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Article

Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study

by
Abdallah Saud Alharbi
1,
Moawia Gameraddin
2,3,*,
Awadia Gareeballah
2,3,
Zahra Jibril Shrwani
1,
Moa’ath Abdullah Sindi
1,
Hassan Ibrahim Alsaedi
4,
Abdulaziz A. Qurashi
2,
Khalid M. Aloufi
2,
Abdullah Fahad A. Alshamrani
2 and
Amel F. Alzain
2
1
Medical Imaging Department, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah 42210, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum 13311, Sudan
4
Medical Imaging Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tomography 2024, 10(1), 90-100; https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10010008
Submission received: 23 October 2023 / Revised: 6 January 2024 / Accepted: 9 January 2024 / Published: 11 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Abdominal Imaging)
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Abstract

The success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is influenced by various factors, including stone density, and is determined through computed tomography scans in terms of Hounsfield units (HU). Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted in the King Fahad Hospital. Sixty-seven adult patients with renal and ureteric stones were selected randomly and enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged from 20 to 69 years. The patients were examined with non-contrast enhancement (NCCT) to assess the HU of their stones and were consequently treated with ESWL. Results: Of the 67 patients, 37.3% had stones that were completely fragmented, while 62.7% had stones that were partially fragmented. The HU, location of the stone, multiplicity of the stone, and patient age were found to be significant factors contributing to stone fragility (p-values < 0.05). The HU data were found to have a positive significant linear correlation with serum calcium (r = 0.28, p-value = 0.036), while serum acid had a negative correlation (r = −0.55, p-value < 0.001). Thus, the probability of calcium-containing stone formation increases with increased HU. In contrast, uric acid stone formation likely develops with decreasing HU with serum uric acid. Renal stones in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were not completely fragmented compared to those without clinical history. Conclusions: Mean HU, location of the stone, laterality, stone status, and the number of ESWL sessions are the most significant factors affecting stone fragility. CT attenuation values can predict the composition of stones from serum calcium and uric acid examinations. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for renal stone fragmentation.
Keywords: fragmentation; CT number; renal stones; ESWL; serum calcium; uric acid fragmentation; CT number; renal stones; ESWL; serum calcium; uric acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alharbi, A.S.; Gameraddin, M.; Gareeballah, A.; Shrwani, Z.J.; Sindi, M.A.; Alsaedi, H.I.; Qurashi, A.A.; Aloufi, K.M.; Alshamrani, A.F.A.; Alzain, A.F. Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study. Tomography 2024, 10, 90-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10010008

AMA Style

Alharbi AS, Gameraddin M, Gareeballah A, Shrwani ZJ, Sindi MA, Alsaedi HI, Qurashi AA, Aloufi KM, Alshamrani AFA, Alzain AF. Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study. Tomography. 2024; 10(1):90-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10010008

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alharbi, Abdallah Saud, Moawia Gameraddin, Awadia Gareeballah, Zahra Jibril Shrwani, Moa’ath Abdullah Sindi, Hassan Ibrahim Alsaedi, Abdulaziz A. Qurashi, Khalid M. Aloufi, Abdullah Fahad A. Alshamrani, and Amel F. Alzain. 2024. "Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study" Tomography 10, no. 1: 90-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10010008

APA Style

Alharbi, A. S., Gameraddin, M., Gareeballah, A., Shrwani, Z. J., Sindi, M. A., Alsaedi, H. I., Qurashi, A. A., Aloufi, K. M., Alshamrani, A. F. A., & Alzain, A. F. (2024). Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study. Tomography, 10(1), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10010008

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