Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Circular RNA (circRNA) and Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA)
2. Metabolism of Circular RNA
Biogenesis, Localization, Modification, and Regulation of CircRNAs
3. Functions of Circular RNA
3.1. Cell Proliferation and CircRNAs
3.2. CircRNAs Functioning as miRNA Sponges
3.3. Role in Diagnosis of Diseases: Cancer
3.4. Immune Response and CircRNAs
3.5. Proteins and CircRNA
3.6. CircRNAs in Transcription and Splicing Regulation
3.7. Role in Diagnosis of Diseases: Neurological Diseases
3.8. Role in Diagnosis in Diseases: Autoimmune Diseases
4. Circular RNA’s Role in Pathogenic Infection
4.1. CircRNAs in Viral Infections
4.2. CircRNAs in Bacterial Infection
4.3. Cellular Circular RNA during Virus Infection
4.3.1. CircRNA in Respiratory Syncytial Virus
4.3.2. CircRNAs in Herpes Simplex Virus 1
4.3.3. CircRNAs in Coxsackievirus Group B Infection
4.4. Viral Circular RNA (DNA/RNA Virus)
4.4.1. CircRNA in Epstein–Barr Virus
4.4.2. CircRNAs in Kaposi Sarcoma Virus (KSHV)
4.4.3. CircRNA in Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)
4.4.4. CircRNA in Coronavirus
5. Characteristics of Viral Circular RNA
5.1. Breakpoint Motif of HCMV CircRNAs
5.2. Length Distribution, Exon Numbers, and Strand Preference
6. Functions of Cellular/Viral Circular RNA
6.1. Biological Effects Caused by Protein Binding
6.2. Platforms/Sponges for Proteins
6.3. CircRNA Expression Abundance
6.4. Competing with Linear mRNAs
7. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Circular RNA | Functions | Targets | Interactions with Protein | Cell Type | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
circRNA_0084043 | Stimulates cancer progression | SNAIL | miR-153-3p | melanoma | [76] |
circIRAK3 | Promotes migration/invasion | FOXC1 | miR-3607 | Breast cancer cells | [77] |
circBIRC6 | Maintains pluripotency | SOX2, NANOG, OCT4 | miR-145, -34a | hESCs, iPSCs | [78] |
circATP2B1 | Stimulates invasion | FN1 | miR-204-3p | CCRCC | [79] |
circLARP4 | Prevents proliferation/invasion | LATS1 | miR-424-5p | Gastric cancer | [80] |
circADAT1 (circRNA_008913) | Decreases carcinogenesis | DAB2IP | miR-889 | HaCaT | [81] |
circACTA2 | VSMC contraction | SMA | miR-548f-5p | HASMC | [82] |
circPVT1 | Stimulates proliferation | Aurka, mKi67, Bub1 | miR-497-5p | HNSCC | [83] |
Hsa_circ_0000799 (circBPTF) | Stimulates cancer progression | RAB27A | miR-31-5p | Bladder cancer | [84] |
circCCDC66 | Stimulates cancer progression | MYC, EZH2, DNMT3B | miR-93, -185, -33b | CRC | [85] |
circNASP | Stimulates cancer progression | FOXF1 | miR-1253 | Osteosarcoma | [86] |
Hsa_circ_0002052 | Prevents cancer progression | APC2 | miR-1205 | Osteosarcoma | [87] |
circTCF25 | Stimulates cancer progression | CDK6 | miR-107, -103a-30 | Bladder carcinoma | [88] |
circZFR | Stimulates cancer progression; prevents cancer progression | a) PTEN b) ZNF121 c) C8orf4 d) CTNNB1 | a) miR-107, -130a b) miR-4302 c) miR-1261 d) miR-3619-5p | a) Gastric Cancer b) PTC c) Lung cancer d) HCC | [89,90,91,92] |
circMYO9A (circRNA_000203) | Stimulates fibrosis | Col3a1, Col1a2, CTGF, SMA | miR-26b-5p | Cardiac fibroblast | [93] |
circMTO1 | Prevents cancer progression | HCC | miR-9 | P21 | [94] |
circFBLIM1 | Stimulates cancer progression | FBLIM1 | miR-346 | HCC | [95] |
CDR1as | Myocardial infarction; Neural development; anti-oncogenic; stimulates proliferation/metastasis; osteoblastic differentiation insulin secretion; | a) MAGE-A b) HOXB13 c) EGFR CCNE1, PIK3CD, d) GDF5 e) P21 f) PARP, SP1 g) Pax6, Myrip h) Fox | a) miR-876-5p b) miR-7 c) miR-7 d) miR-7 e) miR-135a, -7 f) miR-7 g) miR-7 h) miR-67, -7 | a) ESCC b) Islet cells c) NSCLC d) PDLSC e) Bladder cancer f) Cardiomyocytes g) ESCC h) Neural Tissue | [64,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104] |
circNT5E | Stimulates cancer progression | PIK3CA, NT5E | miR-422a | Glioblastoma | [65] |
circHIPK | Stimulates proliferation/ migration; prevents cancer from progressing; β-cell function | a) AQP3 b) HPSE c) CDK6, ROCK1, d) FZD4, VEGF-C WNT2, e) Mtpn Slc2a2, Akt1, f) FAK, EGFR, IGF1R g) IL6R, DLX2 | a) miR-124 b) miR-558 c) miR-124 d) miR-30a-30 e) miR-124-3p, -338-3p f) miR-7 g) miR-193a, -584, -29b, -654-193a, -124, -379, -152, -338, 29a | Cancer tissues | [63,66,105,106,107,108,109] |
circWDR77 | Stimulates proliferation | FGF2 | miR-124 | VSMC | [67] |
circC1orf116 (circRNA_8924) | Stimulates cancer progression | CBX8 | miR-519-5p, -518d-5p | Cervica tumor cells | [110] |
circITGA7 | Prevents proliferation/metastasis | NF1 | miR-370-3p | CRC | [111] |
circZNF609 | Myoblast differentiation Retinal vascular dysfunction; neurodegeneration | a) MEF2A b) METRN c) BCLAF1 | a) miR-615 b) miR-194-5p c) miR-615 | a) Vascular endothelial b) RGC c) C2C12 | [112,113,114] |
SRY | Determines sex | miR-138 | Testis | [16] |
Circular RNA | Cell Type | Interactions with Protein | Functions | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
circPABPN1 | HeLa | HuR | Inhibits PABPN1 translation | [220] |
circMTO1 | Breast Cancer Cells | TRAF4 | Suppresses proliferation | [221] |
circFOXO3 | Heart Tissues, Non-Cancer Cells | P53, P21, ID-1, FAK, MDM2, HIF1α, CDK2, E2F1 | Induces apoptosis Inhibits cell cycle progression Cardiac senescence | [110,222,223] |
circAMOTL1 | Cardiomyocytes | AKT1, PDK1 | Supports cell survival | [224] |
circSMARCA5 | Glioblastoma | SRSF1 | Suppressor of tumor | [225] |
circDNMT1 | Breast Cancer Cells | Auf1, P53 | Promotes proliferation | [226] |
circANRIL | Vascular Tissues | PES1 | rRNA maturation | [227] |
circHECTD1 | Macrophage | ZC3H12A | Activation of macrophage | [228] |
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Gu, A.; Jaijyan, D.K.; Yang, S.; Zeng, M.; Pei, S.; Zhu, H. Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses. Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9040038
Gu A, Jaijyan DK, Yang S, Zeng M, Pei S, Zhu H. Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses. Non-Coding RNA. 2023; 9(4):38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9040038
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Alison, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Shaomin Yang, Mulan Zeng, Shaokai Pei, and Hua Zhu. 2023. "Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses" Non-Coding RNA 9, no. 4: 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9040038