunction, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA) net...

CHROMR is a primate-specific long noncoding RNA with emerging roles in homeostasis and pathophysiology. Elevated blood levels of CHROMR have been observed in patients with cardiovascular disease and several cancers, where it is correlated with poor c...

Introduction: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare but increasingly common gastrointestinal malignancy, mainly associated with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in tumorigenesis is recognized, but...

The poultry farming industry encounters considerable obstacles stemming from viral diseases, resulting in elevated mortality rates and substantial economic losses. Current research highlights the significant involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRN...

Background/Objectives: Exposure of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)...

Seyedeh Elnaz Banijamali was not included as an author in the original publication [...]