2026 May - 134 articles
Background/Objectives: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) may occur early in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), but pulmonary function testing is often deferred until clinical stabilization and may be limited by poor cooperation. Early...
Background: Dental caries remain a major public health issue among Italian children, with prevalence exceeding 60% in specific subgroups and marked socioeconomic gradients. Objectives: This multicenter study aimed to describe baseline caries experien...
Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) represents a group of rare systemic autoimmune disorders marked by inflammation and damage to small- and medium-sized blood vessels. The clinical presentation of AAV i...
Objectives: We aimed to assess fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and spirometry in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and relate these parameters to disease activity, duration, and current treatment. Methods: This prospecti...
Background: Severe asthma exacerbations remain a major cause of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, particularly in early childhood. Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, clinical features, management strategies, and sh...
Background/Objectives: The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unclear, partly because of differences in diagnostic criteria and measurement accuracy. Additionally, spinopelvic align...
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, severity and treatment needs of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among a cohort of children in Lebanon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Akkar district in northern...
Background/Objectives: Advances in paediatric care have increased the survival of children with severe neurological impairment, often accompanied by complex disability, multimorbidity, and a substantial treatment burden. Determining whether intervent...
Background/Objectives: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare condition that may present with feeding difficulties in infancy, often becoming evident during weaning. We report a case of CES presenting with progressive dysphagia during the int...
Objective: In addition to hyperoxia, inflammation and infection contribute to the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, the differential effects of specific bacterial pathogens on ROP development remain unclear. This study aimed...
Background/Objectives: Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and acute bronchiolitis, a leading cause of hospitalization in early childhood, remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. Methods: This retrospecti...
Background/Objectives: The impact of postnatal CMV infection in extremely premature newborns is poorly characterized. We aimed to determine the impact and outcomes of postnatal CMV infection in a population of extremely premature newborns of gestatio...
Background/Objectives: This study aims to compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and their parents with that of an age- and caries-matched control group, and to evaluate the lo...
Background/Aim: While improvements in oral health can sometimes lead to improvements in systemic diseases, certain systemic diseases such as heart disease require consideration during dental treatment. In clinical pediatric dentistry, dental professi...
Background/Objectives: Postoperative agitation (PA) and postoperative pain in pediatric patients following sevoflurane anesthesia are challenging clinical scenarios. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion...
Objective: Rapid-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (rMRI) has emerged as a radiation-free alternative to computed tomography (CT) in pediatric neuroimaging. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility, clinical consequences, and subgroup-sp...
Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain represents a frequent and increasingly recognized health issue during adolescence. During this developmental phase, daily habits such as prolonged sitting, sedentary behaviors and the adoption of non-neutra...
Background/Objectives: Auditory processing disorders (APDs), defined as impaired neural processing of acoustic stimuli despite normal peripheral hearing, often co-occur with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and may contribute to language, attentio...
Background and aims: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease among children. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia among pediatric patients with AD and to characterize the clinical and...
Background/Objectives: Children born very preterm (VP) are at increased risk of later emotional and cognitive difficulties, including anxiety symptoms during childhood. Altered early brain development, particularly within subcortical circuits involve...
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but life-threatening condition in children, with hereditary forms often being linked to mutations in genes such as bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and potass...
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is an essential, evolving component of care for children with serious, complex, life-threatening, or life-limiting conditions [...]
Background/Objectives: Child temperament and mastery motivation are key factors for future child competencies. Therefore, two purposes of this study were: (1) to compare temperament characteristics in children with global developmental delay (GDD) an...
Background/Objectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic inflammatory condition that may impose a systemic burden in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental caries severity, classified by dmft (decayed,...
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory dermatosis that is characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and age-dependent clinical heterogeneity. Accurately diagnosing AD remains challenging due to the absence of specific bioma...
Background: Cardiac tamponade (CT) is a rare but life-threatening medical emergency caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, impairing cardiac filling and reducing output. More than 20% of CT cases are iatrogenic. CT is a recognized compl...
Background/Objectives: The optimal timing of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) is controversial. Early resection may reduce inflammation and scarring secondary to respiratory infections, but contemporary practice patterns...
Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the demographics and injury patterns of children with transportation-related non-fatal injuries occurring on public roads, streets and highways using a nationwide emergency department (E...
Background: Digital gaming is an integral part of children’s everyday lives and may relate to both cognitive development and psychosocial well-being. Although computational thinking is considered a key skill for navigating digital environments,...
Objectives: Parental health literacy plays a pivotal role in shaping caregiving practices and influencing their children’s health. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze studies examining health literacy among parents raising children...
Background/Objectives: Foreign-body aspiration (FBA) is a common and largely preventable pediatric emergency, yet current safety standards and risk assessments rely predominantly on object size and on anecdotal descriptions and bronchoscopy findings....
Among the many complications that can occur in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), several studies have suspected an increased risk of cancer. While the effect of SCD on solid tumors remains unclear, multiple studies support a higher incidenc...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for future cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle modification is recommended as first-line therapy. However, real-world longitudinal evidence on the effectiveness of repe...
Background: Cannabis legalization has raised concerns regarding its potential influence on injury patterns, particularly among children. However, evidence on pediatric trauma remains limited. Objective: To examine trends in pediatric trauma incidence...
Background/Objectives: This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of two commonly used diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview...
Objectives: We aimed to implement a multi-modal resuscitation curriculum that first focuses on mastering individual skills, followed by team communication training, and study its effect on adherence to neonatal resuscitation steps, including effectiv...
Objective: Youth mental health has become a global public health priority, with psychological distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms increasing sharply over the last decade. Numerous interventions, ranging from mindfulness-based and cognitive beh...
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare and devastating condition affecting infants and children, characterized by progressive intimal hyperplasia, myofibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition, leading to pulmonary hypertension an...
Background: The neonatal period involves rapid physiological adaptation and high vulnerability to painful stimuli, especially in NICU-admitted infants. Neonates have the neurophysiological capacity for nociception, and repeated pain exposure may impa...
Background/Objectives: Valgus deformities of the knee and ankle are frequently diagnosed during adolescence. Hemiepiphysiodesis (HED) using the tension-plate technique has become the standard approach for guided growth in both joints. Notably, valgus...
Background/Objectives: Skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion is frequently treated with functional appliances, yet their impact on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures, specifically the articular disc, remains debated. This s...
Objectives: To investigate the possible association between nasal obstruction and maxillary constriction using postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms in nontreated adolescents. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed b...
Background/Objectives: Children and young people (CYP) with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) are at greater risk of psychosocial difficulties. Systematic reviews on adults with LTCs have supported acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in...
Background: To investigate the risk factors for and prognostic implications of massive blood loss during posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) in pediatric patients with scoliosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medi...
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common pulmonary complication in children with sickle cell disease, defined by a new pulmonary infiltrate on imaging accompanied by fever and/or respiratory symptoms. ACS pathophysiology is multifactorial and incomplet...
Background: Cardiac channelopathies are rare but potentially life-threatening disorders that may present with syncope or seizure-like episodes in children, often leading to misdiagnosis and delayed recognition. Other arrhythmia-associated cardiac con...
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly worldwide and is associated with substantial infant morbidity and mortality. This narrative review synthesizes evidence linking CHD to alterations in the gut microbiome across neona...
Background/Objectives: While premature ventricular contraction (PVC) burden is clearly linked to cardiomyopathy in adults, its association with ventricular dysfunction in children remains less well established. This study investigated the myocardial...
Background/Objectives: Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), frequently associated with monogenic defects, is increasingly recognized worldwide but remains poorly characterized in Vietnam. This study aimed to characterize the clinica...
Background: Infants discharged home from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often have multiple ongoing medical needs. The Coached, Coordinated, Enhanced Neonatal Transition (CCENT) program provides nurse navigator-led support for caregivers of hi...
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