2025 May - 143 articles
Classical Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, resulting in a devastating phenotype associated with a lack of gene expression control. Mouse models lacking Mecp2 expression with an RTT-like pheno...
Thyroid organoids, three-dimensional in vitro models derived from stem cells, have emerged as a powerful tool for studying thyroid development, function, and disease mechanisms. These organoids recapitulate the key aspects of the thyroid gland, inclu...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder affecting 1 in 100 people in the United States. Pediatric IBD (PIBD) is estimated to impact 15 per 10...
The HRD (Homologous Recombination Deficiency) test is considered a genomic alteration useful for guiding therapeutic decisions in patients with ovarian cancer. Some commercial and in house alternative “academic” tests are available. Recen...
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are e ssential for shaping action potentials and rely on anionic lipids for proper gating, yet the mechanistic basis of lipid–channel interactions remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy studies suggest t...
Cathepsins are protease enzymes vital for normal physiological functions, such as digestion, coagulation, hormone secretion, bone resorption, apoptosis, autophagy, and both innate and adaptive immunity. Their altered expression and/or activity is ass...
Iron deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension; nevertheless, its role and clinical significance in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the role and molecu...
Although 60% of AML patients respond well to standard chemotherapy, most patients eventually relapse, develop chemoresistance, and do not survive more than five years. Targeted therapies, including analogs of imiquimod belonging to the family of imiq...
TWIK-related K+ (TREK-1) channels are involved in pain perception and their pharmacological activation has potential for pain relief. The development of new pharmacological tools to study these channels and enrich our knowledge of structure–act...
Aging involves immune system deterioration (immunosenescence) and increased oxidative stress, both associated with morbidity and mortality. Menopause accelerates aging, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate its effects in postmenopausal wo...
Oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and/or inflammation is considered to play an important role in ischemic stroke injury. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to protect both oligodendrocytes and neur...
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems, and its pathogenesis involves multiple aspects, including abnormal interleukin (IL)-23–Th17 axis, dysfunction of Tregs and other immune cells, and a...
Artemisia schmidtiana Maxim., a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is renowned for its extensive ethnomedicinal applications and distinctive aromatic qualities. This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and inhibitor...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. AF is associated with a deficiency in nitric oxide (NO) production, which contributes to disturbances in the electrical and mechanical function of the atrial myocardium. NO donors are...
A characteristic of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes, leading to TNBC heterogeneity and treatment resistance in patients. TNBC exhibits high methylation rates, leading to the silencing of num...
This Commentary is intended to start a discussion in the field of calcification/ossification related to osteogenesis. It highlights that two types of bone formation, static osteogenesis (SO) and dynamic osteogenesis (DO), are temporally followed by e...
Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors often develop long-term neurological deficits, but its long-term impact on vulnerable brain regions and neurological outcomes remains unclear. In a previous CA model with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, we fo...
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose problems for infection prevention and treatment, so developing new procedures or substances against infection is mandatory. Silver nanomaterials are among the more promising antibacterial agents. Herein, we describe...
Topiramate evokes pharmacological activity via a blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels, reduction in glutamate release, inhibition of AMPA receptors and kainate receptors, and potentiation of GABAergic neurotransmission. Therefore, it is used...
The cornea, a highly innervated and avascular ocular tissue, relies on intricate neuro-immune interactions to maintain homeostasis. Among key neuromediators, substance P (SP)—a neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family—plays a dual role in corn...
Dysfunction of the lysosome and autophagy–lysosome pathway is closely associated with various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), etc. Additionally, chloroquine is a clinically widely used dr...
Tropomodulin (Tmod) is an actin-binding protein that interacts with tropomyosin and the actin filament at the pointed end. The influence of Tmod on the thin filament activation in the myocardium is not clear. We studied the interactions of Tmod1 and...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a metabolic disease characterised by the accumulation of fat in the liver. It is estimated that 30–38% of the world’s adult population have MASLD, making it the most prev...
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold recognized prognostic value in various cancers, including breast cancer, where their presence correlates with survival outcomes. However, the typical 24 h window for blood processing and CTC isolation poses a logis...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly challenging malignancy to treat, with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. Despite advances in cancer research, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with PDA is often poor due to la...
R-loops are nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA-DNA hybrid (RDH) duplex and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which are fundamentally involved in key biological functions, including transcription and the preservation of genome stability...
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) causes vascular inflammation in piglets, resulting in vascular damage. However, the mechanism causing vascular inflammation remains unclear. Baicalin possesses an anti-inflammatory function. Tumor necrosis factor-l...
Embryogenesis and tumorigenesis share several key biological characteristics, such as rapid cell proliferation, high plasticity, and immune evasion. This similarity indicates that developmental pathways can be hijacked, leading to the formation of ma...
Pectin is a dynamic and complex polysaccharide that forms a substantial proportion of the primary plant cell wall and middle lamella of forage ingested by grazing ruminants. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes that belongs to the carbohydrate e...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, remains a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. Despite advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, the role of metab...
The importance of lipid molecules present at the level of cell membranes is already well known. They can act as secondary messengers, participating in signal transduction processes that regulate various organ functions; furthermore, their nature sign...
At physiological or saturating ATP concentrations, some families of kinesin motors, such as kinesin-1 and kinesin-2, exhibit a predominant two-heads-bound (2HB) state during their stepping cycle on microtubules, while others, such as kinesin-3, exhib...
Malignant hematologic diseases, also referred to as hematologic tumors, encompass a series of malignant proliferative disorders of the lymphopoietic system, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. The dysregu...
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most prevalent forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and are characterized by the proliferation of CD4+ T-helper cells. The pathogenesis of CTCLs involves a critical interaction betwe...
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the primary phenolic compound in virgin olive oil, has notable cardiovascular benefits, particularly in preventing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. However, its hydrophilicity limits its solubility and integration into li...
Forensic genetics has experienced remarkable advancements over the past decades, evolving from the analysis of a limited number of DNA segments to comprehensive genome-wide investigations. This progression has significantly improved the ability to es...
Vascular dysfunction frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in older individuals; however, the cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear. While AD is primarily characterized by neu...
PEIG-1/GPRC5A (phorbol ester induced gene-1/G-protein Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member A) was the first identified member of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor family GPRC5. Deregulation of its expression is associated with the development...
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a well-known adaptogenic herb traditionally used to enhance sleep quality and mitigate stress-induced cognitive decline. This study investigated the effects of different doses of ashwagandha root extract (AE) formu...
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key immunoregulatory cytokine with a dual role in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While essential for granuloma formation, macrophage activation, and containment of latent infection, TNF can also cont...
Germline heterozygous variants in RUNX1 lead to Familial Platelet Disorder with Myeloid Leukemia Predisposition (FPD/AML). Cellular and/or animal models are helpful to uncovering the role of a variant in disease progression. Twenty-five mice per geno...
At the present stage, heavy metal pollution, led by environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd), has caused incalculable losses in animal husbandry. The potential value of caprylic acid as a medium- and long-chain fatty acid with a unique role in regulati...
For the first time, two poly-histidine-poly-glycine peptides (pHpG-H5 and pHpG-H7) were identified as promising candidates for matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. cDNAs encoding pHpG-H5 and pHpG-H7 peptides were isolated from the Atheris squamigera...
Myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme consists of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) catalytic subunit (PP1c) associated with myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (MYPT1) and it plays an important role in mediating the phosphorylation of the 20 kDa light chain...
Estimating confidence intervals in small or noisy datasets is a recurring challenge in biomolecular research, particularly when data contain outliers or exhibit high variability. This study introduces a robust statistical method that combines a hybri...
Background: Recent studies indicate that in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS)—an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system—the biological pathways associated with these effects remain poorly understood. Changes...
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy due to the inevitable development of drug resistance, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination,...
Dormancy is a physiological state that enables cells to survive under adverse conditions by halting their proliferation while retaining the capacity to resume growth when conditions become favorable. This remarkable transition between dormant and pro...
Modern elite football is becoming increasingly physically demanding, often requiring training and matches to be played at night. This schedule may disrupt circadian rhythms and melatonin secretion, thereby impairing sleep and recovery. This study inv...
The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), is produced from 25(OH)D3 via enzymes encoded by CYP2R1, CYP27A1, and CYP27B1. Polymorphisms in these genes may alter vitamin D metabolism and increase cardiovascular disease risk. This prelimin...
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