Retrofitting houses for energy efficiency has become a key priority in government policies, including in the UK. Sustainability improvements can increase property values, which are coined as “Green Premiums”. This is the “Brown Disc...
We ask whether session-return patterns in commodity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) survive trading costs, multiple testing and implementation constraints. For nine U.S.-listed products over 2007–2025, we evaluate 25 session-specific combinations...
The European natural gas market has experienced extreme volatility due to major exogenous shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. This study analyzes short-term price dynamics and volatility in the Dutch TTF mar...
This study develops a reproducible synthetic stress-testing framework for examining regime-sensitive price fragility across three strategic-mineral exposure classes: boron, chromium, and a rare-earth-linked system. Four latent drivers, supply disrupt...
To support systematic carbon-reduction decision-making in integrated steelworks, this study develops a bottom-up framework that combines process-based mechanisms with data-driven regression for the blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–B...
The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) supports the largest tuna fishery in the world and provides most of the global catch of albacore, bigeye, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna. The WCPO tuna fisheries are critical for the development prospects of...
Clear and consistent referencing helps readers follow an argument, recognize its intellectual foundations, and locate the research on which it builds [...]
Digital health commodity networks process billions of transactions annually, yet European health systems exhibit diagnostic lags of 30–180 days between anomalous events and institutional detection. Existing governance architectures are retrospe...
Commodity shocks can generate material cross-border exposure because energy, food, industrial metals, and critical minerals are essential inputs to production and consumption. This article develops a transparent, margin-based screening framework for...
Phosphate rock is an irreplaceable resource for the production of fertilisers, which are essential for global food security. Its extraction is highly concentrated in a limited number of countries and, together with rising demand and ongoing environme...
Energy price shocks have been the main drivers of inflation in Europe during the last decade. This paper examines cross-country differences in the transmission and magnitude of energy supply shocks in the Visegrád Group countries (Poland, Czec...
Commodity prices are notoriously hard to forecast, and whether the returns of commodity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) can be predicted remains an open question. We compare three deep learning models, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit...
Military conflict generates a qualitatively distinct category of market shock that is sudden, geographically concentrated, and channeled directly through physical energy supply routes. This paper examines investor herding and cross-sectional return d...
Carbon has increasingly been incorporated into economic and financial architectures as a tradable commodity within contemporary climate governance. Yet, carbon is not produced, stored, or mobilized in abstract space; it emerges from territorially spe...
This study examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and total energy production in emerging market economies (EMEs) using a balanced panel of 20 countries over the period 2000–2020. Unlike much of the existing literature...
Gold mining firms operate in an environment characterized by substantial commodity price volatility, capital intensity, and long investment horizons. Traditional deterministic financial planning frameworks are insufficient to capture the nonlinear an...
Natural gas markets exhibit violent, non-linear volatility regimes. The 2022 energy crisis introduced persistent supply shocks and cross-Atlantic spillover effects. Traditional valuation models assume single-regime environments; consequently, they sy...
Global supply chain disruptions, most acutely demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, have exposed fundamental tensions between efficiency-oriented design and the adaptive capacity required for resilience. This paper addresses a critical gap in th...
The transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources has emerged as a pressing global issue, driven by concerns over climate change, resource depletion, and the need for sustainable development. This study compares Canada, an energy-rich nat...
This research examines the clustering structure and volatility spillover among steel-related products in monthly data from July 2004 to September 2025. Using various clustering methods, K-means, hierarchical techniques and market network analysis wit...
This review examines the renewed strategic relevance of uranium within the evolving global energy system, emphasizing uranium market dynamics, emerging nuclear technologies, and geopolitical realignments. Moving beyond traditional perspectives that t...
Agricultural seeds are sold as commodities yet seed quality can be non-uniform. Despite the extensive literature showing that plasma treatments of seeds provides advantages for many crops, lettuce studies, particularly in indoor farming systems, are...
Mexican octopus fisheries play an important role in both domestic and international seafood markets, yet little is known about the determinants of retail price in the national frozen octopus sector. This study examines how trade flows and domestic de...
This paper investigates whether participation in Zambia’s social cash transfer programme (SCTP) improves household dietary diversity among ultra-poor rural households. While cash transfers are widely implemented across sub-Saharan Africa as soc...
Poultry price instability remains a critical challenge for food security in Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between poultry price volatility (PPV), exchange rate (LEXR), and inflation (LCPI) from 1991 to 2024 using the Autoregressive Di...
Global critical mineral production patterns differ markedly across the metals needed for advanced energy technologies. This study examines the extraction and processing landscape, in the year 2024, of six key commodities—lithium, cobalt, alumin...
We study one of the world’s largest cattle markets by revisiting and extending previous work on the forecasting of Brazil’s Boi Gordo Index (BGI). Using an updated daily dataset (July 2006–September 2025, inflation-adjusted), we eva...
The Trump administration signalled a shift toward protectionism in U.S. trade policy, imposing tariffs on imports from both strategic partners and competitors, which generated renewed uncertainty in international trade relations and the future of exi...
Price volatility in the South African fresh produce market poses significant risks to the entire value chain. This study examines the extent of price volatility and spillover effects in these markets to improve price risk management and enhance marke...
This study looks at the impact of geopolitical risk on the volatility of wheat futures returns over the period 2012–2023, while controlling for inventories, shipping rates, and speculative activity. Using the volatility of CBOT first nearby fut...
The urgent need to mitigate climate change has elevated green hydrogen as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, while green cryptocurrencies have emerged to address the environmental concerns of traditional cryptocurrency mining. This study inve...
Industrial bio-inputs can improve commodity farming by replacing the use of agrochemicals. To assess the potential of agricultural bio-inputs to contribute to Brazil’s agro-industrial growth, we analyzed the market share held by domestic compan...
Technological advances in laboratory-grown diamonds (LGDs) have eroded the scarcity premium of natural diamonds, raising the question of whether diamonds still function as a safe haven. At the same time, crystalline osmium has become investable for t...
We analyze extreme gold price movements between 1975 and 2025 using Extreme Value Theory (EVT). Using both the Block-Maxima and Peaks-over-Threshold approaches on a daily return basis, we estimate Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) for t...
The global push for electrification and decarbonization has sharply increased demand for critical raw materials—especially lithium and copper—heightening financial and strategic pressures on firms that lead these supply chains. Yet, the s...
Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin can be classified as commodities under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), giving the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) jurisdiction over those cryptocurrencies deemed commodities, particularly in the context...
The objective of this research is to understand the relationship between the tone of information released in government harvest reports, in extreme market conditions (rising and falling), and the behavior of agricultural commodity prices. In the peri...
We study Portugal’s household electricity retail market after legal liberalisation, quantifying market concentration (Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the four-firm concentration ratio (CR4)), consumer switching, and asymmetric wholes...
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Tokyo mango market by combining transaction data from the Ota Fruit Market with Google Mobility indices. In Japan, mangoes are regarded as a luxury fruit, largely dependent on imports...
As global economies accelerate their energy transitions, the photovoltaic sector faces critical challenges linked to material supply, security, and sustainability. Solar-grade silicon, enabling over 90 percent of photovoltaic technologies, has become...
Artisanal fishing is a central pillar of the Angolan economy, particularly in the southern province of Namibe, where it serves as the primary economic activity for numerous coastal communities. However, these communities face significant challenges,...
Gum arabic production is a key source of income for communities in several African countries. Despite this, producing nations capture only a small share of the market value due to weak domestic markets, low price incentives, and limited value-added....
Futures and forward contracts together offer farmers of all sizes important tools for shifting and managing production risk. This risk shifting is particularly apparent in the U.S. grain complex, where the United States also has a significant export...
The enforcement of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) may reduce the supply of natural rubber to the European Union (EU), potentially leading to price increases due to the inelastic nature of rubber demand. This study assesses the pot...
The phenomenon of rising forward price volatility, both historical and implied, as maturity approaches is referred to as the Samuelson effect or maturity effect. Disregarding this effect leads to significant mispricing of early-exercise options, exte...
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant global impacts. In Japan, consumers refrained from going out, and dining out decreased significantly, which strongly affected the restaurant industry and resulted in a shift in food demand from eating out to home...
Weather derivative markets, particularly Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Heating Degree Day (HDD) and Cooling Degree Day (CDD) futures, face challenges from complex temperature dynamics and spatially heterogeneous co-extremes that standard Gaussian...
Oil inventories are essential in alleviating realized and anticipated supply shocks and represent a key market indicator. This study examines the responses of global and country oil inventories to supply shocks under tight and loose market conditions...
In this study, Gaussian process (GP) regression is used to normalize observed commodity data and produce predictions at densely interpolated time intervals. The methodology is applied to an empirical oil price dataset. A Gaussian kernel with data-dep...
The exploitation of the Amazon biome in search of net profit, specifically in the production of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea), has caused deforestation, degradation of natural resources, and high greenhouse gas (GH...
