The skull base provides a platform for supporting the brain while serving as a conduit for major neurovascular structures. In addition to malignant lesions originating in the skull base, there are many benign entities and developmental variants that...
Medical image segmentation is a critical application of computer vision in the analysis of medical images. Its primary objective is to isolate regions of interest in medical images from the background, thereby assisting clinicians in accurately ident...
Calcified lung nodules are frequently encountered on chest imaging, often as incidental findings. While calcifications are typically associated with benign conditions, they do not inherently exclude malignancy, making accurate differentiation essenti...
Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of variant sciatic nerve anatomy in relation to the piriformis muscle on magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), in patients with lumbosacral neuropathic symptoms. Materials and Methods: In...
Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is a multiphase CT examination optimized for imaging kidneys, ureters, and bladder, complemented by post-contrast excretory phase imaging. Different protocols are available for contrast administration and image acq...
This review has the purpose of illustrating schematically and comprehensively the key concepts for the beginner who approaches chest radiology for the first time. The approach to thoracic imaging may be challenging for the beginner due to the wide sp...
Interlobular septa thickening (ILST) is a common and easily recognized feature on computed tomography (CT) images in many lung disorders. ILST thickening can be smooth (most common), nodular, or irregular. Smooth ILST can be seen in pulmonary edema,...
With the increasing dominance of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the important prospects for their application have extended to various medical fields, including domains such as in vitro diagnosis, intelligent rehabilitation, medical imaging...
Imaging of the temporal bone and middle ear is challenging for radiologists due to the abundance of distinct anatomical structures and the plethora of possible pathologies. The basis for a precise diagnosis is knowledge of the underlying anatomy as w...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts leading to the formation of multifocal strictures alternated to bile duct dilatations. The diagn...
Functional MRI is a well-established tool used for pre-surgical planning to help the neurosurgeon have a roadmap of critical functional areas that should be avoided, if possible, during surgery to minimize morbidity for patients with brain tumors (th...
The 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of brain tumors incorporated the rapid advances in the molecular, genetic, and pathogenesis understanding of brain tumor pathogenesis, behavior, and treatment response. It revolutionized brain t...
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of symptoms caused by the compression of neurovascular structures of the superior thoracic outlet. The knowledge of its clinical presentation with specific symptoms, as well as proper imaging examinations, ra...
Objectives: This scoping review was conducted to determine the barriers and enablers associated with the acceptance of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-enabled innovations into radiology practice from a physician’s perspective....
This review examines the latest advancements in compositional and quantitative cartilage MRI techniques, addressing both their potential and challenges. The integration of these advancements promises to improve disease detection, treatment monitoring...
Computed tomography (CT) is used in a wide range of medical imaging diagnoses. However, the reconstruction of CT images from raw projection data is inherently complex and is subject to artifacts and noise, which compromises image quality and accuracy...
Background: There is little information regarding the size measurement differences in gallbladder (GB) polyps performed by different radiologists on abdominal ultrasonography (US). Aim: To reveal the differences in GB polyp size measurements performe...
Anal cancer is a rare disease, but its incidence has been increasing steadily. Primary staging and assessment after chemoradiation therapy are commonly performed using MRI, which is considered to be the preferred imaging modality. CT and PET/CT are u...
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an international standard that defines a format for storing medical images and a protocol to enable and facilitate data communication among medical imaging systems. The DICOM standard has been...
Introduction: Conus medullaris syndrome (CMS) is a distinctive spinal cord injury (SCI), which presents with varying degrees of upper motor neuron signs (UMNS) and lower motor neuron signs (LMNS). Herein, we present a case with a burst fracture injur...
The utilization of extended reality (ER) has been increasingly explored in the medical field over the past ten years. A comprehensive analysis of scientific publications was conducted to assess the applications of ER in the field of diagnostic imagin...
The availability of high-fidelity animal models for oncology research has grown enormously in recent years, enabling preclinical studies relevant to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer to be undertaken. This has led to increased opportunit...
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive bedside imaging technique that provides real-time lung ventilation information on critically ill patients. EIT can potentially become a valuable tool for optimising mechanical ventilation, espec...
Background: Obese individuals have a higher risk of degenerative disc disease (DDD). Currently, body mass index is not sensitive enough to differentiate between muscle and fat distribution, and obesity-related health issues are linked to the way body...
Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of non-calcified plaque (NCP) on computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. In addition, we seek to compare plaque assessment on CCTA with intravascular ultrasound&...
Employing the full arsenal of therapeutics to treat brain tumors is limited by the relative impermeability of the blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers. In physiologic states, the blood–brain barrier serves a protective role by passi...
Dual-energy CT (DECT) is an innovative technology that is increasingly widespread in clinical practice. DECT allows for tissue characterization beyond that of conventional CT as imaging is performed using different energy spectra that can help differ...
Accurate assessment of N staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critical for the development of effective treatment plans, the optimization of therapeutic strategies, and the enhancement of patient survival rates. This study p...
The concept of ‘brain age’, derived from neuroimaging data, serves as a crucial biomarker reflecting cognitive vitality and neurodegenerative trajectories. In the past decade, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) integration has t...
Evaluating altered mental status and suspected meningeal disorders in children often begins with imaging, typically before a lumbar puncture. The challenge is that meningeal enhancement is a common finding across a range of pathologies, making diagno...
The choroid is the most vascularized structure of the eye and it is fundamental for the trophism of the outer retina. Its proper functioning and homeostasis represent key points in maintaining normal retinal physiology. Choroidal alterations may be i...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging is becoming increasingly considered since its first applications, which occurred almost 30 years ago. Particular emphasis was placed on studies that use this technique to investigate soft tissues, which cannot otherwise b...
In recent years, Artificial Intelligence has been used to assist healthcare professionals in detecting and diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we propose a methodology to analyze functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging signals and per...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and complications resulting from temporal bone fractures in adult and pediatric patients evaluated for cranio-facial trauma in an emergency setting. Methods: A retrospective blinded...
The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge has been a main driver of the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms and provides by far the largest publicly available expert-annotated brain tumour dataset but contains solely preoperative examin...
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that affects the liver in more than 70% of cases, and there is still an underestimated incidence in endemic areas. With a peculiar clinical presentation that ranges from paucisymptomatic illness t...
Compared with traditional invasive coronary angiography (ICA), coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has the advantages of being rapid, economical, and minimally invasive. The wide-detector CT, with its superior temporal resolution and robust three-dimensio...
There is a need to develop user-friendly imaging tools estimating robust quantitative biomarkers (QIBs) from multiparametric (mp)MRI for clinical applications in oncology. Quantitative metrics derived from (mp)MRI can monitor and predict early respon...
This review is focused on the current status of quantitative MRI (qMRI) of skeletal muscle. The first section covers the techniques of qMRI in muscle with the focus on each quantitative parameter, the corresponding imaging sequence, discussion of the...
The success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is influenced by various factors, including stone density, and is determined through computed tomography scans in terms of Hounsfield units (HU). Materials and Methods: This retrospecti...
This study reviews the two most important and frequently used systems of tomography used in dentistry today. These are the dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The importance of the DPR has been accentuated by t...
Whether diurnal variation exists in quantitative MRI indices such as the T1rho relaxation time (T1ρ) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is yet to be explored. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diurnal variation in T1ρ, apparent diffu...
Computed tomography (CT) arthrography is a quickly available imaging modality to investigate elbow disorders. Its excellent spatial resolution enables the detection of subtle pathologic changes of intra-articular structures, which makes this techniqu...
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Current screening regimens and clinical breast cancer risk assessment models use risk factors such as demographics and patient history to guide policy and assess ris...
Introduction: Imaging surveillance of contrast-enhancing lesions after the treatment of malignant brain tumors with radiation is plagued by an inability to reliably distinguish between tumor recurrence and treatment effects. Magnetic resonance perfus...
Background: As a diagnostic radiology procedure, computed tomography (CT) contributes to patient radiation exposure; hence, it deserves special consideration. The use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is an efficient way to optimize patient radia...
The aim of this study is to report the authors’ experience of percutaneous transarterial embolization (TAE) in patients with spontaneous soft tissue hematomas (SSTH) and active bleeding with anticoagulation impairment. The study retrospectively...
Targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) is an emerging field in anticancer therapeutics with great potential across tumor types and stages of disease. While much progress has focused on agents targeting somatostatin receptors and prostate-specific membran...
Background: Endovascular intervention is now the primary line of therapy for arterial injury brought on by pelvic trauma since it can significantly reduce considerable morbidity associated with surgery and can swiftly access and control bleeding site...
Dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) is an emerging modality and provides fully three-dimensional (3D) images of the uncompressed breast at an isotropic voxel resolution. In an effort to translate this modality to breast cancer scre...
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