On 15 September 2022, the Ethereum network adopted a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. We study the impact on the network and competing platforms in a two month event window around the Beacon chain merge. We find that the transition to PoS ha...
Natural resources and ecological services provide the foundation for manufactured capital, increasing public financing and decreasing inequality by diversifying the economy. The exploitation of natural resources is frequently the backbone of economic...
Climate change, soil erosion, and degradation among others affect the growth and production of crops. Soil is suffering from intensive farming and unsustainable soil disturbance, leading to severe soil degradation. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows...
The dynamic structure of electricity markets, where uncertainties abound due to, e.g., demand variations and renewable energy intermittency, poses challenges for market participants. We propose generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate synth...
The main purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review of studies on the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) published over the period 1987–2022. This paper reviewed 76 studies in 58 peer-reviewed journals. The prov...
The present paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between shocks to commodity markets and stock markets. By employing a total volatility connectedness measure, we study the relationship between shocks to oil, gold, copper, and agri...
The Seychelles blue bond is an innovative finance mechanism that has played a pivotal role in shaping the global landscape of blue bonds. Seychelles leadership in the blue economy sets a significant precedent. However, this precedent has also raised...
It is widely recognized that climate change makes the weather more erratic. As the combination of temperature and precipitation is a major driver of grain crop productivity, more frequent extreme rainfalls and heat waves, flooding and drought tend to...
(Background) Raspberry (R. idaeus L.) is very popular with consumers around the world for its intense flavor, attractive appearance, and health benefits. In recent years, interest in healthy eating and natural products has increased, and raspberry fi...
The transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources has emerged as a pressing global issue, driven by concerns over climate change, resource depletion, and the need for sustainable development. This study compares Canada, an energy-rich nat...
Evaluation of market connectedness and asymmetric volatility spillover has recently seen a surge in financial risk analytics and portfolio diversification. We carried out a meta-literature review on connectedness and spillovers, providing solid insig...
This study evaluates the efficiency of China’s seven emission trading schemes (ETS) piloted in 2013. We evaluate seven pilots’ overall technical and scale efficiencies and temporal dynamics during 2014–2023. We use a bootstrap corre...
As global economies accelerate their energy transitions, the photovoltaic sector faces critical challenges linked to material supply, security, and sustainability. Solar-grade silicon, enabling over 90 percent of photovoltaic technologies, has become...
This paper offers an in-depth exploration into the intricate world of decentralized digital assets (DDAs), shedding light on their categorization as currencies, commodities, or securities. Building on foundational cases such as SEC v. Howey, the anal...
The challenges climate change poses require careful consideration and addressing within specific industries. In the mining context, climate change introduces potential limitations to the sustainable sourcing of minerals, thereby amplifying the critic...
Utilizing the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s Commitment of Traders report, we examine the behavior of traders in three large agricultural futures markets (corn, soybean, and wheat) when prices are at a key technical trading level—...
The UK milk market has faced major economic difficulties over the last 20 years, seeing the smallest milk producers exit the industry. The key objective of this study is to examine price transmission within the UK milk market to understand the market...
Gum arabic production is a key source of income for communities in several African countries. Despite this, producing nations capture only a small share of the market value due to weak domestic markets, low price incentives, and limited value-added....
We use a robust measure of non-linear dependence, the Gerber cross-correlation statistic, to study the cross-dependence between the returns on Bitcoin and a set of commodities, namely wheat, gold, platinum and crude oil WTI. The Gerber statistic enab...
Lithium has emerged as a key commodity in the clean energy transition, with demand for the mineral set to soar as low-carbon technologies grow more advanced and widely deployed. Under the motto of the energy transition and a decarbonization of the ec...
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis conducted in R Studio of the scientific landscape regarding commodity markets, trading strategies, sustainable production, integration of technologies such as machine learning, and their econo...
This study examined the rearing and management methods, financial profitability, and consumer perceptions towards safe broiler production in Bangladesh. Employing stratified random sampling, 60 participants (30 farmers and 30 consumers) from two sub-...
Real assets in the energy market are subject to ecological uncertainty due to the penetration of renewables. We illustrate this point by analyzing electrolyzers, a class of assets that recently became the subject of large interest, as they lead to th...
Conventional seafood production contributes to some of the most alarming global problems we face at present, such as the destabilization of aquatic ecosystems, human health risks, and serious concerns for the welfare of trillions of aquatic animals e...
Global critical mineral production patterns differ markedly across the metals needed for advanced energy technologies. This study examines the extraction and processing landscape, in the year 2024, of six key commodities—lithium, cobalt, alumin...
This paper examines the relationship between commodity index returns and the Office of Financial Research Financial Stress Index (OFR FSI). Utilizing the S&P GSCI and its five sub-indices (agriculture, livestock, energy, industrial metals, and pr...
The pandemic crisis of COVID-19 hit the financial markets like a shockwave on 16 March 2020. This paper attempts to capture which ‘safe assets’ asset managers could have fled during the first wave of the pandemic. From an investment manag...
The objective of the present research was to determine the external influence of the grain trade, i.e., the influence of Ukraine’s grain trade through Romania on price levels recorded at Romania’s borders. The research methods to achieve...
Industrial bio-inputs can improve commodity farming by replacing the use of agrochemicals. To assess the potential of agricultural bio-inputs to contribute to Brazil’s agro-industrial growth, we analyzed the market share held by domestic compan...
Debt-for-nature instruments are financial transactions that allow countries to restructure and reduce foreign debt in exchange for investments in environmental conservation measures. Can debt-for-nature instruments attract more capital for biodiversi...
Brazil is a resource-rich economy that relies heavily on the exports of several important commodities. The variability of commodity prices affects both the economy and the stock market. This study investigates the relationship between commodity price...
The focus of this investigation was to examine the effects of energy consumption, agricultural commerce, and productivity on CO2 emissions in Nigeria using quantile regression. Time series data from 1960 to 2021 were used. The findings revealed that...
Uncertain price movement in staple food commodities puts agrarian economies at risk if not monitored and managed consistently. Hence, an attempt has been made to analyze the price behavior and integration across major wholesale and retail markets for...
The COVID-19 pandemic, with increased home cooking and decreased restaurant dining, significantly altered seafood consumption patterns. By applying an ordered logit model to identify factors affecting seafood consumption during the pandemic, this stu...
Innovation and technology are important tools for delivering efficiency and productivity improvement in the minerals sector. The uptake of technologies has proven to be an important lever for increasing the productivity of the mining sector. This pap...
This study analyzes the market efficiency of crude oil markets, namely Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI), during three different periods: pre-COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and during the ongoing Russia–Ukraine military conflict....
Poultry price instability remains a critical challenge for food security in Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between poultry price volatility (PPV), exchange rate (LEXR), and inflation (LCPI) from 1991 to 2024 using the Autoregressive Di...
We examine how LNG carrier port congestion in European ports, measured via detailed vessel-level AIS data, affects euro area energy inflation. As energy inflation significantly affects headline inflation, this study provides an additional factor that...
The effect of trade-related government expenditure on backward and forward participation in global value chains (GVCs) is at the heart of the present analysis. The latter builds on an unbalanced panel dataset of 74 developing countries over the annua...
Using quarterly data for the 2002–2022 period, we estimate the output and inflation effects of several commodity prices (agricultural raw materials, crude oil, and metals) for 8 Eastern European countries with different exchange rate regimes. T...
Gold prices have been of major interest for a lot of investors, analysts, and economists. Accordingly, a number of different modeling approaches have been used to forecast gold prices. In this manuscript, the geometric Brownian motion approach, used...
Understanding long-term agricultural productivity is essential for designing agricultural policies, planning and targeting other economic policies (e.g., industrial policy), and managing agricultural business models. In a developing and oil-rich coun...
Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs finance energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements to residential and commercial properties with a special tax assessment added to property taxes. This paper surveys the literature and documents...
This study aims at examining whether hedging emerging Eastern Europe stock markets with commodities sectors can help in reducing market risks and whether it has the same effectiveness among different sectors. As an attempt to achieve this goal, we op...
This paper examines the relevancy of price measurement for characterizing the relation between real oil prices and real exchange rates. The current empirical literature shows a consensus on using the U.S. CPI to deflate the nominal oil price simply b...
Gold mining firms operate in an environment characterized by substantial commodity price volatility, capital intensity, and long investment horizons. Traditional deterministic financial planning frameworks are insufficient to capture the nonlinear an...
Increasing levels of carbon emissions have been a growing concern worldwide because of their adverse environmental effects. In that context, this paper examines the association between different categories of trade and carbon dioxide emissions. In pa...
The natural resource commodity price paradox is a phenomenon that has been observed in the past. The price of a commodity constantly and unpredictably fluctuates. This phenomenon makes it difficult for businesses to plan for future needs and investme...
Secondhand clothing has undergone a significant transformation from a vital household asset in the pre-industrial era to a dynamic segment of global trade in the 21st century. However, the advent of fast fashion has led to overproduction and mass con...
Oil inventories are essential in alleviating realized and anticipated supply shocks and represent a key market indicator. This study examines the responses of global and country oil inventories to supply shocks under tight and loose market conditions...
