Applied Sciences

The growing demand for healthier food options has accelerated the development of innovative fat-replacement strategies in spreadable products. Oleogels are semi-solid systems formed by structuring edible oils. Recently, these systems have emerged as a promising solution for reducing saturated fat content without compromising product quality, texture, or sensory attributes. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, supplemented by a bibliometric analysis. Research was identified through searches in Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, Springer, MDPI, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on original research articles in English involving food-sector applications of oleogels and aerogels in sweet spreads. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed by two independent reviewers based on methodological relevance and data integrity. Results were synthesized through a narrative approach and bibliometric mapping. After screening 490 records, 34 original research articles were included. Bibliometric data highlighted a clear trend shifting from foundational lipid structuring research in 2020 toward complex, product-specific functional applications by 2024. Overall, the results suggest that these structured systems are viable replacements for traditional saturated fats, providing comparable spreadability and stability. Funding: This work was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2022-10-1960. This systematic review was not registered in a public database.

The early mechanical properties of a cement sheath are not good when the temperature of the oil and gas wells is low, and it is easily damaged. The rice husk-derived graphene-like (RCG) materials were used to improve the mechanical properties of oil well cement-based composite materials. The rice husk-derived graphene-like materials were prepared using agricultural waste rice husks with a lower cost. The rice husk-derived graphene-like materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the rice husk-derived graphene-like materials on the mechanical properties and microstructure of oil well cement was studied. The results show that the prepared graphene-like materials are a type of multi-layer graphene with certain defects. The compressive strength of the cement sample after curing for 28 days increases by 35.58%; its flexural strength increases by 25.33%, and its impact strength increases by 40.94% with 0.06 wt% of the graphene-like materials. The graphene-like materials derived from rice husks do not lead to the generation of a new hydration product in oil well cement. It mainly enhances the mechanical properties of cement paste by affecting hydration crystallization. This article provides a reference for studying the improvement of mechanical properties of oil well cement-based composites using eco-friendly materials.

Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of static computer-guided, flapless implant surgery in partially edentulous patients, comparing the virtually planned and clinically achieved implant positions. Materials and Methods: From 2017 to 2022, 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) received a total of 129 implants across 59 partial rehabilitations, with 62 implants placed in the maxilla and 67 in the mandible. All interventions were performed by a single experienced operator using dental-supported stereolithographic guides and a flapless protocol. The discrepancy between planned and actual implant positions was measured using reverse engineering software, assessing linear deviations at the implant Platform (coronal) and apex, as well as angular deviations. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the jaw (maxilla vs. mandible) and the type of surgical guide support (Kennedy classes I–IV). Results: The mean linear deviation was 1.16 ± 0.58 mm at the apex and 0.80 ± 0.41 mm at the implant Platform (coronal). The mean angular deviation was 3.23° ± 1.86°. Slightly higher deviations were observed in the mandible than in the maxilla. Group-wise analysis showed minor variations depending on the type of guide support. Conclusions: Static computer-guided surgery demonstrated measurable linear and angular deviations between planned and achieved implant positions. These discrepancies should be considered during treatment planning, especially in narrow ridges or Class I configurations.