Imaging of Pathologies of the Temporal Bone and Middle Ear: Inflammatory Diseases, Their Mimics and Potential Complications—Pictorial Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction, Anatomy and Clinical Features
2. Imaging
3. Clinical Features and Differential Diagnoses
3.1. External Auditory Canal
3.1.1. Otitis Externa Maligna
3.1.2. Cholesteatoma of the External Ear Canal
3.1.3. Auditory Canal Exostosis
3.1.4. Keratosis Obturans
3.2. Middle Ear and Mastoid
3.2.1. Acute/Chronic Otitis Media
3.2.2. (Oto-)Mastoiditis
3.2.3. Tympanosclerosis
3.2.4. Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear
3.2.5. Cholesterol Granuloma
3.3. Inner Ear
3.3.1. Tympanogenic Labyrinthitis
3.3.2. Otogene Purulent Meningitis
4. Complications
4.1. Gradenigo’s Syndrome
4.2. Intracerebral Abscess/Emphysema/Meningitis
4.3. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
4.4. Otitic Hydrocephalus
4.5. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid space |
CT | computed tomography |
DWI | diffusion weighted imaging |
EAC | external auditory canal |
EACC | external ear canal cholesteatoma |
EPI | echo planar imaging |
FLAIR | Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery |
HE | heamatoxylin-eosin |
HU | Hounsfield units |
MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
RHS | Ramsay Hunt syndrome |
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External auditory canal | |
Middle ear and mastoid | |
Inner ear |
Localization | Ossicular Displacement | Extension to Mastoid Antrum | |
---|---|---|---|
Pars flaccida cholesteatoma | Prussak’s space | Medial | Lateral to incus |
Pars tensa cholesteatoma | Posterosuperior retraction | Lateral | Medial to incus |
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Kloth, C.; Beck, A.; Sollmann, N.; Beer, M.; Horger, M.; Thaiss, W.M. Imaging of Pathologies of the Temporal Bone and Middle Ear: Inflammatory Diseases, Their Mimics and Potential Complications—Pictorial Review. Tomography 2023, 9, 2190-2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography9060170
Kloth C, Beck A, Sollmann N, Beer M, Horger M, Thaiss WM. Imaging of Pathologies of the Temporal Bone and Middle Ear: Inflammatory Diseases, Their Mimics and Potential Complications—Pictorial Review. Tomography. 2023; 9(6):2190-2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography9060170
Chicago/Turabian StyleKloth, Christopher, Annika Beck, Nico Sollmann, Meinrad Beer, Marius Horger, and Wolfgang Maximilian Thaiss. 2023. "Imaging of Pathologies of the Temporal Bone and Middle Ear: Inflammatory Diseases, Their Mimics and Potential Complications—Pictorial Review" Tomography 9, no. 6: 2190-2210. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography9060170